• Korean Journal of Culture and Social Issue
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.183-214
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• 2017

The purpose of this study was to examine the psychological characteristics of affecting never married men and women through analyzing the content of in-depth interviews about the idea of marriage and the reason for never married choice. For achieving this purpose, the in-depth interview was conducted with 9 men and women aged mid-20s to late 30s who said to choose never married life for a long time, and then the content of interview was analyzed using consensual qualitative research. As a result of analyzing the content of in-depth interview, it was derived into 2 areas, 10 sub-areas, and 25 categories. The results of the study were as follows. Firstly, it was found that research participants negatively recognized the marriage and had unrealistic expectation rather than no expectation for marriage. Secondly, most of the research participants felt negative feelings about their parents' patriarchal role, and they did not want to live like their parents. They also reported that they did not see their marriage separated from their parents. Thirdly, most of the research participants felt difficulty in forming relationships with intimate person, and it became more difficult to have expectations about spouses and marriage due to repeated relationship conflict patterns. Fourthly, the research participants showed psychological aspect of experiential avoidance and seeking for individuality in terms of never married choice. Most of the research participants predicted the failure of married life, and reported that they were trying to prevent uncomfortable feelings and sufferings by choosing never married life. Also they reported that individuality considered more important than connection with others(togetherness) and individual value considered more important than collective value. Participants in this study showed negative evaluation or had negative influences on the marriage life of parents and acquaintances. This is more likely to be a passive factor in never married choice, so future research should examine the characteristics of active factors in never married choice.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.1747-1754
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• 2013

We evaluate the impact of near work has on myopia and how they differ across generation. The study subjects were 201(83 males and 118 females) adults who live in Cheongju and Daejeon. Myopia was defined as more than or equal to (-)2.50D. The subjects were divided myopic and control group. The surveys and eye tests that are related to near work and refractive error were conducted and the relationship between the degree of myopia and near work was investigated. Then, the groups were divided into people in their 20s and 30s and the comparisons were made again. The survey results showed significant differences between myopic and control groups that depended on: hours spent in school and outdoor activities during high school period, degree of refractive error caused by level of exercises during the junior high school and high school years, refractive error based on the type of high schools, also hours spent in school and outdoor activities. When the same question was done on the group in their 20s and 30s, there was a different outcome in trends between the groups and refractive error depending on whether they exercised. The degree of near work is one of the environmental risk factors that affect myopia and must be considered when studying myopic progression. However, when discussing specific behavioral patterns in relations to myopia prevention, culture and visual environment of a given generation must also be considered.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.174-179
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• 2015

Academic integrity guarantees the professional integrity and validity of the education and qualifications offered by the veterinary schools. In this study, we analyzed the responses of 528 veterinary students of two veterinary schools in Seoul regarding their awareness about, knowledge of, and frequency of engaging in academic misconduct. A total of 88.4 percent of the participants agreed that cheating and plagiarism by undergraduates would influence their future academic misconduct. The most common form of academic misconduct was plagiarism (71.7% in the A school, 69.5% in the B school), with falsification (40.2% in the A school, 31.7% in the B school) also reported at a high rate. Students indicated the lack of a culture of academic integrity as the main reason for academic misconduct. According to the regression analysis students' awareness and knowledge of academic integrity and their perception of peers' academic misconduct predicted a significant amount of variance of the frequency of academic misconduct. The findings of this study support that academic integrity should be learned in a flexible format from an early stage of professional development in veterinary curriculum. In parallel with the efforts of faculty, a community approach may be likely to improve the academic environment in terms of integrity.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.14 no.10
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• pp.5029-5036
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• 2013

The aim of the study is to investigate the awareness towards drinking in the university students and to provide the basic data for more realistic and efficient drinking prevention policy. The subject of investigation was students at the Department of Medicine/Health and those at the Department of Engineering among students living in N city and D city and the survey, which was constructed by KPHA, was distributed to 300 students from March 4, 2013 to March 8, 2013 with explaning the purpose, contents and entry method of the investigation. Overall 293 responses were collected, as 48 reponses from the Department of Medicine, 98 from the Department of Health, 147 from the Department of Engineering. Among the factors that affect students' drinking, as a general factor, a grade(p<0.05) had an influence, if a general factor and drinking condition are included, it turned out that the first drinking time(p<0.01) and friends' drinking condition had an influence. Accountance of the whole model was turned out as 20.0%. Considering university students' drinking culture, it is suggested that active education and campaign through anti-drinking student groups will contribute to create healthy drinking culture.

• International Commerce and Information Review
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.161-183
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• 2013

The essential purpose of this study is to exemplify empirically some relations of between Korea image attributes and Korea image making in Uzbekistan. This study is for providing basically empirical analysis for intensifying Korea's economic capacity based on Korean image in Uzbekistan and for offering any kinds of implications for the entry and management activities of Korean enterprises in world-wide business. This study is organized in two stages. First, the study model is designed by reappraising relevant theories, previous studies and the current investment qualifications concerning the country image attributes and image making. Second, the survey of Uzbekistan people who are living in South Korea is accomplished by collecting questionnaires. SPSS 15.0 for windows is being activated for correlation, reliability, validity and finally the statistical method of structural equation modeling is utilized to testing the hypothesis by AMOS 7.0 for windows. In conclusion partially, Korea image attributes: economic capability, popular culture, national traits and enterprise competence are proved to influence positively to Korea image making: recognition, attractiveness and confidence which is considered generally by Uzbekistan people.

