• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Dyers and Finishers Conference
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• 2012.03a
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• pp.42-42
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• 2012

팥에 함유되어있는 색소와 관련된 연구 중에서는, 검정팥의 색소성분을 분리하여 delphinidin-3-glucoside(D-3-G)로 보고한 Sasanuma의 연구와 검정팥 껍질속에 포함된 안토시아닌의 함량을 평가한 Yoshida의 연구 결과 등이 있다. 본 연구에서는 검정팥 종피에서 색소를 추출하여, 적정 염색조건을 설정하였으며, 매염제별 색상변화 및 견뢰도를 측정하는 과정을 통해 염색 특성을 파악하여 새로운 천연염재로서의 활용 가능성을 진단하였을 뿐만 아니라 응용 연구를 위한 기초자료의 확보에 주안점을 두었다. pH에 따른 염색성에서는 견직물의 경우 pH 4에서 가장 염착량이 많았고, 면직물의 경우에는 주어진 범위내에서는 pH가 높을수록 염착량이 많았다. 염색온도와 시간에 따른 염색성은, 견직물의 경우, 염색온도 $80^{\circ}C$에서는 시간이 경과할수록 K/S 값이 크게 나타났으며, 면직물의 경우도 견직물과 비슷한 결과로 온도가 높아질수록 염색시간이 경과될수록 K/S 값이 크게 나타났다. 견직물에 대한 매염제 종류별 표면색의 변화에서는 Fe 매염포만 $YR{\rightarrow}Y$ 로 변화되었을 뿐 다른 매염제에서는 매염 후에도 색상 변화는 크지 않았다. 매염처리 전 견직물의 일광 견뢰도는 무매염이 4~6등급, Al 처리포는 4~5등급, Cu와 Sn은 3~4등급으로 나타났고 Fe는 2~3등급으로 가장 낮게 나타났으며, 세탁견뢰도에서는 무매염 2등급, 매염제 처리의 경우 2~3등급으로 나타났다. 무매염 면직물의 일광견뢰도는 1~2 등급, Fe 매염은 2~3등급, Cu 2등급 Al과 Sn은 1~2등급으로 매염처리에 의해 전혀 개선되지 않았으며, 세탁견뢰도의 경우 Cu매염이 4등급으로 양호하게 나타났으며 무매염, Al, Sn과 Fe는 3등급으로 나타났다.

• Current Research on Agriculture and Life Sciences
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.76-81
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• 2012

In this study the natural colorant was extracted from black bean seed coat in aqueous solution and used to dye silk and cotton fabrics. To obtain the optimal dyeing conditions it was examined at various dyeing condition (temperature, pH, time and liquor ratio). The dyeing behavior and the depths of shade which were evaluated in terms of K/S and CIELAB color difference values of the dyed and mordanted fabrics were also investigated. The dyeing fastness evaluated standard light and wash fastness tests. The obtained results were as follows ; The most K/S value of silk and cotton fabrics were obtained when the pH was 4.0 and 4.8, respectively and it increased slightly with dyeing time passes when the dyeing temperatures were at $40^{\circ}C$ and $60^{\circ}C$ but, it increased at $80^{\circ}C$. The color of silk fabrics changed from yellowish red to yellow at only Fe mordanting among various mordanting. Sn and Ti mordanting of silk fabric and only Ni mordanting of cotton fabric increased the $L^*$ values, but the others decreased. The light fastness of silk fabrics showed 4-6 grade without mordant, 4-5 grade with Al, 3-4 grade with Cu and Sn, and 2-3 grade with Fe as mordant, and that of cotton fabrics showed 1-2 grade without mordant, 2-3 grade with Fe, 2 grade with Cu, 1-2 grade with Al and Sn as mordants. All mordanting coluld not improve the light fastness of fabrics. Washing fastness(fade) of silk fabrics showed 2 grade without mordants and 2-3 grade with mordants and those of cotton fabrics showed 4 grade with Cu, 3 grade without mordant and with Al, Sn and Fe. All of the washing fastness(stain) of both fabrics showed 4-5 grade.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.16 no.12
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• pp.593-602
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• 2018

