• Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.125-134
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• 2003

In this study, Mooney-Rivlin 1st model and Mooney-Rivlin 3rd model are adopted as strain energy density functions of the rubber compounds of a radial tire. It is shown that the FE analysis using Mooney-Rivlin models for rubber compounds may provide good approximations by employing the appropriate strain range of experimental stress-strain data in a way to describe the stress-strain relationship accurately. Especially, Mooney-Rivlin 3rd model gives an accurate stress-strain relationship regardless of the fitting strain range used within the strain of 100%. The static nonlinear FE analysis of a tire inflation is performed by employing an axisymmetric model, which shows that the outside shapes of the tire before and after inflating the tire agree well with those of the real tire. Additionally, the deformations at crown center and turning point on sidewall, distribution of belt cord force, interlaminar shear strain are predicted in terms of variation of belt cord angle which is known as the most influential factor in inflation behavior of a tire.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.36-44
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• 2005

Nowadays, various kind of rubber-like materials are used in industry. These are usually installed in automobiles, trains, etc. They work as dampers or important parts in the system, and the applications for rubber-like materials are increasing. In the past days, rubber engineers and designers predicted rubber material behaviors by the analytic method for limited problems. With the progress of digital computers, Finite Element Methods is widely used for analyzing the rubber-like materials. The popular methods predicting rubber material property are curve fitting and least square method, but there are some problems such as low precision and tedious solving process. Here, we introduce a method estimating rubber material property by successive zooming genetic algorithm(SZGA). The proposed algorithm offers more precise rubber property. To demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm, we compared this method with Haines & Wilson's method, MARC, ABAQUS.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.121-131
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• 1998

This paper applies the FE analysis procedure, developed in the Part I of the companion article, to the three-dimensional rubber pad deformation during rubber-pad forming process. Effects of different algorithms corresponding to incompressibility constraint and time integration methods on numerical solution responses are investigated. Laboratory scale experiments support the validity of the developed FE procedure an demonstrate the accuracy of the numerical models. Full scale model responses are also predicted using the reasonable method and parameters obtained in laboratory modeling.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.111-120
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• 1998

This paper is the first one of two-parted research efforts focusing on the modeling of rubber pad forming process. The rubber pad, driven by the pressurized fluid during the forming process, pushes the sheet metal to solid tool half and forms a part to final shape. In this part of the paper, a numerical procedure for the FE analysis of the rubber pad deformation is presented. The developed three-dimensional FE model is based on the total Lagrangian description of rubber maerial characterized by nearly incompressible hyper-elastic behavior under a large deformation assumption. Validity of the model as well as effects of different algorithms corresponding to incompresibility constraints and time integration methods on numerical solution responses are also demonstrated.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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• v.27 no.10
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• pp.1667-1675
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• 2003

This paper has considered the calculation of lateral stiffness of radial tire's sidewall, which consists of cord stiffness and rubber sheet stiffness, by using the material constants of rubber compounds of tire. We have suggested and illustrated how to calculate the rubber sheet lateral stiffness by considering the following aspects. First, the rubber sheet consists of various kinds of rubber compounds with different thickness along the sidewall in the radial direction. Secondly, equivalent Young's modulus of the rubber sheet can be calculated by using available experimental data of rubber compounds. The present method enables us to divide the calculation domain as many as we want, which can reduce numerical error in the calculation of geometrical and mechanical properties. We have illustrated the calculation by using the data of the radial tire for passenger car of P205/60R15.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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• v.26 no.10
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• pp.2044-2051
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• 2002

In this paper, the deformed shape, the contact forces and the load-displacement curves of the real hollow gasket made of silicon rubber are analyzed using a commercial finite element program MARC. In the numerical analysis, the silicon rubber is assumed to have the properties of the geometric and material nonlinearity and the incompressibility, and the hyperelastic constitutive relations of that material are represented by the generalized Mooney-Rivlin and Ogden models. The outer frictional contact between the hollow gasket and the groove of rigid container and the inner self-contact of the hollow gasket are taken into account in the course of numerical computation. Experiments are also performed to obtain the material data for numerical computation and to show the validity of the mechanical deformation of the hollow gasket, resulting in good agreements between them.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
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• v.15 no.9
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• pp.117-126
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• 1998

For investigating rubber pad sheet metal forming process, the rubber pad deformation characteristics as well as the contact problem of rubber pad-sheet metal has been analyzed. In this paper, the behavior of the rubber deformation is represented by hyper-elastic constitutive relations based on a generalized Mooney-Rivlin model. Finite element procedures for the two-dimensional responses, employing total Lagrangian formulations are implemented in an implicit form. The volumetric incompressibility condition of the rubber deformation is included in the formulation by using penalty method. The sheet metal is characterized by elasto-plastic material with strain hardening effect and analyzed by a commercial code. The contact procedure and interface program between rubber pad and sheet metal are implemented. Inflation experiment of circular rubber pad identifies the behaviour of the rubber pad deformation during the process. The various form dies and scaled down apparatus of the rubber-pad forming process are fabricated for simulating realistic forming process. The obtaining experimental data and FEM solutions were compared. The numerical solutions illustrate fair agreement with experimental results. The forming pressure distribution according to the dimensions of sheet metal and rubber pads, various rubber models and rubber material are also compared and discussed.