• Journal of Broadcast Engineering
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.21-30
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• 2013

It is a challenging problem to most of the image processing when the light source is unknown. The color of the light source must be estimated in order to compensate color changes. To estimate the color of the light source, additional assumption is need, so that we assumed color distribution according to the light source. If the pixels, which do not satisfy the assumption, are used, the estimation fails to provide an accurate result. The most popular color distribution assumption is Grey-World Assumption (GWA); it is the assumption that the color in each scene, the surface reflectance averages to gray or achromatic color over the entire images. In this paper, we analyze the characteristics of the camera response function, and the effect of the Grey-World Assumption on the pixel value and chromaticity, based on the inherent characteristics of the light source. Besides, we propose a novel method that detects important pixels for the color estimation of the light source. In our method, we firstly proposed a method that gives weights to pixels satisfying the assumption. Then, we proposed a pixel detection method, which we modified max-RGB method, to apply on the weighted pixels. Maximum weighted pixels in the column direction and row direction in one channel are detected. The performance of our method is verified through demonstrations in several real scenes. Proposed method better accurately estimate the color of the light than previous methods.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.77-85
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• 1992

Of the cadmium-tolerant 162 bacterial strains isolated from soils, river waters or active sludges of waste-water disposal plants in the Gyeongnam province a strain C1, which showed considerably higher growth rate in the agar plate containing 2000 ppm than any other strains isolated, was identified as a Pseudomonas putida or its similar strain when analyzed by taxonomical characteristics. Optimum pH and temperature for the growth of the P, putida were 7.0 and $30^{\circ}C$, respectively. This strain was resistant to antibiotics(ampicillin, chloramphenicol and streptomycin), and heavy metals(lithium, cupper, lead and zinc). This strain utilized salicylate, naphthalene or xylene as a sole carbon source. The rate of cadmium accumulation in P. putida cell was enhanced at low concentration of Cd in the growth media. The maximum cadmium absorption by this strain grown in 1 and l0ppm of Cd was respectively 78% and 60% 24 hrs after culture, but in 100 ppm Cd, 40% 48 hrs after culture. Addition of a non-ionic surfactant Triton X-100(0.1%) to the medium enhanced the accumulation of cadmium in the P. putida up to approximately 37%.

• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.421-428
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• 2008

This study was carried out to elucidate the effects of adjuvants on physicochemical properties and pest control efficacy of pesticide spray solution. Spray droplet sizes of pesticide solution decreased by addition of adjuvants even though its effect varied according to the pesticides. The adhesive effect of pesticides sprayed on target crops by addition of adjuvants varied according to the properties, the application methods, and the spray volume of pesticides. Wash-off of the deposited amount of active ingredients of the solution of tricyclazole WP and fenobucarb EC by simulated rainfall after spraying on rice plants dramatically reduced by adding adjuvants. The retained amount of active ingredients of the pesticides were $1.5{\sim}4.1$ times higher than those without adjuvants when subjected to simulated rainfall 6 hours after spraying. Addition of adjuvants to the propanil EC spray solution enhanced the control efficacy in barnyard grass, Echinocloa crus-galli Beauv. by $8{\sim}30%$, which showed a potential to reduce pesticide use.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.54 no.4
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• pp.296-302
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• 2011

Insect-resistant transgenic rice was developed by inserting the mCry1Ac1 a modified gene from the soil bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt). For biosafety assessment, we studied the effects on survival of cantor Daphnia magna, a commonly used as a model organism in ecotoxicological studies. D. magna fed on Bt rice and its near non-genetically modified (GM) counterparts (Nakdong) grown in the same environment (100% ground rice suspension). The Bt rice was comfirmed to have the insertion of T-DNA and protein expression by the polymerase chain reaction and ELISA analysis. Feeding study showed similar cumulative immobility and abnormal response of D. magna between Bt rice and non-GM counterparts. 48 h-$EC_{50}$ values of Bt rice and non-GM rice showed 4,429 and 2,889 mg/L respectively. The rice no observed effect concentration (NOEC) values for D. magna was suggested 1,000 mg/L. We conclude that the tested Bt-rice and Nakdong similar cumulative immobility for D. magna the widely used model organism. We found out that there is strong possibility that the growth of Bt rice didn't affect to non-target insects.

• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.75-83
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• 2017

The single residue analytical method was developed for determining fungicide pencycuron residues in various agricultural commodities with high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Pencycuron residue was extracted with acetone from representative crops such as Korean cabbage, apple, brown rice and green pepper. After ethyl acetate/n-hexane partition and subsequent clean-up with silica gel chromatography, pencycuron residue was quantified by reversed phase HPLC with UV detection at 240 nm. The suspected residue of pencycuron was confirmed using selected-ion monitoring (SIM) LC/mass spectrometry (MS). Instrumental limit of quantitation (ILOQ) and method LOQ (MLOQ) were set at 2 ng and 0.02 mg/kg, respectively. Overall recoveries of pencycuron from different crop samples fortified at three levels (MLOQ, 10MLOQ, 100MLOQ) were 72~108%. This proposed method could be useful as official analytical method for quantification of pencycuron residues in agricultural commodities.

• Korean Journal of Weed Science
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.387-392
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• 1992

For reducing the residual effects of Quinclorac to followed-by crops of paddy rice, three tests by different soil improvers, different cultural performances with tillage and application of composts, and cultivation of different depletion crops were evaluated, respectively. Among seven soil improvers, activated carbon, composts and perlite showed significant promisable feasibility to reduce phytotoxicity of tomato seedlings as affected by Quinclorac residuals, And comparing to untreated check, the application of tillage and composts prior to transplanting of tomato seedling could helpful to reduce Quinclorac residuals in the soil, but tomato and lettuce, most susceptible crops to Quinclorac, were not remarkably protected by those cultural performances. Also among cultivation of depletion crops just after rice harvest, Italian ryegrass, tall fescue, rape and oats engaged to deplete and reduce Quinclorac residuals for tomato seedling growth, however alfalfa and hairy vetch, relatively susceptible plants to Quinclorac were not promisable.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.28-34
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• 1991

This study was carried out to investigate the salt movement in upland soils in reclaimed region (Kye-Hwa Do). The results obtained were summarized as follows : 1. The cation content in ground water increased during time course. but in the case of land-surface water the content was variable, and $K^+$ was lower than that of $Na^+$ and $M^{+2}$. At the L. S. P(Low salinity plot) under rainproof condition, the salinity was directly proportional to soil water content, but at the H. S. P (High salinity plot) the tendency was no reversed. 3. In condition of rainproof, the amount of available phosphorous was higher at the H. S. P than at the L. S. P. 4. Positive correlation was obtained between the soil water content and available phosphorous content at the rainfall plot, but there was no significance at the surface soil of the rainproof plot. 5. SAR (Sodium adsorption ratio) and anion ($Cl^-$, $SO_4{^{2-}}$) contents in soil were repressed in the order of black vinyl>white vinyl>rice straw>control.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.293-301
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• 2004

