• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.631-646
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• 2006

The purpose of this study is to find out its effect on wearers' impression formated by combination of their body type with neutral tone clothing. The experimental materials developed for this study are a set of responses to stimulus in scales(7-point semantic). 45 pictures used as stimulus are, through computer simulation, manipulated to five wearers' body type and nine neutral tone wear. The subjects are 276(?) female undergraduate students in Kyung-nam area. Factors on wearers' impression suggested as responses to the stimulus consist of 5 different demensions (Tenderness, Cuteness, Attractiveness, Elegance, Intrepidity). The results of this study are as follows: first, combination of their body type with neutral tone wear significantly affects the formation of wearers' impression in the factor of Tenderness, Attractiveness, and Intrepidity (?); to the factor of Attractiveness, wearers' body type is rather more related than wearers' neutral tone wear is. Second, the harmony of their body type with neutral tone wear has a significant effect on wearers' impression in the factor of Cuteness. According to those results, the combination of wearers' body type with neutral tone wear has significant effects on the formation of wearers' impression.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.15 no.2 s.67
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• pp.311-325
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• 2007

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of eyeshadow color(brown, purple), lipstick color(red, red purple, and yellow red), and lipstick tone(vivid, light, dull, and dark), clothing style(formal, casual), clothing tone(N9, N7, N4, N2) on image formation. Sets of stimulus and response scales(7 point semantic) were used as experimental materials. The stimuli were 128 color pictures manipulated with the combination of eyeshadow color, lipstick color, lipstick tone, clothing style, and clothing tone using computer simulation. The subjects were 768 female undergraduates living in Gyeongnam-do. Image factor of the stimulus was composed of 5 different components, attractiveness, stability, cuteness, visibility, and tenderness. In the 5 image components, clothing style and clothing tone showed independent effect. In the stability, cuteness and visibility, lipstick color showed independent effect. Eyeshadow color and lipstick tone influenced independently on the attractiveness, stability and visibility. In the coordination of achromatic clothing with makeup face, attractiveness image by the coordination of lipstick tone with clothing tone, cuteness image by the coordination of lipstick tone with clothing style or clothing style with clothing tone, visibility image can be produced by the coordination of eyeshadow color with lipstick color.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.29 no.9_10 s.146
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• pp.1207-1218
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• 2005

The purpose of this study is to find out the effect of wearer's body type and clothing type, neutral tone combination on impression formation. The experimental materials developed for this study are a set of stimuli and response scales(The 7-point semantic). the stimuli are 90 pictures manipulated with wearer's body type, clothing type and neutral tone variation by computer simulation. The subjects are 540 female undergraduate students in Kyung-nam. The resulte of this study are as follows : Impression factor of the stimulus consisted of the 5 demensions(tenderness, cuteness, attractiveness, elegance, intrepidity). Wearer's body type had significant effects on all five factors. Especially, it had the strongest effects on attractiveness. Clothing type had significant effects on tenderness, attractiveness, intrepidity. Neutral tone combinations had significant effects on all factors except elegance. In regarding the effect of interaction between each variable, the combination of clothing type and neutral tone combination had significant effects on attractiveness, elegance, intrepidity.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.317-328
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• 2004

The purpose of this study was to identify the effect of three clothing cues(neutral tone, skirt width, and skirt length of dress) on the impressions of females. The experimental materials developed for this study were a set of stimuli and response scales. The stimuli were 20 color pictures manipulated with three clothing cues by drawing. The 7-point scale designed for visual evaluation of impression formation about females included 29 bipolar adjectives. The subjects were 240 undergraduate female students in Chinju city. The results of this study were as follows: By analyzing the impression of female figures by neutral tone, skirt width, and length, five factors including ability.activity, elegance, attractiveness, concentration of attention, and tenderness were identified. Among these factors, ability.activity and elegance were proved to be more important. Each impression of neutral tone with skirt width. length have significant effects on tenderness. Each impression of skirt width.length with neutral tone have significant effects on ability.activity.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Broadcast Engineers Conference
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• 2011.07a
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• pp.528-531
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• 2011

