• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2015.05a
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• pp.115-115
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• 2015

국내 물관련 건설 및 설비 업체를 대상으로 하는 설문조사 및 인터뷰 결과 국내 물 관련 기업들의 해외진출 시 가장 큰 애로사항은 해외경험 직원의 부족으로 나타났다. 해외사업 확대를 위해서는 고부가가치 업무를 수행할 수 있는 고급기술자와 관리 인력의 양성이 시급하며, 특히 건설사업관리(CM, PM)나 설계/엔지니어링을 담당할 고급 기술 인력의 양성이 필요한 것으로 조사되었다. 경쟁력있는 글로벌 기술 관리 인력의 양성은 정부의 주도하에 기존의 물 관련 기관의 교육프로그램 통합 운영 및 내실있는 전문 수자원 대학원 운영 등 장기적인 정책적인 지원이 필수적이다. 또한 현재 해외 물시장 정보 수집의 활성화를 위하여 국토교통부, K-water, 해외건설협회 등이 연계한 물 산업 전담 정보시스템 구축과 중점 수출대상국 선정 후 대상국에 해외지부 운영 등이 필요할 것이다. 금융지원과 관련하여 해외건설 금융지원 강화를 위한 글로벌 인프라펀드 조성, 해외건설 보증한도 확대 등이 필요하며, 'EDCF 등 공적금융의 물산업 지원 확대 등 재정지원을 위한 정부의 적극적인 역할 역시 중요하다. 해외 물시장 진출을 위해서는 국내 물기업들의 역량을 결집하는 것이 필요하며, 이를 위해서는 효율적인 공공 민간 협의체의 설립 및 운영이 이루어져야 한다. 전 세계적으로 물 산업은 높은 공공성과 함께토탈 솔루션 역량이 중시되고 있으며, 이런 시장환경에 부응하여 네덜란드, 독일 등 물산업 수출 강국은 자국의 물관련 분야를 결집하는 워터 파트너십을 설립하여 국제사회에서 위상과 세계시장 점유율을 동시에 높여가고 있는 실정이다. 이들 국가 워터파트너십의 공통적인 설립 목적은 궁극적으로 자국 물 관련 산업, 국가 브랜드 및 이니셔티브와 관련되는 국제협력, 정책 분야 등의 결집이다. 다시 말해서 정부가 주축이 되어 관 산 학 연 기관간의 정보제공, 협력 등을 도모하고 있으며 이 네트워크의 구심점 역할 및 촉진은 자국의 워터파트너십이 맡고 있는 것이다. 해외 물 시장 확대를 도모하고 있는 우리나라도 국가차원의 장기적이고 지속적인 해외 물산업 네트워크 구축을 위해서는 정부-공기업-민간기업 등의 협력을 토대로 한 Korea Water Partnership을 조속히 설립하는 것이 필요하다. 이를 위해서는 국토부, 환경부 등 물 관련 부처는 물론 글로벌 네트워크를 구축하고 있는 외교부, 무역협회 등 유관기관의 정보 연계 및 협조 체계 역시 필요하다. 정부부처 차원의 조직은 국제 정치 아젠다(agenda)에 중대한 영향을 줄 수 있으며, 경쟁적 우위와 유사기관 간의 정보와 네트워킹의 공유를 보다 원활하게 할 수 있기 때문이다. Korea Water Partnership에서는 한국이 보유하고 있는 선진 수자원기술 및 경험을 해외에 소개하고, 정부 및 민간 기업들의 물 산업 수출역량을 적극적으로 피력할 수 있는 기회를 마련하며, 국제사회에서 물 강국으로서 한국의 위상을 높일 수 있는 홍보 마케팅 창구로서의 역할을 기대할 수 있을 것이다.

• Journal of Korea Port Economic Association
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.161-180
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• 2018

Environmental value is essential to the survival and development of humans. Environmental value and its importance are being emphasized, and related disputes are being expanded. The concept of green logistics is understood to be the same as that of the environment. As a way to preserve nature and engage in sustainable development, green logistics includes all logistical activities for protecting nature and minimizing or reducing behaviors that harm the environment for all processes, including using and reusing products and abolishing the search for resources by final users. All areas of human activity, such as the political, economic, social, and cultural sectors, strive to protect and preserve the environment and nature. In particular, the preservation of the environment shall be stressed in the economic activities that produce various products and expand the value added, and similarly for the social aspects. Green (environment) logistics aims to protect the environment and expand the prevention of environmental destruction and minimization on Earth. Some important cases and experiences that were introduced and applied in major countries are summarized. This research reviewed previous studies and the concepts of green logistics, including at ports, which represent a key sector of logistical activities. In this paper, air and water pollution at Incheon Port were investigated, and alternatives and system figures related to improving environmental logistics regarding three dimensions-country, company, and civil society-are recommended.

