• Title/Summary/Keyword: 무인 시스템

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The Intelligent Determination Model of Audience Emotion for Implementing Personalized Exhibition (개인화 전시 서비스 구현을 위한 지능형 관객 감정 판단 모형)

  • Jung, Min-Kyu;Kim, Jae-Kyeong
    • Journal of Intelligence and Information Systems
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    • v.18 no.1
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    • pp.39-57
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    • 2012
  • Recently, due to the introduction of high-tech equipment in interactive exhibits, many people's attention has been concentrated on Interactive exhibits that can double the exhibition effect through the interaction with the audience. In addition, it is also possible to measure a variety of audience reaction in the interactive exhibition. Among various audience reactions, this research uses the change of the facial features that can be collected in an interactive exhibition space. This research develops an artificial neural network-based prediction model to predict the response of the audience by measuring the change of the facial features when the audience is given stimulation from the non-excited state. To present the emotion state of the audience, this research uses a Valence-Arousal model. So, this research suggests an overall framework composed of the following six steps. The first step is a step of collecting data for modeling. The data was collected from people participated in the 2012 Seoul DMC Culture Open, and the collected data was used for the experiments. The second step extracts 64 facial features from the collected data and compensates the facial feature values. The third step generates independent and dependent variables of an artificial neural network model. The fourth step extracts the independent variable that affects the dependent variable using the statistical technique. The fifth step builds an artificial neural network model and performs a learning process using train set and test set. Finally the last sixth step is to validate the prediction performance of artificial neural network model using the validation data set. The proposed model is compared with statistical predictive model to see whether it had better performance or not. As a result, although the data set in this experiment had much noise, the proposed model showed better results when the model was compared with multiple regression analysis model. If the prediction model of audience reaction was used in the real exhibition, it will be able to provide countermeasures and services appropriate to the audience's reaction viewing the exhibits. Specifically, if the arousal of audience about Exhibits is low, Action to increase arousal of the audience will be taken. For instance, we recommend the audience another preferred contents or using a light or sound to focus on these exhibits. In other words, when planning future exhibitions, planning the exhibition to satisfy various audience preferences would be possible. And it is expected to foster a personalized environment to concentrate on the exhibits. But, the proposed model in this research still shows the low prediction accuracy. The cause is in some parts as follows : First, the data covers diverse visitors of real exhibitions, so it was difficult to control the optimized experimental environment. So, the collected data has much noise, and it would results a lower accuracy. In further research, the data collection will be conducted in a more optimized experimental environment. The further research to increase the accuracy of the predictions of the model will be conducted. Second, using changes of facial expression only is thought to be not enough to extract audience emotions. If facial expression is combined with other responses, such as the sound, audience behavior, it would result a better result.

Selective Word Embedding for Sentence Classification by Considering Information Gain and Word Similarity (문장 분류를 위한 정보 이득 및 유사도에 따른 단어 제거와 선택적 단어 임베딩 방안)

