• Communications of Mathematical Education
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• v.18 no.3 s.20
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• pp.139-147
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• 2004

최근 수학 창의성 개발과 관련되어 문제설정에 대한 많은 연구가 진행되고 있으나 문제설정의 기법과 지도방법에 대한 연구는 실제적인 연구는 미비한 실정이다. 이 연구에서는 문제설정의 유형과 수준을 논의함으로서 문제설정 지도에 대한 시사점을 주고자 한다. 문제설정의 유형으로는 다음과 같이 분류될 수 있다. 첫째, 문제를 구성하는 요인들을 다른 것으로 대체하여 만들 수 있는 대치적 수준의 문제설정, 둘째 유추적 사고에 의해 만들 수 있는 유추적 수준의 문제설정, 셋째는 개념이나 또는 해를 구하는 방법이나 절차를 다른 형태로 바꾸는, 즉 문제를 재구성, 재정의 및 재조직하여 문제를 만드는 재구성 수준의 문제설정, 넷째는 출판되는 논문의 주제 선정과 같은 전문가 수준의 문제설정으로 분류하였다.

• School Mathematics
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.215-237
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• 2006

In this study, we research distinctive features of geometry problem solving of middle school students whose mathematical achievement levels are distinguished by National Assessment of Educational Achievement. We classified 9 students into 3 groups according to their level : advanced level, proficient level, basic level. They solved an atypical geometry problem while all their problem solving stages were observed and then analyzed in aspect of development of geometrical concepts and access to the route of problem solving. As those analyses, we gave some suggestions of teaching on mathematics as students' achievement level.

• Journal of Elementary Mathematics Education in Korea
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.907-935
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• 2010

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of using open-ended problems in ability-level activities in mathematics instruction and to draw some informative conclusions in order to improve the practice of teaching and learning mathematics in the elementary school. To fulfill the purpose, the research questions were established as follows: 1. Is there any difference between the academic achievements of the experimental group(doing ability-level activities using open-ended problems) and the control group(doing general ability-level activities)? 2. Which sub-group(grouped by achievement score in pretest) get affected most by ability-level activities using open-ended problem in the experimental group? 3. What kinds of responses do students show in their ability-level activities using open-ended problems? By applying t-test and analysing the response, the conclusions were drawn as follows: First, using open-ended problems in ability-level activities has positive effects on the academic achievement of the experiment group. The mean of posttest scores of the experiment group was statistically meaningfully higher(p<.05). Second, using open-ended problems in ability-level activities affect most to the achievement of lower sub-group in the experiment group. The mean of posttest scores of lower sub-group in the experiment group was statistically meaningfully higher than that of control group(p<.05). Third, students showed various and creative response in their ability-level activities using open-ended problems.

• Proceedings of the Korean Operations and Management Science Society Conference
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• 2006.05a
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• pp.110-116
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• 2006

지금까지 대부분의 리던던시 할당문제(RAP: redundancy allocation problems) 관련 연구들에서는 최상위 수준에서의 시스템 리던던시보다는 최하위 수준인 부품의 리던던시를 고려하였다. 이는 최하위 수준에서의 리던던시가 최상위 수준의 리던던시보다 효과적이라고 알려진 일반적 원리 때문이었다. 최근 한 연구에서는 동일하지 않은 예비부품을 사용하여 리던던시를 실시하는 경우 직렬구조의 시스템에서도 일반적 원리와 다른 결과가 나타날 수 있음을 보이고, 시스템을 구성하는 모든 수준에서 리던던시가 가능한 다수준 리던던시 할당문제(MRAP: multi-level RAP)를 제시하였다. 그러나 MRAP는 모든 수준에서의 리던던시를 고려하지만 단지 한 수준을 선택하여 리던던시를 할 수 있다는 가정사항을 포함하고 있다. 본 연구에서는 MRAP의 이러한 가정사항을 완화하여 시스템을 구성하는 모든 수준에서 리던던시를 위한 수준을 복수로 선택 가능한 혼합 다수준 리던던시 할당문제(MMRAP: multiple MRAP)를 제시하고 모형화하며, 문제의 해법을 위한 유전자 알고리듬(GA: genetic algorithm)을 제시한다. 제시한 GA를 활용한 몇 가지 수치실험을 통해 모형이 기존의 RAP 경우보다 효과적임을 입증한다.

• Therapeutic Science for Rehabilitation
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.129-140
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• 2021

Objective : The purpose of this study was to examine differences in social maturity and behavioral problems according to the level of sleep problems in children with ASD. Methods : The participants were 102 mothers of infants with ASD aged 1-5 years. The Social Maturity Scales (SMS) and Child Behavior Checklist 1.5-5 were used as the measuring tools. Results : The level of sleep problems in infants with ASD was 56.58T on the sleep problems scale. The participants were grouped based on scores on the sleep problems scale: those with scores <65 (good sleepers) or scores ≥65 (poor sleepers). Sleep problems significantly correlated with all the scales on the CBCL. However, no association was found between sleep problems and social quotients. Poor sleepers achieved significantly lower scores on the social quotient scale of the SMS than good sleepers. Poor sleepers achieved significantly higher scores in internalizing problems, externalizing problems, and DSM-oriented scales on the CBCL compared to those in the good sleepers. Conclusion : The significance of this study is that it has verified the severity of sleep problems in infants with ASD and has examined the differences in social maturity and behavioral problems between poor sleepers and good sleepers.