• Journal of Korea Port Economic Association
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.135-149
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• 2016

This study analyzes the concentration ratios (CR) and the shift effect in the system of Korean container ports that concern the export and import of container cargos, especially from/to 5 overseas origin/destination (O/D) regions, using the Hirshmann-Herfindahl Index (HHI) and the Shift-Share Method. The results shows that the CR has decreased during the last 20 years, from 0.86 to 0.44, mainly because cargos from/to the Far-East/South-East Asian regions have become more dispersed to several domestic container ports, especially from the Port of Busan. This study also indicates that there has been little change in the CR for all cargos, like the value of -0.3%, in the last 5 years. However the change in CRs for the cargos from/to the North America and Europe is positive, with the value of 7.6% and 6.6%, respectively. It can be inferred that the future development of medium- and small-sized container ports in Korea is not very likely. The study also suggests that the CR and the shift effect of the Korean container ports for the cargos by the domestic O/D regions should be analyzed in the future to suggest policy implications in great detail.

• Journal of Korea Port Economic Association
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.183-206
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• 2009

The purpose of this study is to suggest the new strategies for strengthening the competi tiveness of Incheon port. To measure the calling factors and satisfaction of ports, this study developed a list of 24 items using a seven-point Likert scale through the previous literature reviews, pilot test and emerging factors. Factor analysis, regression analysis, one sample T-test, IPA and SPSS were conducted to verify the determinants choosing ports and customer satisfaction. The result of an empirical study revealed that the cargo volume and information system, etc. in Incheon port was evaluated as satisfied factors and berth availability and port charge, etc. as dissatisfied factors. Based on the outcomes of this study, to strengthen the competitiveness of Incheon port, several strategies were advised such as the inducement of North American and European cargo, port infrastructure, dedicated terminal and GTO inducement, hinterland construction, logistics companies inducement and cooperation with neighboring ports.

• Journal of Korea Port Economic Association
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.19-30
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• 2021

The 21st Century Maritime Silk Road (MSR) is an important part of Belt and Road Initiative(BRI). As an economic and trade corridor for dozens of countries in Asia, Europe and Africa, and the port as an important link node, the efficiency of port operation directly affects the implementation of BRI's strategy. On the basis of combining BRI and related evaluation methods of port efficiency, this paper uses DEA-BCC model to select port production berth number and production berth length as input index container throughput and cargo throughput as output index to analyze the port efficiency of 14 ports in China. The results show that: (1) The overall efficiency level of the ports along the MSR is relatively low. Most of the ports have not reached the DEA efficiency and there are different degrees of problems in scale investment and technological improvement. However, this situation is accompanied by the implementation of China's maritime cooperation strategy and becoming better year by year. (2) The low operating efficiency of ports along China's MSR is mainly due to the lack of coordination between scale efficiency and technical efficiency, which is caused by insufficient scale investment in the port itself, weak economic linkage between the hinterland and the port, (3) Whether a port has a strong comprehensive strength does not entirely depend on the cargo throughput or scale but also includes the port's operating efficiency.

• Journal of Korea Port Economic Association
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.71-85
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• 2021

A variety of methods have been proposed through a number of studies on sophisticated demand forecasting models that can reduce logistics costs. These studies mainly determine the applicable demand forecasting model based on the pattern of demand quantity and try to judge the accuracy of the model through statistical verification. Demand patterns can be broadly divided into regularity and irregularity. A regular pattern means that the order is regular and the order quantity is constant. In this case, predicting demand mainly through regression model or time series model was used. However, this demand is called "intermittent demand" when irregular and fluctuating amount of order quantity is large, and there is a high possibility of error in demand prediction with existing regression model or time series model. For items that show intermittent demand, predicting demand is mainly done using Croston or HOLTS. In this study, we analyze the demand patterns of various items of air cargo with intermittent patterns and apply the most appropriate model to predict and verify the demand. In this process, intermittent optimal demand forecasting model of air cargo is proposed by analyzing the fit of various models of air cargo by item and region.