  • Lee, Min Seok;Yang, Seok Woo;Lee, Hong Joo
    • Journal of Intelligence and Information Systems
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    • v.25 no.4
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    • pp.105-122
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    • 2019
  • Dimensionality reduction is one of the methods to handle big data in text mining. For dimensionality reduction, we should consider the density of data, which has a significant influence on the performance of sentence classification. It requires lots of computations for data of higher dimensions. Eventually, it can cause lots of computational cost and overfitting in the model. Thus, the dimension reduction process is necessary to improve the performance of the model. Diverse methods have been proposed from only lessening the noise of data like misspelling or informal text to including semantic and syntactic information. On top of it, the expression and selection of the text features have impacts on the performance of the classifier for sentence classification, which is one of the fields of Natural Language Processing. The common goal of dimension reduction is to find latent space that is representative of raw data from observation space. Existing methods utilize various algorithms for dimensionality reduction, such as feature extraction and feature selection. In addition to these algorithms, word embeddings, learning low-dimensional vector space representations of words, that can capture semantic and syntactic information from data are also utilized. For improving performance, recent studies have suggested methods that the word dictionary is modified according to the positive and negative score of pre-defined words. The basic idea of this study is that similar words have similar vector representations. Once the feature selection algorithm selects the words that are not important, we thought the words that are similar to the selected words also have no impacts on sentence classification. This study proposes two ways to achieve more accurate classification that conduct selective word elimination under specific regulations and construct word embedding based on Word2Vec embedding. To select words having low importance from the text, we use information gain algorithm to measure the importance and cosine similarity to search for similar words. First, we eliminate words that have comparatively low information gain values from the raw text and form word embedding. Second, we select words additionally that are similar to the words that have a low level of information gain values and make word embedding. In the end, these filtered text and word embedding apply to the deep learning models; Convolutional Neural Network and Attention-Based Bidirectional LSTM. This study uses customer reviews on Kindle in Amazon.com, IMDB, and Yelp as datasets, and classify each data using the deep learning models. The reviews got more than five helpful votes, and the ratio of helpful votes was over 70% classified as helpful reviews. Also, Yelp only shows the number of helpful votes. We extracted 100,000 reviews which got more than five helpful votes using a random sampling method among 750,000 reviews. The minimal preprocessing was executed to each dataset, such as removing numbers and special characters from text data. To evaluate the proposed methods, we compared the performances of Word2Vec and GloVe word embeddings, which used all the words. We showed that one of the proposed methods is better than the embeddings with all the words. By removing unimportant words, we can get better performance. However, if we removed too many words, it showed that the performance was lowered. For future research, it is required to consider diverse ways of preprocessing and the in-depth analysis for the co-occurrence of words to measure similarity values among words. Also, we only applied the proposed method with Word2Vec. Other embedding methods such as GloVe, fastText, ELMo can be applied with the proposed methods, and it is possible to identify the possible combinations between word embedding methods and elimination methods.

Quality Changes of Cherry Tomato with Different Chlorine Dioxide ($ClO_2$) Gas Treatments during Storage (저장 중 이산화염소 가스의 처리 조건에 따른 방울토마토의 품질변화)

  • Choi, Woo Suk;Ahn, Byung Joon;Kim, Young Shik;Kang, Ho-Min;Lee, Jung-Soo;Lee, Youn Suk
    • KOREAN JOURNAL OF PACKAGING SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
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    • v.19 no.1
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    • pp.17-27
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    • 2013
  • The effects of chlorine dioxide gas ($ClO_2$) treatments between high-concentration-short-time and low-concentration-long-time on maintaining the quality of cherry tomatoes (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. cv 'unicorn') were investigated. Tomatoes were treated with 5 ppm for 10 min and 10 ppm for 3 min as high-concentration-short-time $ClO_2$ gas treatment conditions and 1 ppm for once a day interval in terms of low-concentration-long-time $ClO_2$ gas treatment condition, respectively. After $ClO_2$ gas treatments, tomatoes were storage at 5 and $23^{\circ}C$ for 7 days. Weight loss, changes in tomato color, firmness, soluble solids content, pH, growth of total microorganism, and decay rate were evaluated. On day 7, tomatoes treated with chlorine dioxide gas showed low values of respiratory rate, total microbial growth, and decay rate compared to those of tomato without chlorine dioxide gas treatment. Additionally, tomatoes treated the chlorine dioxide were kept the values of firmness and soluble solids content during storage. However, chlorine dioxide gas treatment on tomatoes had no direct effect on weight loss, pH, and color. Results showed that both $ClO_2$ concentration and treatment time played the important roles for keeping the quality of tomatoes during storage. Tomatoes with chlorine dioxide gas treatment of low-concentration-long-time had more effective values of firmness, the total microbial growth, and decay rate than those with two chlorine dioxide gas treatments of high-concentration-short-time. Results suggest the potential use of chlorine dioxide gas treatment of low-concentration-long-time as an highly effective method for keeping the freshness of cherry tomato.