• Nuclear industry
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• v.37 no.9
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• pp.58-90
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• 2017

'공포의 값비싼 대가(The High Cost of Fear)'는 공개된 자료 중 동료 평가를 마친 최신의 자료와 간단한 계산 방법을 통해 한국의 탈원전 정책이 가져올 경제적, 환경적 영향을 분석한 보고서이다. 우리는 탈원전 정책이 다음과 같은 영향을 미칠 것으로 예측한다. ${\cdot}$천연가스 구매에만 최소 매년 100억 달러의 비용이 들 것이다. 이는 한국 평균임금인 연소득 29,125달러를 받는 일자리 343,000개에 해당하는 금액이다. ${\cdot}$비용의 대부분은 연료 수입에 사용될 것이며, 한국의 무역 수지가 악화될 것이다. ${\cdot}$한국의 부족한 재생에너지 자원을 고려할 때, 상당한 양의 화석 연료를 추가로 사용하게 될 것이다. ${\cdot}$LNG 발전소가 석탄 발전소를 대체하지 못하고 원자력발전소를 대체하면서 대기 오염으로 인한 조기 사망자 수가 증가할 것이다. ${\cdot}$한국의 전도유망한 원전 수출 산업이 아예 붕괴되거나 큰 타격을 입을 것이다. ${\cdot}$평균적 미국 자동차의 연간 주행거리를 기준으로 150만대에서 270만대의 미국 자동차가 배출하는 배기가스의 양만큼 연간 탄소 배출이 증가할 것이고, 한국은 파리기후협정에서 약속한 탄소 배출 감축 목표를 달성할 수 없게 된다. 본 보고서는 현재 계획된 탈원전 정책의 역사적 사회적 배경을 분석하여 다음과 같은 결론을 도출하였다. ${\cdot}$'그린피스(Greenpeace)', '지구의 친구들(Friends for the Earth)' 등 막대한 자금 지원을 받는 해외 환경단체들은 탈원전 거짓 정보의 근원이며, 이들은 저렴하고 풍부한 에너지라는 개념을 반대한다. ${\cdot}$후쿠시마 원전 사고와 그 여파의 주된 원인은 일본 원자력산업계의 오만과 원자력에 대한 과장된 집단 공포이다. ${\cdot}$반핵 진영의 논리에는 산업계와 정부에 대한 불신과 원자력, 방사선에 대한 몰이해가 반영되어 있다. ${\cdot}$반핵 진영은 후쿠시마 사고를 2014년 한수원 납품 비리 사태의 심각성을 과장하는 데 사용하고 있다. 2014년의 비리 사태는 한국 원자력 규제기관의 독립성을 증명했으며, 2016년의 경주 지진은 2011년 후쿠시마에서 쓰나미와 노심 용융을 초래한 동일본 대지진의 1/350,000의 크기밖에 되지 않는다. 본 보고서는 한국과 타국가의 반핵 운동이 주는 교훈을 다음과 같이 정리하였다. ${\cdot}$어떠한 국가도 에너지 자원 최빈국인 프랑스나 한국 같은 국가조차도 탈원전 '전쟁'에서 자유롭지 않으며, 이는 전 세계적으로 원자력산업이 쇠퇴하는 원인이다. ${\cdot}$원자력산업계, 정부, IAEA 등은 한국과 세계 여러 국가에서- 문화적, 제도적, 재정적 원인으로 원자력산업의 보호와 확대라는 목표를 달성할 수 없다. ${\cdot}$원자력산업을 구하기 위해서는 새로운 비전과 새로운 제도, 그리고 새로운 리더십이 필요하다. ${\cdot}$원자력의 근원적이고 혁신적인 비전 원자력 인본주의(atomic humanism)에 대한 재조명이 필요하다. ${\cdot}$원자력을 지키고 대중과 소통하기 위해 과학 연구단체, 대학교, 사단법인, NGO 등의 새로운 기관들을 후원해야 한다. ${\cdot}$공포를 조장하는 반원전 세력에 맞서 공포를 극복해야 하고, 대중의 공포를 극복해왔던 다른 기술들의 사례에서 교훈을 얻어야 한다.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.614-620
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was to provide basic data for developing the practical park management. For this, satisfaction degree, satisfaction factors and estimated model by satisfaction variables of visitors analyzed through a questionnaire survey in Naejangsan National Park, Korea. In the evaluation of the satisfaction, variables of 'Lack of public facility'. 'Lack of use program', 'Lack of facility to stay' 'Charge of user fee, parking fee' and 'Exorbitant pay' at Naejangsan park office and 'Charge of user fee, parking fee', 'Lack of use program' and 'Lack of facility to stay' at Baekam park office was more unsatisfied than any other variable. Satisfaction factors by Factor Analysis were loaded with 'Facility management' at Naejangsan park office(34.3%) and 'user management' at Baekam park office(45.6%) by the highest contribution degree. In estimated model of satisfaction by Multiple Regression Analysis showed in order of 'damage of trail', 'Lack of commercial facility', and 'Littering problem' at Naejangsan park office and 'damage of cultural and historic resource', 'Lack of commercial facility', 'Touting' at Baekam park office. So, Naejangsan National Park needed intensive management policy and institutional apparatus for facility management and user education.

