• Journal of the Korean BIBLIA Society for library and Information Science
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.95-134
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• 2016

The intangible cultural heritage possesses the extremely important meaning and value irrespective of its form. The value of the intangible cultural heritage becomes the important driving force in the social development as useful resources of reflecting social aspects and historical records that the life and tradition of past is delivered. Hence, this study aims to propose the method to manage and provide of the intangible cultural heritage syntagmatically from the digital aspect. For this the plan, the study compared and analyzed the current status of digital archiving of intangible cultural heritage. Consequently, based on the analysis, policy based on cultural governance and standardized management factors were developed. The method to materialize digital contents was developed for constructing digital archives and utilization of intangible cultural heritage can be facilitated.

• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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• v.48 no.3
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• pp.30-45
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• 2015

The purpose of this study is to demonstrate that transmissions of an intangible cultural heritage in Korea may be cut off because it is separated from human and social environment and protected and managed under the national system. In addition, another purpose is to criticize concept and method dichotomy in the current institution from an ecological perspective and consider the problem that the intangible cultural heritages are transmitted mainly by holders having skills and accomplishments by distinguishing them from others. Furthermore, the last purpose is to suggest a direction of policy emphasizing an importance of establishment of environment which allows nurture, change and development of local people, which may ensure continuous transmission in order to solve the problem and a transmission system of the intangible cultural heritage by using a principle in which the system is operated by self-recovery and natural rule of the ecology. The findings of this study show that seven problems can be analyzed by reviewing concept establishment and protection and transmission measure of intangible cultural heritages according to the Cultural Properties Protection Law, based on the ecological perspective. The protection and transmission methods of the intangible cultural heritage through the cultural heritage ecology are suggested by applying ecological theory to it. The intangible cultural heritage ecology defined in this paper means 'a sustainable community consisting of intangible cultural heritage, subject of activity and physical environment.' Since it is operated according to the principle reflecting the rules and features of natural ecology, it can keep system through self-recovery without an external intervention, as the case of natural ecology.

• Journal of the Korean BIBLIA Society for library and Information Science
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.199-224
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• 2018

Intangible cultural heritage is a collection of community wisdom and talents and it has artistic and cultural values of the nation. And because it represents an identity of the country, it is an important records information resources that we must be inherited from generation to generation. Korea's intangible cultural heritage system has developed with the aim of preserving and transmission, but now it is necessary to take an creative approach as a resource as a resource for cultural diversity and utilization in an intangible cultural source. Therefore, it is important to maintain systematic management of intangible cultural heritage records information resources in order to continuously preserve, but it is also important to establish a basis for continuous use. The purpose of this study is to propose improvement plans for the archival information services of domestic intangible cultural heritage. We analyzed the status of the archival reference services of intangible cultural heritage institutions in consideration of the characteristics of intangible cultural assets. In-depth interviews were conducted with the responsible person to collect opinions and requirements during the service. We suggested the improvement plans through drawing out implication on problems and direction of archival information services for intangible cultural heritage.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.34-43
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• 2022

This study compared the characteristics of cultural heritage in China and Vietnam, which have developed in the relationship of mutual geopolitical and cultural influence in history, and the following conclusions were made. First, the definition of cultural heritage in China and Vietnam has similar meanings in both countries. In the case of cultural heritage classification, both countries introduced the legal concept of intangible cultural heritage through UNESCO, and have similarities in terms of intangible cultural heritage. Second, while China has separate laws for managing tangible and intangible cultural heritages, Vietnam integrally manages the two types of cultural heritages under a single law. Vietnam has a slower introduction of the concept of cultural heritage than China, but it shows high integration in terms of system. Third, cultural heritages in both China and Vietnam are graded, which is applied differently depending on the type of heritage. The designation method has a similarity in which the two countries have a vertical structure and pass through steps. By restoring the value of heritage and complementing integrity through such a step-by-step review, balanced development across the country is being sought through tourism to enjoy heritage and create economic effects. Fourth, it was confirmed that the cultural heritage management organization has a central government management agency in both countries, but in China, the authority of local governments is higher than that of Vietnam. In addition, unlike Vietnam, where tangible and intangible cultural heritage are managed by an integrated institution, China had a separate institution in charge of intangible cultural heritage. Fifth, China is establishing a conservation management policy focusing on sustainability that harmonizes the protection and utilization of heritage. Vietnam is making efforts to integrate the contents and spirit of the agreement into laws, programs, and projects related to cultural heritage, especially intangible heritage and economic and social as a whole. However, it is still dependent on the influence of international organizations. Sixth, China and Vietnam are now paying attention to intangible heritage recently introduced, breaking away from the cultural heritage protection policy centered on tangible heritage. In addition, they aim to unite the people through cultural heritage and achieve the nation's unified policy goals. The two countries need to use intangible heritage as an efficient means of preserving local communities or regions. A cultural heritage preservation network should be established for each subject that can integrate the components of intangible heritage into one unit to lay the foundation for the enjoyment of the people. This study has limitations as a research stage comparing the cultural heritage system and preservation management status in China and Vietnam, and the characteristic comparison of cultural heritage policies by type remains a future research task.

