• 한국수학교육학회지시리즈E:수학교육논문집
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.707-734
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• 2009

본 연구에서는 초등학교 4, 5, 6학년 20명을 대상으로 분수의 덧셈과 뺄셈에 대하여 아동이 어떻게 이해하고 있는지 알아보고, 그것이 분수의 덧셈과 뺄셈 문장제 해결에 어떤 영향을 주는지 알아보았다. 연구 결과 많은 아동들이 분수의 덧셈을 합병의 상황으로, 분수의 뺄셈을 제거의 상황으로 이해하고 있었으며, 대부분 동분모 분수의 덧셈, 뺄셈과 이분모 분수의 덧셈, 뺄셈을 동일한 의미로 이해하고 있었다. 몇몇 아동들은 분수의 덧셈과 뺄셈을 특정 상황과 연결 지어 이해하고 있기 보다는 연산의 계산 절차를 연산의 의미로 이해하고 있었는데, 동분모 분수의 덧셈, 뺄셈보다 이분모 분수의 덧셈, 뺄셈을 계산절차로만 이해하고 있는 아동들이 상대적으로 많았다. 분수의 덧셈과 뺄셈에 대한 아동의 이해가 문장제 해결에 어떤 영향을 주는지 조사한 결과 분수의 덧셈에 대하여 아동이 어떤 의미로 이해하고 있느냐는 분수의 덧셈 문장제 해결에 큰 영향을 주지 않았다. 또한 분수의 덧셈에 대하여 동일한 이해 범주에 포함된 아동들 간에도 문장제의 해결 방법에 공통된 특성은 발견되지 않았다. 반면, 분수의 뺄셈에서는 많은 아동이 분수의 뺄셈에 대하여 자신이 지니고 있는 의미론적 구조에 기초하여 문제를 해결하려는 경향을 보였으며, 동일한 이해 범주에 포함된 아동들 간에도 분수의 뺄셈 문장제 해결 방법에 공통된 특성이 발견되었다. 특히 분수의 덧셈과 뺄셈을 특정 상황과 연관 지어 이해하고 있기 보다는 분수의 덧셈과 뺄셈의 계산 절차를 각 연산의 의미로 이해하고 있었던 아동들은 다른 아동들에 비해 문장제 해결 능력이 떨어졌다.

• 한국수학교육학회지시리즈A:수학교육
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• 제50권3호
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• pp.337-354
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• 2011

The purpose of the study was to investigate how students understand multiplication and division of fractions and how their understanding influences the solutions of fractional word problems. Thirteen students from 5th to 6th grades were involved in the study. Students' understanding of operations with fractions was categorized into "a part of the parts", "multiplicative comparison", "equal groups", "area of a rectangular", and "computational procedures of fractional multiplication (e.g., multiply the numerators and denominators separately)" for multiplications, and "sharing", "measuring", "multiplicative inverse", and "computational procedures of fractional division (e.g., multiply by the reciprocal)" for divisions. Most students understood multiplications as a situation of multiplicative comparison, and divisions as a situation of measuring. In addition, some students understood operations of fractions as computational procedures without associating these operations with the particular situations (e.g., equal groups, sharing). Most students tended to solve the word problems based on their semantic structure of these operations. Students with the same understanding of multiplication and division of fractions showed some commonalities during solving word problems. Particularly, some students who understood operations on fractions as computational procedures without assigning meanings could not solve word problems with fractions successfully compared to other students.

• 한국수학교육학회지시리즈A:수학교육
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• 제47권4호
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• pp.519-543
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• 2008

The study has been conducted with 29 children from 4th to 6th grades to realize how they understand addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division of whole numbers, and how their understanding influences solving of one-step word problems. Children's understanding of operations was categorized into "adding" and "combination" for additions, "taking away" and "comparison" for subtractions, "equal groups," "rectangular arrange," "ratio," and "Cartesian product" for multiplications, and "sharing," "measuring," "comparison," "ratio," "multiplicative inverse," and "repeated subtraction" for divisions. Overall, additions were mostly understood additions as "adding"(86.2%), subtractions as "taking away"(86.2%), multiplications as "equal groups"(100%), and divisions as "sharing"(82.8%). This result consisted with the Fischbein's intuitive models except for additions. Most children tended to solve the word problems based on their conceptual structure of the four arithmetic operations. Even though their conceptual structure of arithmetic operations helps to better solve problems, this tendency resulted in wrong solutions when problem situations were not related to their conceptual structure. Children in the same category of understanding for each operations showed some common features while solving the word problems. As children's understanding of operations significantly influences their solutions to word problems, they needs to be exposed to many different problem situations of the four arithmetic operations. Furthermore, the focus of teaching needs to be the meaning of each operations rather than computational algorithm.