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Workplace Friendship and Organizational Effectiveness of Dental Hygienists (치과의료기관 근무자들의 프렌드십과 조직효과성 관계 연구)

  • Yoo, Youngsuk;Seo, Youngjoon;Kim, Sungho
    • Journal of dental hygiene science
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    • v.12 no.6
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    • pp.644-651
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    • 2012
  • This study purports to measure the level of work friendship in dental clinic and examines the friendship's effect on the organizational effectiveness. Data were collected from workers who worked in dental clinic located in Seoul and Gyeonggi areas by self-administered questionnaires from early in October till lately in September, 2009 through direct interview and e-mail. Among 250 questionnaires, 240 responses were returned, and 17 copies with an inaccurate answer were excluded. Finally 223 responses were analyzed through SPSS program. The study revealed that the work friendship in dental clinic has enormous influence on job satisfaction, occupational commitment, intent to leave, stress etc. The results imply that the managers of the dental clinics need to create an organizational climate which emphasizes on a good relationship among members and have them take part in various committees or informal activities.

A Comparison of Discriminating Powers between 13 Microsatellite Markers and 37 Single Nucleotide Polymorphism Markers for the Use of Pork Traceability and Parentage Test of Pigs (돼지 개체식별 및 친자감별을 위한 13 microsatellite marker와 37 single nucleotide polymorphism marker 간의 효율성 비교)

  • Lee, Jae-Bong;Yoo, Chae-Kyoung;Jung, Eun-Ji;Lee, Jung-Gyu;Lim, Hyun-Tae
    • Journal of agriculture & life science
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    • v.46 no.5
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    • pp.73-82
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    • 2012
  • Allele information from the analysis of the 13 microsatellite (MS) markers, were classified into the $F_0$, $F_1$ and $F_2$ generations, and probabilities of the same individual emergency in each generation was calculated. As a result, the 13 MS markers showed an estimate of $3.84{\times}10^{-23}$ on the premise of the randomly mated group of $F_2$, which implies that the same individuals may emerge by the use of 37 kinds of SNP markers. In this study, the experimental pigs were intercross between only 2 breeds (Korean native pig and Landrace). In addition, the success rate of paternity tests was analyzed on the whole group, by the use of the 13 MS markers and 37 SNP markers. As regards the exclusionary power of the second parent ($PE_{pu}$), MS markers and SNP markers showed 0.97897 and 0.99149, respectively. In relation to the parent exclusion power of both parent (PE), MS markers and SNP markers showed 0.99916 and 0.99949, respectively. In the case of the estimate to identify parental candidates that had the highest probability ($PNE_{pp}$), the two showed 1.00000 all. The Korean pig industry tends to mass produce hogs with limited numbers of alleles in limited parents. Such being the case, there is a need to organize a marker, for which it is imperative to find markers with high efficiency and high economic feasibility of the characteristics of DNA markers, sample size, the accuracy and expenses of genotyping cost, the manageability of data and the compatibility among analysis systems.

Effect of Packaging Systems with High CO2 Treatment on the Quality Changes of Fig (Ficus carica L) during Storage (저장 중 무화과(Ficus carica L) 선도유지를 위한 고농도 이산화탄소 처리된 포장 시스템 적용 연구)

  • Kim, Jung-Soo;Chung, Dae-Sung;Lee, Youn Suk
    • Food Science and Preservation
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    • v.19 no.6
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    • pp.799-806
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    • 2012
  • This experiment was conducted to establish the optimum conditions for high $CO_2$ gas treatment in combination with a proper gas-permeable packaging film to maintain the quality of fig fruit (Ficus carica L). Among the fig fruits with different high $CO_2$ treatments, the quality change was most effectively controlled during storage in the 70%-$CO_2$-treated fig fruit. Harvested fig fruit was packaged using microperforated oriented polypropylene (MP) film to maintain the optimum gas concentrations in the headspace of packaging for the modified-atmosphere system. MP film had an oxygen transmission rate of about $10,295cm^3/m^2$/day/atm at $25^{\circ}C$. The weight loss, firmness, soluble-solid content (SSC), acidity (pH), skin color (Hunter L, a, b), and decay ratio of the fig fruits were monitored during storage at 5 and $25^{\circ}C$. The results of this study showed that the OPP film, OPP film + 70% $CO_2$, and MP film+70% $CO_2$ were highly effective in reducing the loss rate, firmness and decay occurrence rate of fig fruits that were packaged with them during storage. In the case of using treatments with packages of OPP film and OPP film+70% $CO_2$, however, adverse effects like package bursting or physiological injury of the fig may occur due to the gas pressure or long exposure to $CO_2$. Therefore, the results indicated that MP film containing 70% $CO_2$ can be used as an effective treatment to extend the freshness of fig fruits for storage at a proper low temperature.