1. 연구 목적 Fibronectin은 세포외기질의 주요성분인 거대 당단백질로서, 조골세포의 부착과 증식 및 이동능에 중요한 역할을 담당한다고 알려져 있다. 이러한 fibronectin의 조골세포에 대한 영향을 실제 임상에 적용하기 위해서, 전체 fibronectin 단백질을 사용하는 것은 면역학적으로나 경제적으로 많은 단점을 안고 있어서, 유효한 반응단위만을 추출하여 활용하는 것이 바람직한 방법으로 알려져 있다. 이 연구의 목적은 세포부착에 주로 관여하는 fibronectin type III분절 중 10번 도메인이 조골양 세포에 미치는 영향을 전체 fibronectin단백질과 fibronectin type III 7-10 도메인 분절과 비교, 관찰하는 것이다. 2. 연구 방법 사람의 fibronectin을 기초로 한 적절한 primer로서, 유전자 재조합법을 이용하여 fibronectin type III 10 도메인과 fibronectin type III 7-10 도메인 분절을 얻었으며, 전체 fibronectin분자는 상용으로 준비하여 24-well 세포배양 용기에 도포하였다. 배양된 조골양세포(HOS cell)를 $1x10^5$ cells/well의 농도로 각 well에 분주하여 $37^{\circ}C$에서 1시간 배양을 하였다. Cell adhesion assay를 실시하기 위해 10% formaldehyde로 고정시키고 1% Crystal Violet으로 염색하여 광학현미경을 관찰 후 2% SDS를 처리하여 microplate reader기를 이용하여 570nm에서 혼탁정도를 측정하였다. 음성대조군으로는 RPMI 용액을 사용하였다. 동일한 방법을 이용하여 준비된 $35mm^2배양접시에 HOS cell을 $37^{\circ}C$에서 4일간 배양 후, MTS assay를 이용하여 세포 증식도에 미치는 영향을 관찰하였다. 6일째 405nm에서 활성화된 세포에서 분비된 p-nitrophenol을 이용한 alkaline phosphatase activity를 측정하였다. 3. 결과 및 고찰 Fibronectin type III 10 도메인은 HOS cell에 대한 생물학적인 효과면에서, 전체 fibronectin 분자 및 fibronectin type III 7-10 분절과 통계적으로 유사한 세포부착도를 보여주었으며, 세포증식도와 alkaline phosphatse 활성도면에서도 큰 차이가 나타나지 않았다. 이상의 연구결과로 볼 때, fibronectin type III 10 도메인이 조골세포의 증식을 목적으로 사용하는 생체재료의 표면개질 부착물질로 응용할 수 있는 가능성이 있다고 하겠다.

• Journal of Dental Rehabilitation and Applied Science
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.175-185
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• 2018

Purpose: The aim of this clinical study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of a self - applied paint - on whitening gel combined with wrap to increase the effect of a whitening gel and minimize gingival irritation. Materials and Methods: Ninety adult volunteers were randomly treated to a control group and two experimental groups using whitening gel containing 2.8% and 3.0% hydrogen peroxide for 30 persons each. They had used the wrap and whitening gel on maxillary 4 anterior teeth for 30 minutes per day during 2 weeks. Whitening tooth color response was measured by VITA shade guide and ShadeEye $NCC^{(R)}$. And side effects were assessed from interview and intraoral examination. The efficacy and safety evaluations were statistically analyzed. Results: In the evaluation with VITA shade guide, there was significantly the whitening effect in experimental groups compared with the control group. In the evaluation with ShadeEye $NCC^{(R)}$, the 3.0% experimental group showed significantly the whitening effect compared to the control group and the 2.8% experimental group (P < 0.05). There were some complaints of minor side effects, but there did not find abnormal symptoms of the gingival stimulation in all groups. Conclusion: A self - applied paint - on whitening gel combined with wrap can be used as a useful self-whitening material because the whitening effect increases as the concentration of hydrogen peroxide from 2.8% to 3.0% and also no significant side effects are observed.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.29-37
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• 2008

This study was evaluated the oxidative stability of the breast and leg meat from chicken fed extract of medicinal herb mix (Lonicera japonica Thunberg : Morus alba L. : Coptis chinensis = 48.5 : 48.5 : 3.0%) and antibiotics (Albac G150). Ross chickens were divided into three treatments: basal diet (control), basal diet with antibiotics (0.05%) and basal diet with extract of medicinal herb mix (0.3%). They were fed the experimental diets for 35 days and slaughtered. After that, the breast and leg meat samples were stored at $4^{\circ}C$ for 10 days. Total phenol content of breast meat in Ross chicken fed extract of medicinal herb mix was higher than that of antibiotics treatment and control during storage. DPPH radical scavenging activity was the highest in leg meat of Ross chicken fed extract of medicinal herb mix at 0 day. $ABTS^+$ reduction activity was higher in chicken meat fed extract of medicinal herb mix than antibiotics treatment and control. This results showed that the diet with extract of mixed medicinal herb was more effective in oxidative stability of chicken meat than basal diet and diet with antibiotics.