• Journal of Korean Society of Archives and Records Management
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.123-153
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• 2019

The study aims to develop and verify evaluation factors and items for assessing the quality when digitizing intangible cultural heritage record information resources. To derive evaluation areas and factors, the study analyzes the digitalization cases of the National Intangible Heritage Center and International Information and Networking Centre for Intangible Cultural Heritage in the Asia-Pacific region (ICHCAP) under the auspices of UNESCO, along with digitalization-related guidelines, National Archives of Korea standards, and previous studies. Afterward, to select the importance of evaluation factors and items developed, the study conducted a survey on working-level officials of intangible cultural heritage-related organizations and those working on digitalization, and established an allocation system based on the selected importance. Furthermore, the study performed a pilot evaluation by applying it to a digitalized intangible cultural heritage record information resources and conducted a focus group interview (FGI) to verify the results of the evaluation. Through the evaluation factors and items developed in this study, the agency can objectify the deficiencies of digitalization at a glance and use them as basic data by practitioners in the future.

• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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• v.47 no.3
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• pp.160-171
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• 2014

The provision of support for the art of making these items needs to be considered with the focus on the following factors: the local situation of the areas where such traditional handicrafts are still made, the craftspeople involved in their production, and their communities. So far, discussion about how to reinvigorate traditional handicrafts, including those mentioned above, has been concentrated on the measures taken to promote them as part of the handicrafts industry and the allocation of the government's budget for important intangible cultural heritages. The government runs a traditional handicrafts management system and provides financial support for the craftspeople and spaces for exhibiting their work. This form of support has led to systematic management of traditional handicrafts and heightened public interest in cultural heritage, as well as publicizing the country's traditional crafts, but has made little progress in the following areas: the fostering of young people willing to learn traditional skills, diversification of the types of skills to be maintained, or establishment of the networks of collaboration among the craftspeople. The most important aspect among the efforts mentioned above is to maintain cultural traditions that are unique to each region by encouraging local craftspeople to engage in their work with a solid sense of pride backed up by financial support. This study was carried out in connection with the need to reinvigorate the art of making tanggeon (horsehair crown), manggeon (horsehair headband), and gat (black horsehair hat), which few people wear as they are used only for ornamental purposes nowadays. This study examined the circumstances surrounding the artisans engaged in the production of horsehair handicrafts prior to their designation as a cultural heritage, and the changes that occurred in the local communities associated with their production after the designation, in order to assess the status of inheritance of this tradition.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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• v.39 no.2
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• pp.39-49
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• 2021

This study was conducted to establish practical goals for the viewing environment and interpretation and delivery system of cultural heritage and to create an viewing environment according to the classification of cultural heritage types, and the conclusions reached are as follows. First, five goals were set based on the international basic principles of the cultural heritage viewing environment and interpretation and delivery system. Second, based on the set goals, cultural heritage was classified into the first type 'disappeared and hidden heritage', the second type 'stuffed memory heritage', and the third type 'living memory heritage'. Third, the directions for creating the viewing environment for each type of cultural heritage were suggested. The first type has to be able to properly convey cultural heritage to visitors through excavation and digital technology. The second type needs a plan to deliver tangible and intangible values by combining various digital technologies with actual cultural heritage. The third type should emphasize the role of local residents in effectively enjoying the tangible and intangible values ??that already exist. Fourth, it proposed comprehensive considerations in the establishment of the cultural heritage viewing environment and interpretation and delivery system. Based on dynamic and sustainable heritage management, cultural heritage viewing should be valuable, satisfying and enjoyable. In addition, local communities should be actively involved, and tourism and conservation activities should be able to benefit the community. Establishment of a viewing environment should protect and strengthen the authenticity of cultural heritage.

• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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• v.52 no.3
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• pp.252-269
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• 2019

Since the inauguration of the Kim Jong-un regime in 2012, the safeguarding and management system of cultural heritage in the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (DPRK) has been changing to a form similar to that of a democratic country's legal system. In addition, the National Authority for the Protection of Cultural Heritage (NAPCH) has continuously recorded and cataloged intangible cultural heritage elements in the DPRK, listing Arirang, kimchi-making, and ssireum on the UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage Representative List. In particular, the multinational nomination of ssireum in October 2018 is symbolic in terms of inter-Korean exchanges and cooperation for peace and reconciliation, raising expectations for the further multinational nomination of the two Koreas' intangible cultural heritage. Currently, South Korea lists 20 items on its Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity, three of which are shared by various countries with multinational nominations such as falconry, tug-of-war, and ssireum. However, when comparing the process of applying for multinational nomination in the three elements that follow, it is necessary to discuss whether these cases reflect the nature of multinational nomination. In particular, in the case of ssireum, without a working-level consultation between the two Koreas to prepare an application for a multinational nomination, each applied for a single registration; these applications were approved exceptionally as a multinational nomination by the Intergovernmental Committee under the leadership of the Secretary-General of UNESCO, and no bilateral exchanges have taken place until now. This is symbolic, formal, and substantially similar to the individual listings in terms of the spirit of co-listing on the premise of mutual exchange and cooperation. Therefore, the only way to strengthen the effectiveness of the multinational nomination between the two Koreas and to guarantee the spirit of multinational nomination is to request multilateral co-registration, including the two Koreas. For this, the Korean government needs a strategic approach, such as finding elements for multilateral co-listing; accumulating expertise, capabilities, and experience as a leading country in multilateral co-listing; and building cooperative governance with stakeholders. Besides, to reduce the volatility of inter-Korean cultural exchanges and cooperation depending on political situations and the special nature of inter-Korean relations, measures should be taken toward achieving inter-Korean cultural heritage exchanges and cooperation under a multilateral cooperation system using UNESCO, an international organization.

• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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• v.54 no.2
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• pp.56-77
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• 2021

Toponyms are located not only in the site between human cognition and the physical environment but also in the name of cultural heritage. Accordingly, certain identities and ideologies for which human groups and community have sought, their holistic way of life, and all cultural symbols and cosmos, such as sense of place and genius loci, are included in their toponymic heritage. Denoting, symbolizing, integrating and representing the culture and nature belong to the human community. Based on these perceptions of the toponymic heritage, the aims of this article are to examine the values of a toponym as an Intangible Cultural Heritage (ICH) and to suggest the application methods using the toponymic functions for governing of tangible cultural heritage. This article discusses the multivocality, diversity, and non-representational theory of landscape phenomenology intrinsic to the terms of culture and cultural landscape and then the domestic and international issues on the toponymic heritage in the first chapter on the values of toponym as a part of the ICH. In particular, it analyzes the preceding research in the field of toponymy, as well as the Resolutions of UNCSGN and UNGEGN on "Geographical names as culture, heritage and identity" including indigenous, minority and regional language names since 1992, which is related to the UNESCO's Convention for the Safeguarding of the Intangible Cultural Heritage in 2003. Based on this, I suggest that the traits of toponymic cultural heritage and its five standards of selection, i.e., cultural traits of toponyms, historical traits, spatial traits, socio-economic traits and linguistic traits with some examples. In the second chapter discussing on the methods using the toponymic denoting functions for creating and governing of the tangible cultural heritage, it is underlined to maintain the systematic and unified principle regarding the ways of naming in the official cultural heritage and its governing. Lastly, I introduce the possible ways of establishing a conservative area of the historical and cultural environment while using the toponymic scale and multi-toponymic territory. Considering both the spatial and participatory turns in the field of heritage studies in addition to the multiple viewpoints and sense of cultural heritage, I suggest that the conservative area for the cultural heritage and the historical and cultural environment should be set up through choosing the certain toponymic scale and multi-toponymic territory.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.1-12
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• 2023

After 60 years since the enactment of the cultural property protection act, Korea's national system of protecting what has been valued has been transformed into a 'National Heritage System'. To meet the new system, the classification of national heritage has been re-classified into three categories as cultural heritage, natural heritage, and intangible heritage. In accordance with the sub-classification, acts for cultural heritage act and intangible heritage has been amended and act for natural heritage has been enacted. Act for natural heritage defines natural heritage as natural objects or cultural heritage formed through the interaction between human beings and natural environment. The sub-classification are categorized as follows; animal, plant, geological and natural reserves, natural landscapes, historical-cultural landscapes, and mixed landscapes. It also allows creating traditional landscapes so that traditional way of landscaping can be encouraged and integrated with modern life within historic environment. In line with the new concept of traditional landscaping, existing practices will be also needed to be changed. Traditional landscaping will play a significant role in setting out the new administrative paradigm which focuses on more value preservation. This paper recommends that effective collaboration between government, experts of traditional landscaping, and owners should be established to integrate the new policy in practice.