• Journal of Conservation Science
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.60-67
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• 1998

The effects of moisture content (MC) and diffusion period on the diffusion of boron from borate rod through Pinus densiflora and P. koraiensis were investigated as a preliminary research of integrated remedial treatment for heritage wooden structures using borate rod. After equilibrating MCs of samples (15, 25, and 40%), borate rod (1,000 mg) was inserted into the sample, and stored for diffusion of boron at room temperatures ($23^{\circ}C$) for 2, 4, 8, and 12 weeks. Wafers were serially cut at constant intervals from rod treatment point and the boron penetration through longitudinal and transverse direction was measured by staining with boron indicator. For boron diffusion, MC above fiber saturation point was needed, and the diffusion rates increased with time. The fastest rates of diffusion were observed in longitudinal direction, followed by the radial and then the tangential direction. The rates of diffusion in all directions were the fastest in P. koraiensis. In P. densiflora, the diffusion rates through heartwood was faster than that in sapwood in longitudinal direction and vice versa in transverse direction. Based on the best result of this study, optimal space between rod insertion points could be recommended as follows; approximately 120 mm for P. koraiensis and heartwood of P. densiflora, 60 mm for sapwood of P. densiflora in longitudinal direction, and approximately 30 mm for all species tested in transverse direction. However, the effect of rod size and long-term exposure for diffusion on boron movement should be fully investigated for the accurate evaluation of optimal space between rod holes.

• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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• v.42 no.1
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• pp.122-142
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• 2009

This study explored all domestic and international theories for maintenance and health enhancement of an old and big tree, and carried out the anatomical survey of the operation part of the tree toward he current status of domestic surgery and the perception survey of an expert group, and drew out following conclusion through the process of suggesting its reform plan. First, as a result of analyzing the correlation of the 67 subject trees with their ages, growth status. surroundings, it revealed that they were closely related to positional characteristic, damage size, whereas were little related to materials by fillers. Second, the size of the affected part was the most frequent at the bough sheared part under $0.09m^2$, and the hollow size by position(part) was the biggest at 'root + stem' starting from the behind of the main root and stem As a result of analyzing the correlation, the same result was elicited at the group with low correlation. Third, the problem was serious in charging the fillers (especially urethane) in the big hollow or exposed root produced at the behind of the root and stem part, or surface-processing it. The benefit by charging the hollow part was analyzed as not so much. Fourth, the surface-processing of fillers currently used (artificial bark) is mainly 'epoxy+woven fabric+cork', but it is not flexible, so it has brought forth problems of frequent cracks and cracked surface at the joint part with the treetextured part. Fifth, the correlation with the external status of the operated part was very high with the closeness, surface condition, formation of adhesive tissue and internal survey result. Sixth, the most influential thing on flushing by the wrong management of an old and big tree was banking, and a wrong pruning was the source of the ground part damage. In pruning a small bough can easily recover itself from its damage as its formation of adhesive tissue when it is cut by a standard method. Seventh, the parameters affecting the times of related business handling of an old and big tree are 'the need of the conscious reform of the manager and related business'. Eighth, a reform plan in an institutional aspect can include the arrangement of the law and organization of the old and big tree management and preservation at an institutional aspect. This study for preparing a reform plan through the status survey of the designated old and big tree, has a limit inducing a reform plan based on the status survey through individual research, and a weak point suggesting grounds by any statistical data. This can be complemented by subsequent studies.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.401-412
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• 2005

This study was conducted to examine the effects of dietary Mogchotan(the mixture of charcoal and pyroligneous acid, 80:20, w/w) supplementation on fattening performance, fatty acid composition and the physico-chemical characteristics of meat in pigs. The present study was also stressed to investigate the possibility of industrial utilization of charcoal and pyroligneous acid as a livestock feed additive. Weight gain and feed conversion in pigs fed the Mogchotan supplemented diet were higher than those of the control group. In fatty acids composition, palmitic acid(C16:0) contents of Mogchotan treatment groups were lower than that of control group. However, Mogchotan supplementation increased C16:1, C18:0, C18:1, C18:2 and C18:3 contents when compared with control group pigs. Also, Mogchotan supplementation groups decreased saturated fatty acids level than control group. On the other hand, Mogchotan supplementation showed higher unsaturated fatty acids value, especially polyunsaturated fatty acids value compared to control group. The carcass pH of pigs fed the Mogchotan tended to be higher than control, but was not significantly different. The water holding capacity was significantly higher in pigs fed the 3.0% Mogchotan-supplemented diet than those of other treatment groups(p<0.05). Altogether, it has been suggested that dietary $1{\sim}3%$ of Mogchotan supplementation improved the fattening performance and meat quality in pigs.