Cultivation Demonstration of Paprika (Capsicum annuum L.) Cultivars Using the Large Single-span Plastic Greenhouse to Overcome High Temperature in South Korea (고온기 대형 단동하우스를 이용한 파프리카 품종별 재배실증)

  • Yeo, Kyung-Hwan;Park, Seok Ho;Yu, In Ho;Lee, Hee Ju;Wi, Seung Hwan;Cho, Myeong Cheoul;Lee, Woo Moon;Huh, Yun Chan
    • Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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    • v.30 no.4
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    • pp.429-440
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    • 2021
  • During the growing period, the integrated solar radiation inside the greenhouse was 12.7MJ·m-2d-1, and which was 90% of the average daily global radiation outside the greenhouse, 14.1MJ·m-2d-1. The 24-hour average temperature inside the greenhouse from July to August, which has the highest temperature of the year, was 3.04℃ lower than the outside temperature, and 4.07℃ lower after the rainy season. Before the operation of fog cooling system, the average daily RH (%) was lowered to a minimum of 40% (20% for daytime), making it inappropriate for paprika cultivation, but after the operation of fog system, the daily RH during the daytime increased to 70 to 85%. The average humidity deficit increased to a maximum of 12.7g/m3 before fog supply, but decreased to 3.7g/m3 between July and August after fog supply, and increased again after October. The daytime residual CO2 concentration inside the greenhouse was 707 ppm on average during the whole growing period. The marketable yield of paprika harvested from July 27th to November 23rd, 2020 was higher in 'DSP-7054' and 'Allrounder' with 14,255kg/10a and 14,161kg/10a, respectively, followed by 'K-Gloria orange', 'Volante' and 'Nagono'. There were significant differences between paprika cultivars in fruit length, fruit diameter, soluble solids (°Brix), and flash thickness (mm) of paprika produced in summer season at large single-span plastic greenhouse. The soluble solids content was higher in the orange cultivars 'DSP-7054' and 'Naarangi' and the flesh thickness was higher in the yellow and orange cultivars, with 'K-Gloria orange' and 'Allrounder' being the thickest. The marketable yield of paprika, which was treated with cooling and heating treatments in the root zone, increased by 16.1% in the entire cultivars compared to the untreated ones, increased by 16.5% in 'Nagano', 10.3% in the 'Allrounder', 20.2% in the 'Naarangi', and 17.3% in 'Raon red'.

A Study on Applied to Optimal Diagnostic Device in Portal Vein Visualization: Focused on MRI and CT (간문맥 묘출을 위한 최적의 영상진단 장치에 관한 연구: MRI, CT 중심으로)

  • Goo, Eun-Hoe
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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    • v.13 no.2
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    • pp.217-225
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    • 2019
  • The purpose of this study was to quantitate signal to noise ratio and contrast to noise ratio of the portal vein using CT and 3.0T MRI and to investigate the optimal imaging device. Twenty patients who inspective CT and 3.0T MRI between February 2018 and April 2018 were randomly assigned to receive data from the picture archiving communication system. The SNR and CNR values were evaluated by measuring the mean and standard deviation of the region of interest of the four regions of the portal vein (the main portal vein, the right vein, the left vein, and the middle vein). The results showed that SNR was 9.180.72 in the right context, 9.410.84 in the left context, 9.540.59 in the middle context, 9.550.75 in the order context, and 22.292.03 in the right context and 25.893 in the 3.0T MRI. 19, median context: 24.392.87, and order Mac: 26.642.30 (p<0.05). CNR was 3.790.68 in the CT context, 3.740.65 in the left context, 3.710.39 in the middle context, 3.790.68 in the order context, 9.490.65 in the right context, and 11.0001.90 in the 3.0T MRI, Intermediate context: 12.701.75, order Mac: 10.010.98, 3.0T MRI was higher than CT (p<0.05). In conclusion, SNR and CNR values were higher in the 3.0T MRI than CT in the 4 portal regions. Therefore, 3.0T MRI using non-ionizing radiation was the most superior imaging equipment than CT.

