• Journal of Korea Game Society
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.43-54
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• 2021

This study deals with the changes in negative emotions a player feels upon defeat according to the intensity of randomness. By changing the interface related to randomness, we checked how the interaction between the user and the game affects the user's experience. The subjects of this study were 30 students of the Dept. of Game Engineering. The research tool used randomness and negative emotion measurement tools. For the experiment, a board game called "12Janggi" was used, and randomness was added to the 'board' and 'piece' of the game. The analysis shows that proper randomness reduces negative emotions, but excessive randomness increases negative emotions. Although randomness can reduce the negative emotion of defeat, it can be seen that it should be applied to the context of the game.

• School Mathematics
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.455-471
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• 2010

Understanding of randomness is essential for learning and teaching of probability and statistics. Understanding of randomness prompts to understand natural and social phenomena from the point of view of mathematics, and plays a role of base in understanding of judgments based on rational interpretation on these phenomena. This study examined whether pre-service teachers recognize this, and they understand randomness included in various contexts. According to results, they did not have a understanding of randomness in the context related to measuring, while they grasped randomness in simple and joint events. This implies that they lack the understanding of variability which is essential in the context of measuring. This study, therefore, suggests that the settings of measuring should be introduced into probability and statistics education, especially that data from measuring should be analyzed focusing on the variability in the data set.

• Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.779-786
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• 2009

Lotto is one of the most popular lottery games in the world. In korea the lotto considers numbers 1, 2,..., 45 from which 6 numbers are drawn randomly, without replacement. The profits from the lotto supports social welfare. However, there has been a suspicion that the choice of the winning numbers might not be random. In this study, we applied the randomness test developed by Coronel-Brizio et al. (2008) to the historical korean lotto data to see if the drawing process is random. The result of our study shows that the process was random during two periods under the management of different business companies and of price changes, respectively.

• Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.58-62
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• 2013

Purpose: Among the numerous clinical researches and following articles, there are few cases that apply proper methodology, which guarantees high reliability. By understanding the right concept and randomization of proper methods, research bias could be minimized. Materials and Methods: By reviewing the recently published articles about randomization, the basic concept and the necessity of applying the technique was described. Then proper methodologies for good randomization such as simple randomization, permuted-block randomization, and stratification were briefly introduced with examples. Results and Conclusion: Randomization lowers the possibility of bias and leads to higher reliability in clinical research. To obtain more reliable research results, understanding the right concept and proposition of proper methodologies of randomization is essential for researchers.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.17 no.12
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• pp.149-158
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• 2012

Proposed is a hybrid randomizing function using two asymptotically optimal randomizing functions: Elias function and Peres function. Randomizing function is an mathematical abstraction of producing a uniform random bits from a source of randomness with bias. It is known that the output rate of Elias function and Peres function approaches to the information-theoretic upper bound. Especially, for each fixed input length, Elias function is optimal. However, its computation is relatively complicated and depends on input lengths. On the contrary, Peres function is defined by a simple recursion. So its computation is much simpler, uniform over the input lengths, and runs on a small footprint. In view of this tradeoff between computational complexity and output efficiency, we propose a hybrid randomizing function that has strengths of the two randomizing functions and analyze it.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.415-421
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• 2014

In this paper, we proposed problem and improvement of halftoning using random space filling curve. Random space filling curve is developed as a solution for shortcoming which space filling curve has self-similarity. It is used to reduce regular pattern can be occurred in constant brightness area in order that randomness apply to scanning path. But there is a problem that some area along scanning path can show too bright result in halftoning using random space filling curve. In this paper, we analyzed cause of problem and proposed single pixel error diffusion as a solution method. This method can avoid over-accumulated error and show better result in halftoning.

• Korean Journal of Logic
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.23-46
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• 2005

The purpose of the paper Is to discuss and estimate early Popper's theory of probability, which is presented in his book, The Logic of of Scientific Discovery. For this, Von Mises' frequency theory shall be discussed in detail, which is regarded as the most systematic and sophisticated frequency theory among others. Von Mises developed his theory to response to various critical questions such as how finite and empirical collectives can be represented in terms of infinite and mathematical collectives, and how the axiom of randomness can be mathematically formulated. But his theory still has another difficulty, which is concerned with the inconsistency between the axiom of convergence and the axiom of randomness. Defending the objective theory of probability, Popper tries to present his own frequency theory, solving the difficulty. He suggests that the axiom of convergence be given up and that the axiom of randomness be modified to solve Von Mises' problem. That is, Popper introduces the notion of ordinal selection and neighborhood selection to modify the axiom of randomness. He then shows that Bernoulli's theorem is derived from the modified axiom. Consequently, it can be said that Popper solves the problem of inconsistency which is regarded as crucial to Von Mises' theory. However, Popper's suggestion has not drawn much attention. I think it is because his theory seems anti-intuitive in the sense that it gives up the axiom of convergence which is the basis of the frequency theory So for more persuasive frequency theory, it is necessary to formulate the axiom of randomness to be consistent with the axiom of convergence.

• The Korean Journal of Applied Statistics
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.115-122
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• 2014

A test for randomness of the binary random sequence is proposed in this paper. The proposed test statistic is based on the mean length of runs distributed with truncated geometric distribution and asymptotically ${\chi}^2_2$-distributed when the size of the sequences is large. A small Monte Carlo simulation compared the size of the test with a significant level as well as evaluated the test power. We applied the proposed method to the sequence of yes or no numbers in Lotto 6/45 and concluded that the randomness of Lotto is retained.

• Journal of the Korean earth science society
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.159-167
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• 2000

We tested the randomness and estimated the degree of concentration for the earthquake occurrence in the Korean Peninsula by using the statistical methods for spatial data. For the randomness test, we applied both of the test statistics based method and the empirical distribution based method to the both of historical and instrumental seismicity data. It was found that the earthquake occurrences for historical and instrumental seismicity data are not random and clustered rather than scattered. A nonparametric density estimation method was used to estimate the concentration degree in the Peninsula. The earthquake occurrences show relatively high concentration on Seoul, Choongnam, Chonbook and Kyungbook areas for the historical seismicity data. Also,'L" shaped concentrations connecting Whanghaedo -the coast of Choongnam -the inland of Kyungbook area are revealed for the instrumental seismicity data.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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• v.23 no.9
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• pp.1163-1171
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• 1999

Superdiffusive transport motions of passive scalars are numerically considered for various advection velocity fields. Calculated exponents ${\alpha}$ in the superdiffusion-defining relation ${\sigma}^2(t){\sim}t^{\alpha}$ for model flow fields agree to the theoretically predicted values. Simulation results show that the superdiffusion takes place as the tracers' motion become less random, compared to their motion at the pure molecular diffusion. Whether the flow field is random or not, degrees of superdiffusion are directly related to the velocity autocorrelation functions along the tracers Lagrangian trajectories that characterize degrees of randomness of the tracers' motion.