본 논문은 3차원 TV에 있어서, 인간의 색 순응에 근거하여 3차원 재생 방식에서도 2차원 재생 방식의 색상을 재현하기 위한 색상 톤 매핑 연산자를 제안한다. 이를 위하여 각 재생 방식에 따라 동일한 128단계의 무채색 색표를 이용한 색상 요소 입출력 관계 곡선을 측정 및 모델링하였고, 그 오차를 보정하기 위한 색상 톤 매핑 연산자를 도출하였다. 또한 도출된 색상 톤 매핑 연산자에 의한 색 포화 및 색 대비 왜곡을 완화하기 위하여 동적 영역 정규화를 실시하였다. 이를 통해 기존 3차원 영상 대비 10.13dB의 PSNR 개선 효과를 확인 할 수 있었다.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.73-87
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• 2008

The main objective of this research was to investigate the characteristics of achromatic & chromatic color coordination of contemporary female fashion by reviewing 'pre-a-porter Collections' of four collections (i. e. cities) - Paris, Milan, New York, London - from the periods of 2002 S/S to 2006/7 A/W. The data was collected by reviewing 'pre-a-porter Collections' magazine and total 677 observations were made. Statistical analysis of frequency and also qualitative interpretation of achromatic & chromatic color coordination characteristics were completed. The main findings were; (1) The achromatic & chromatic color coordination was identified as one of most used color coordination in contmeporary women's fashion collections. (2) Black and white mainly used for achromatic color, and brown used the most often, then followed by blue, red, yellow, green and the others for chromatic color in achromatic & chromatic coordination of contmeporary women's fashion collections. (3) The characteristics of achromatic & chromatic color coordination of modern women's fashion collections from 2002 S/S to 2006/07 A/W showed various images according to chromatic colors and tone variation. The combination of achromaticand brown color variations produced an intelligent and sophisticated image. The soft or light chromatic color and chromatic color combination projected soft, feminine and subtle feeling, while the combination of vivid or strong chromatic color and achromatic color projected a clean and strong feeling through contrasting tones of clear and bright colors. The chromatic color of deep or dark tone and black combination demonstrated supernatural and gloomy image. (4)In all four collections, Paris showed most use of two color coordination and then followed by Milan, N.Y, and London. N.Y showed higher rate of using achromatic & chromatic color coordination, and then followed by Paris, London and Milan.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.559-572
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• 2010

Color, an important visual cue, can cross-modally affect odor association and odor quality identification Here, this research investigates aspects of the cross-modal associations between color and fragrance in greater depth, delving into the topic of whether the degree-of-association of fragrances with hue and tone of colors varies systematically. For 33 color stimuli (10 hues, 3 tones, and 3 achromatic colors), 67 subjects judged the degree-of-association of four typical fragrance families (fresh, floral, oriental, and woody) on a 7-point scale. The statistical analysis showed that fragrance associations of the all families had characteristic distributions across ten hues of the color stimuli. The cross-modal relationship between color tone (especially, lightness attribute) and fragrance association appeared to be dimensional (e.g. a positive linear relationship between the floral family and the lightness). More specifically, as colors became warmer and brighter, the associated floral scents were stronger, while the woody scents was less associated. Brighter or more vivid cool colors were associated with stronger fresh scents. These findings confirm the systematic existence of synthetic interactions between vision and olfaction in perfumery.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.13 no.6
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• pp.1007-1021
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• 2004

The purpose of this study is to find out the effect of wearers' body types and clothes' neutral tone combination on impression formation. The experimental materials developed for this study are a set of stimulus and response scales(7-point semantic). The stimulus include 45 pictures manipulated by computer simulation in wears' body types and neutral tone variation. The subjects are 540 female undergraduate students in Gyeong-nam. The results of this study are as follows: Impression factor of the stimulus consisted of 5 different dimensions including tenderness, cuteness, attractiveness, elegance, intrepidity. Each impression of neutral tone combinations, along with wears' body types, had a significant effect on tenderness, attractiveness, and intrepidity. Especially, it had the strongest effects on attractiveness. Each impression of wearers' body types along with neutral tone combinations affected cuteness significantly. According to the fact above, wears' body types and neutral tone combination have a significant influence on the impression formation of wearers.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Emotion and Sensibility Conference
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• 2007.05a
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• pp.31-34
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• 2007