The purpose of this study was to investigate the coloring properties of non-mordant dyes by examining local literature on silk fabric dyeing using red-colored natural dyes. Natural dyes can be prepared from the following 8 materials: purple-fleshed sweet potato, Impatiens balsamina, mulberry, fruits of Ligustrum japonicum Thunb, guava leaves, dansam, hibiscus flowers, and pruned branches of Prunus persica. To examine the surface color calculated $L^*$, $a^*$, $b^*$, ${\Delta}E^*$, and K/S value and H V/C. The variables considered in the dyeing experiment were dye concentration, dyeing temperature, dyeing time, and number of dyeing iterations, which were varied to evaluate the dyeing properties and color characteristics. As a result, the abovementioned variables, dye affinity, and red color expression were directly proportional to one another. In this study, it was found that red coloring can be obtained with natural dyes; moreover, excellent dyeing was achieved without the need for repeated dyeing or mordanting processes, which cause environmental pollution.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.186-193
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• 2005

This study was conducted to clarify the effects of different natural mordants and mordanting methods on the dyeing degree of silk using extracts from Coreopsis drummondii. Surface colors were shown as an order of descent Y in control, and an order of descent Y and YR treated by mordants. Extracts from Coreopsis drummondii was sufficient for the natural dyestuffs. $10\%,\;20\%\;and\;30\%$ mordants made from lime-juice of Camellia japonica, oyster shells. and Symplocos chinensis (Lour) Druce for. pilosa (Nakai) Ohwi were used for the dyeing of silk. Surface color of silk was not affected by the concentration of mordants and mordanting methods, however, $20\%$ mordant was suitable for the dye coloring. It was shown that dye coloring concentrations were highly in the order of mordanting later > mordanting ahead > co-mordanting, and so on. Silks were naturally dyed by the extracts from Coreopsis drummondii, and twenty-nine kinds of natural mordants were treated and screened. Surface color of silk was shown as an order of descent YR treated by the mordants made from the lime-juice of Camellia japonica and Eurya japonica, and as an order of descent Y by the other mordants. By the treatment of natural mordants, concentrations of dye coloring were significantly increased compared with control (none-mordanting), and the potentials as a natural mordant for the effective dye coloring was sufficiently ascertained.

• Conservation Science in Museum
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• v.11
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• pp.61-72
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• 2010

This is the analysis of material dyed with Korean yellow dyes such as tumeric, amur cork tree, goldthread, gardenia, and the flowers of sophora japonica using nondestructive ultraviolet-visible and fluorescence spectrophotometry. In order to find out whether type of fabric or mordant influences analysis results, test fabrics were made using two types of fabric(silk and cotton) and dyed using three different mordants(no mordant, alum, iron). After analysis with UV-Vis reflectance spectrum on the dyed fabric, when the fabric was dyed with tumeric, amur cork tree and goldthread, the results were similar with no mordant and alum mordant, whereas there was a difference with an iron mordant. Also when the fabric was dyed using gardenia, different fabrics brought different results but there was no difference in results with mordants. On the other hand, when the fabric was dyed using the flowers of sophora japonica, there was no difference with fabrics but with mordants. After analysis with 3D-fluorescence spectrum, fabrics dyed with tumeric, amur cork tree and goldthread showed their own fluorescent spectrum with no regard to fabric and mordant; but with gardenia, there were differences with different fabrics whereas with the flowers of sophora japonica, there were differences with mordants.

• Journal of the Korea Fashion and Costume Design Association
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.35-50
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• 2001

The object of this study is to improve the adsorption of dye for gromwell. Dye was from gromwell first soaked in methylol and added the distilled water, using same amount of methylol. The fabrics used for the experiments were cotton, silk and acrylics(KS0905). These were used untreated and pretreated with chitosan, premordanted with Cu, Al and Fe. Dyeing conditions were controlled. 1. Deep color effect was shown silk. 2. Chitosan treated cotton and acrylics showed deep color effect and huge color difference before and after the experiment. 3. In chitosan treated acrylics, deep color effect were shown. It proved the good adsorption of gromwel under metal mordanting. 4. Cu showed high adsorption of gromwell and deep color effect. 5. Chitosan treated acrylics can be substitute for wool.