Anti-aging and Anti-inflammatory Activities of the Extracts of Calamagrostis arundinacea (Calamagrostis arundinacea (실새풀) 추출물의 항노화 및 항염증 활성)

  • Jeong, Hea Seok;Lee, Dong Ho;Lee, Min-Sung;Heo, Tae Im;Kim, Dong Kap;Oh, Seung Hwan;Kim, Du Hyeon;Kim, Yeong-Su;Kim, Dae Wook
    • Journal of Life Science
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    • v.31 no.3
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    • pp.298-304
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    • 2021
  • The anti-aging and anti-inflammatory activities of hot-water (Ca-HW) and 70% ethanol (Ca-E70) whole-plant Calamagrostis arundinacea extracts, as well as their bioactive potentials, were investigated using cell-free and cell-mediated experimental systems. Use of the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical decolorization assay to evaluate the antioxidant activity of the Ca-HW and Ca-E70 extracts revealed DPPH radical scavenging activities of 27% and 48%, respectively. Neither extract caused significant cytotoxicity, and both showed cell proliferation and promotion effects using RAW 264.7, B16F10, and CCD986sk cells. B16F10 melanoma cells showed higher melanin synthesis when treated with 100 mg/ml Ca-HW or Ca-E70 than with arbutin, indicating a stronger inhibitory effect of arbutin on melanin synthesis. Ca-HW and Ca-E70 increased pro-collagen biosynthesis in the human fibroblast CCD986-SK cell line by 24.69% and 12.55%, respectively. Analysis of the anti-inflammatory effects of different concentrations of Ca-HW and Ca-E70 in RAW264.7 cells revealed that Ca-E70 appeared to inhibit the lipopolysaccharide-induced production of nitric oxide and IL-6, a proinflammatory cytokine; therefore, Ca-E70 showed an anti-inflammatory effect. These results suggested that C. arundinacea extracts could have skin anti-aging and anti-inflammatory properties.

A Numerical Study on the Characteristics of Flows and Fine Particulate Matter (PM2.5) Distributions in an Urban Area Using a Multi-scale Model: Part II - Effects of Road Emission (다중규모 모델을 이용한 도시 지역 흐름과 초미세먼지(PM2.5) 분포 특성 연구: Part II - 도로 배출 영향)

  • Park, Soo-Jin;Choi, Wonsik;Kim, Jae-Jin
    • Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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    • v.36 no.6_3
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    • pp.1653-1667
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    • 2020
  • In this study, we coupled a computation fluid dynamics (CFD) model to the local data assimilation and prediction system (LDAPS), a current operational numerical weather prediction model of the Korea Meteorological Administration. We investigated the characteristics of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) distributions in a building-congested district. To analyze the effects of road emission on the PM2.5 concentrations, we calculated road emissions based on the monthly, daily, and hourly emission factors and the total amount of PM2.5 emissions established from the Clean Air Policy Support System (CAPSS) of the Ministry of Environment. We validated the simulated PM2.5 concentrations against those measured at the PKNU-AQ Sensor stations. In the cases of no road emission, the LDAPS-CFD model underestimated the PM2.5 concentrations measured at the PKNU-AQ Sensor stations. The LDAPS-CFD model improved the PM2.5 concentration predictions by considering road emission. At 07 and 19 LST on 22 June 2020, the southerly wind was dominant at the target area. The PM2.5 distribution at 07 LST were similar to that at 19 LST. The simulated PM2.5 concentrations were significantly affected by the road emissions at the roadside but not significantly at the building roof. In the road-emission case, the PM2.5 concentration was high at the north (wind speeds were weak) and west roads (a long street canyon). The PM2.5 concentration was low in the east road where the building density was relatively low.