• Journal of the Korean School Mathematics Society
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.241-258
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• 2015

The purpose of this paper is to examine the students' mathematics problem solving process in the intuitive stages. For this, researcher developed the questionnaire which consisted of problems in relation to intuitive and algorithmic problem solving. 73 fifth grade and 66 sixth grade elementary students participated in this study. I got the conclusion as follows: Elementary students' intuitive problem solving ability is very low. The rate of algorithmic problem solving is higher than that of intuitive problem solving in number and operation areas. The rate of intuitive problem solving is higher in figure and measurement areas. Students inclined to solve the problem intuitively in that case there is no clue for algorithmic solution. So, I suggest the development of problems which can be solved in the intuitive stage and the preparation of the methods to experience the insight and intuition.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.20 no.9
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• pp.150-157
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• 2020

This study was conducted to explore whether problem solving ability mediates the effect of flow on the level of task participation in PBL. The subjects of this study were 60 students(in Education methods and technology class). For the study, data were collected through questionnaires on flow, problem-solving ability, and task participation level. Collected data are analyzed using SPSS Macro and bootstrapping method. As a result, the impact of flow was positive on the level of task participation. And the problem solving ability was found to have an indirect effect at the level of .292. Problem solving ability mediates the impact of commitment on the level of participation in the task. The results of these studies are the basis for how to improve the level of participation in the task by supporting problem-solving skills in PBL activities.

• School Mathematics
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.315-330
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• 2012

Mathematics educators have tried to teach mathematics to all students who are at any mathematical level by differentiated math instruction from late 1990s in Korea. The common differentiated math instruction separates students into two or three groups according to their mathematical ability and then different activities and tasks are given to each group. This kind of instruction fosters negative attitudes to mathematics to low level students and fix them at low level. So I investigated new mathematics instruction considering able students and low attainers at the same time. This new method is based on using open problems in math class. All students can respond to an open problem in different ways. If teachers could relate all varieties of answers got from students at every level to build good understanding the concept which the problem target at, low attainers could move to their potential developmental levels. This kind of instruction can change low math attainers' negative attitudes to good ones to mathematics and foster their confidence in performing mathematics.

• Proceedings of the Korean Information Science Society Conference
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• 2005.07b
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• pp.358-360
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• 2005

본 논문은 학습자의 학업 성취도를 높이기 위해 학습자의 수준에 맞는 평가 문항을 제공하기 위한 방안으로 문제의 정${\cdot}$오답율을 측정하고, 코스 구성시 측정된 정${\cdot}$오답율을 근거로 문제를 구성하는 방안을 제안한다. 기존 연구는 학습자의 수준에 맞는 콘텐츠 제작에만 중점을 두었으나 본 연구에서는 수준에 맞는 평가를 제공함으로써 학습자의 학업 성취도를 높일 수 있다. 학습자의 수준은 기존 학습의 결과로 파악이 되며, LMS에 저장된다. 학습자가 문제를 풀면 정${\cdot}$오답 결과를 저장하여 해당 문제를 푼 여러 학습자들의 정${\cdot}$오답율을 메타데이터에 포함한다. 교수자는 학습 코스 설계 시 해당 학습자의 수준에 맞는 평가 문항 검색, 새로운 코스에 포함 할 수 있다. 이를 통해 학습 코스 설계자는 학습자의 수준에 맞는 평가 문항을 학습코스에 적용할 수 있고, 학습자는 자신의 수준에 맞는 평가를 함으로써 학업성취도가 높아지게 된다.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.21 no.11
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• pp.375-384
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• 2020

This study examined the trajectories of the marital satisfaction of parents to classify its latent classes and how marital satisfaction influences the behavioral problems of their children between the identified latent classes. The 1st to 8th and 10th data from the Korea Child-Adolescent Panel Survey were analyzed using the latent class growth analysis and BCH method. First, based on the mother's trajectory of marital satisfaction, five latent classes were identified: 'low constant', 'intermediate constant', 'temporary increment-constantly decrement', 'high constant, and 'highest constant'. At the same time, based on the father's trajectory of marital satisfaction, four latent classes were identified: 'increment', 'intermediate-slightly decrement', 'high-slightly decrement', and 'highest constant'. Second, mothers with low marital satisfaction had more children with behavioral problems, and their influence had more problems with internalized behavioral problems. These problems progressed to externalized behavioral problems as they grew. Both internalized and externalized behavioral problems were also found between the identified latent classes of the father's marital satisfaction. Children of fathers with low marital satisfaction showed more behavioral problems. These findings suggest that the marital satisfaction of parents is an important variable that can influence the behavioral problems of their children.