• Conservation Science in Museum
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• v.12
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• pp.9-17
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• 2011

This study examined non-destructive UV-Vis spectrophotometry as well as 3-D fluorescence spectrophotometry of textile that made use of red dye such as Sappan wood, madder, Safflower, Gromwell. The authors produced two textile specimen that were dyed by not only two kinds of textile (cotton and silk) but also three kinds of mordanting (no-mordanting, alumen and iron), and they investigated effects of each dye material upon investigation results. At analysis with UV-Vis spectrophotometry of dyed textile specimen, dyeing made by sappan wood, madder and gromwell had significant difference depending upon mardant regardless of kinds of textile, and safflower had no significant difference depending upon textile and mordant. At analysis with 3D-fluorescence spectrophotometry, specimen dyed with sappan wood had difference with mordants, and with madder, there were difference with textiles, and safflower had inherent fluorescence spectrum regardless of textiles and mordants, while gromwell had no fluorescence spectrum.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.143-154
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• 2018

This study was performed in order to suggest useful data for color planning of eco-friendly and sensible fashion products. Silk fabrics were dyed in combination with natural indigo and Japanese pagoda tree and were treated with four kinds of mordants after combination dyeing. Then, their colorimetric properties were evaluated. From these composite-dyed silk fabrics, color sensibilities and color preferences of green yellow (GY) color were evaluated among the female university students, and thus, the influences of colorimetric properties and color sensibilities on color preferences were analyzed. When the silk fabrics were dyed in the combination of natural indigo and Japanese pagoda tree and were treated without mordants, they turned green color when indigo 10 g/L was used, and blue-green when indigo 20 g/L was added. And when they were dyed in combination of natural indigo and Japanese pagoda tree and were treated with four kind of mordants after combination dyeing, they turned GY color in almost all cases. The color sensibilities of the GY silk fabrics with the combination dyeing of indigo and Japanese pagoda tree, were classified into three factors: pleasantness, gracefulness, and comfort. Color sensibility factors showed significant differences according to the concentration of indigo and the kinds of mordants. There were almost significant relationships between colorimetric properties and color sensibilities factors of compositely dyed GY silk fabrics. The color preferences of the GY fabrics, which were dyed in the combination of using natural indigo and Japanese pagoda tree and four kinds of mordants, were found to be predicted by the color sensibility in a regression model.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Dyers and Finishers Conference
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• 2011.11a
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• pp.36-36
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• 2011

안개나무 목질부의 열수추출물을 사용하여 한지를 염색하였다. 안개나무 목질부의 추출물을 동결건조하여 만든 염료 분말을 사용하여 제조한 0.0002%(wt) 농도의 염액은 198 nm에서 0.39의 흡광도를 278 nm 에서 0.10의 흡광도를 가지는 자외가시광선 흡수 피크를 나타내었으며 무매염으로도 한지에 염색이 잘 되었다. 염색된 한지는 황색 계열의 색을 나타내었으며, 명반 매염을 하면 $a^*$ 값과 $b^*$ 값이 동시에 증가하여 주황색을 띠는 것을 알 수 있고, 초산동 매염을 하면 $a^*$ 값이 증가하지만 $b^*$ 값이 감소하여 적색을 좀 더 많이 띠게 되었다. 염화철 매염을 하면 $b^*$ 값만 크게 감소하여 녹색계열의 색을 나타내었다. 닥섬유에 염색시 온도가 증가함에 따라서 염착량은 감소하는 경향을 보였고, 양이온화 섬유를 사용하면 염착량이 크게 향상되나, $a^*$값이 더 크게 증가하여 색상이 적황색으로 변하였다. 표면 전하밀도와 염착량은 정비례의 관계를 나타내었으며, 양이온화 정도가 높아질수록 제조한 색한지의 광견뢰도는 악화되었다.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.414-420
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• 2009

We dyed traditional Korean hand-made papers (Hanji) with colorants extracted from fruits of Alnus japonica to investigate the effect of various dyeing factors (mordant, dye concentration and dyeing assistant) on colors, K/S values and light fastness of the dyed Hanji. The dyed hanji had brown color. The K/S value of dyed Hanji was increased by mordanting with alum and copper acetate. $a^*$ and $b^*$ value of dyed Hanji was decreased slightly by mordanting with alum and Iron(II) chloride. The K/S value and $b^*$ of dyed Hanji increased with increasing concentration of dye, but $L^*$ value of dyed Hanji decreased. The K/S value of dyed Hanji was also increased by fixing agent. When Hanji was mordanted with Iron(II) chloride and was not mordanted, use of fixing agent resulted in greater increase of K/S value. Use of fixing agent resulted in poor light fastness. When fixing agent was used, mordanting with copper acetate resulted in smaller color difference than mordanting with alum after aging test.