본 연구에서는 동일한 이미지에서 유도되는 감성적 반응이 색채의 변화에 영향을 받는가에 대하여 살펴보았다. 특히, 이미지의 어의(semantic) 내용에 전형적으로 연상되는 색채와 상반되는 색(보색)이 색조로 적용될 경우, 이미지에 대한 감성적 반응에 변화가 나타나는가에 중점을 두어 진행하였다. 이를 위해 기쁨(Pleasure)과 각성(Arousal)으로 이루어진 감성 축의 각 사분면에 해당하는 감성 이미지들을 International Affective Picture System(IAPS)에서 5장씩 추출하여 이 미지 자극으로 활용하였다. 선택된 이미지는 내용과 전형적으로 연상되는 색, 보색, 그리고 무채색 톤으로 실험에 사용하였으며 각 이미지에 대한 기쁨과 각성에 대한 감성적 반응은 Self Assessment Manikin(SAM)을 활용하여 측정하였다. 실험 결과 이미지의 내용에서 전형적으로 연상되는 색채의 보색이 이미지의 색조로 적용될 경우 감성적 반응이 소극적으로 나타나는 결과가 관찰되었다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Emotion and Sensibility Conference
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• 2009.05a
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• pp.51-54
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• 2009

다양한 미디어에서 인물과 색채는 가장 중심적인 요소로서 활용되므로 인물의 표정에서 느껴지는 감성과 색채 자극에 대한 감성적 반응에 연구는 심리학 분야에서 각각 심도 있게 연구되어왔다. 본 연구에서는 감성 자극물로서의 얼굴 표정과 색채가 상호 작용을 하였을 때 이에 대한 감성적 반응에 대하여 조사하는데 그 목적이 있다. 즉, 인물의 표정과 배경 색상을 배치하였을 때 인물의 표정에서 느껴지는 감성이 어떻게 변하는지에 관한 실험 연구를 진행하여 이를 미디어에서 활용할 수 있는 방안을 제시하고자 한다. 60명의 피실험자들을 대상으로 진행한 실험연구에서는 Ekman의 7가지의 universal facial expression 중 증오(Contempt)의 표정을 제외한 분노(Anger), 공포(Fear), 역겨움(Disgusting), 기쁨(Happiness), 슬픔(Sadness), 놀람(Surprising) 등의 6가지의 표정의 이미지를 인물의 표정으로 활용하였다. 그리고, 배경 색채로서 빨강, 노랑, 파랑, 초록의 색상들을 기준으로 각각 밝은(light), 선명한(vivid), 둔탁한(dull), 그리고 어두운(dark) 등의 4 가지 톤(tone)의 영역에서 색채를 추출하였고, 추가로 무채색의 5 가지 색상이 적용되었다. 총 120 장(5 가지 얼굴표정 ${\times}$ 20 가지 색채)의 표정에서 나타나는 감성적 표현을 평가하도록 하였으며, 각각의 피실험자는 무작위 순위로 60개의 자극물을 평가하였다. 실험에서 측정된 데이터는 각 표정별로 분류되었으며 배경에 적용된 색채에 따라 얼굴 표현에서 나타나는 감성적 표현이 다름을 보여주었다. 특히 색채에 대한 감성적 반응에 대한 기존연구에서 제시하고 있는 자료를 토대로 색채와 얼굴표정의 감성이 상반되는 경우, 얼굴표정에서 나타나는 감성적 표현이 약하게 전달되었음을 알 수 있었으며, 이는 부정적인 얼굴표정일수록 더 두드러지는 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 현상은 색상과 톤의 경우 공통적으로 나타나는 현상으로서 광고 및 시각 디자인 분야의 실무에서 활용될 수 있다.