• Journal of Korea Port Economic Association
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.197-215
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• 2021

This paper analyzes the machine learning predictions of the economic effects of Busan's strategic industries on the employment and income using the Ridge Regression and Lasso Regression models with regulation terms. According to the Ridge estimation and Lasso estimation models of employment, the intelligence information service industry such as the service platform, contents, and smart finance industries and the global tourism industry such as MICE and specialized tourism are predicted to influence on the employment in order. However, the Ridge and Lasso regression model show that the future transportation machine industry does not significantly increase the employment and income since it is the primitive investment industry. The Ridge estimation models of the income show that the intelligence information service industry and global tourism industry are also predicted to influence on the income in order. According to the Lasso estimation models of income, four strategic industries such as the life care, smart maritime, the intelligence machine, and clean tech industry do not influence the income. Furthermore, the future transportation machine industry may influence the income negatively since it is the primitive investment industry. Thus, we have to select the appropriate economic objectives and priorities of industrial policies.

• Journal of Korea Port Economic Association
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.93-108
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• 2019

Recently, air pollution from the marine ports has become a serious issue all over the world. Because marine trade accounts for 99.7% of Korea's trade, efforts are required to recognize the level of port pollution and establish environmental policies. This study estimates air pollution emitted during the berthing process in the Gwangyang and Ulsan ports. Data on ship activity and characteristics are collected and reasonable methodologies and factors from EEA and EPA are adopted. The results show that 253.09 tons of CO, 1986.61 tons of NOx, 684.01 tons of SOx, 47.88 tons of $PM_{10}$, and 44.69 tons of $PM_{2.5}$ are emitted at the Gwangyang port. Further, the Ulsan port emitted 212.28 tons of CO, 1712.54 tons of NOx, 573.72 tons of SOx, 40.16 tons of $PM_{10}$, and 37.48 tons of $PM_{2.5}$. A stage-by-stage plan for installing AMP infrastructure is suggested as part of a green port policy. This research provides the current pollution status and contributes guidelines for the direction of future policy.

• Journal of Korea Port Economic Association
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.1-20
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• 2019

This study aims to establish a method for activating Korean ship finance through an analysis on the development of Chinese ship finance market, which has grown rapidly in recent years. It focuses on its main institutions, laws and policies, strengths and weaknesses, market share, and development status. Because 80.7% of South Korea's economy depends upon foreign trade and 99.7% of the South Korea's traded volume is transported by ships, shipping has assumed an important role in Korean economy. However, since the global financial crisis, Korean shipping and shipbuilding industry has been facing difficulties and Hanjin, the biggest Korean shipping company, went bankrupt in 2017. One of the key aspects of the competitiveness of the shipping and shipbuilding industry is acquiring competitive shipping assets; therefore, stable and smooth supply of ship finance is crucial for the development of the shipping and shipbuilding industry. Given this background, the study analyzed how the Chinese ship finance market has grown rapidly in the past 30 years and identified the problems, strengths, and weaknesses of the Chinese ship finance. The analysis on the status of the Chinese ship finance market is expected to suggest a direction for establishing methods for activating the Korean ship finance market, which is facing scarcity of finance, even as the global ship finance market has remained depressed since the global financial crisis. Although this study focused exclusively on the Chinese market, future research can draw conclusions from a comparative analysis that includes the Japanese ship finance market; the conclusions obtained would contribute to the establishment of long-term policies and plans for Korean ship finance.

• Journal of Korea Port Economic Association
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.77-92
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• 2019

As China's economic growth pole has shifted from the coastal area to the Midwest and the inland since the beginning of 2000, construction of China's inland ports was promoted in the coastal area. The inland port functions as offshore port, thereby streamlining import and export logistics and customs clearance and so on. The purpose of this study is to identify the competitiveness and potential of China's inland ports via functional and geographical classification, as well as SWOT-PEST analysis. According to the results of the study, inland ports can be functionally categorized as sea port-based, industrial-based, distribution-based and customs clearance-based. The majority of the sea port-based inland ports are located in the eastern part of China while industry-based and distribution-based inland ports are situated in the Midwest. On contrast, the inland ports in Northwest mainly perform the function of customs clearance to promote international trade with neighbouring countries. The inland ports in the eastern region have high competitiveness owing to a large volume of international trade in the region, whereas those in the Midwest have high potential. The 'One Belt to One Road' initiative proposed by the Xi's Government is expected to play a significant role in promoting the development of inland ports in the Midwest and border areas.