• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.83-92
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• 2005

We try to evaluate the stock level of Korean transportation infrastructure comparing Korean SOC stock level with those of OECD countries. In order to do so, we work on indices to show the transportation infrastructure stock levels of various countries. Among several indices, we select the effective road-extension rate per population density and the effective railroad-extension rate per population density corresponding to road and railroad. We compare Korean road and railroad stock levels with those of OECD countries, to make use of the effective road-extension rate per population density and effective railroad-extension rate per population density. We choose the Britain, Greece, Portugal, and Sweden to compare Korea because their sizes of population and territory are similar to those of Korea. Using International comparison, we arrive at the conclusion that Korean road and railroad stock levels are 63.4% and 53.2% of those of four countries respectively. In addition, we estimate the target level of road and railroad stocks and compute the target level of investments in road and railroad based on the result.

• The Korean Journal of Financial Management
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.53-70
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• 1999

본 논문은 기업의 자본구조가 결정되어 있고 경영자에게 특정한 형태의 보상이 주어진 상태에서 경영자의 생산량 결정에 대하여 분석하였다. 생산물 시장이 쿠르노 경쟁상태에 있음을 가정할 때 스톡옵션과 상여금을 경영자 보상으로 갖는 경우 주식 가치 극대화를 위한 생산량과 다른 생산량을 선택하게 됨을 보여 주고 있다. 스톡옵션의 경우에는 옵션행사의 한계 경제상태와 기업 부실화의 한계 경제상태가 일치하지 않기 때문에 경영자는 주식 가치 극대화를 위한 생산량과는 다른 선택을 하게 되며 상여금의 경우에도 상여금 지급의 한계 경제상태에 따라서 주식 가치 극대화를 위한 생산량과는 다른 선택을 하게 된다. 또한 스톡옵션 행사가격과 상여금 지급의 목표이익이 증가하면 경영자의 최적 생산량은 증가한다. 반면에 스톡옵션 행사가격과 상여금 지급의 목표이익이 증가하면 경쟁기업 경영자의 최적 생산량은 감소한다. 그러나 상여금의 경우에는 경영자가 주주의 이해와 일치하는 의사결정을 내리도록 하여 주는 목표이익이 존재하지만 스톡옵션의 경우에는 이와 같은 보상체계가 존재하지 않는다.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.29 no.3D
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• pp.357-362
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• 2009

The Investment to road projects has been a hot issue in the aspect of its possible overlapping or overinvestment in Korea. Therefore, additional road construction is not always accepted in these days. This paper investigated several indices including the country index and the road-extension rate index as well as a newly developed index for identifying and comparing road stocks among the OECD countries. Furthermore, the study has estimated some reasonable amount of additional road stocks of Korea when its GDP becomes twenty thousands per capita to forty thousands per capita in future by comparing the amount of stacks of OECD countries at those times. The result can be used for setting the target of road stocks in practical manner in the absence of the universally accepted theory in the road stock provision arena.

• Environmental and Resource Economics Review
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.67-104
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• 2018

In this paper, we compare the spread effects of the carbon tax imposition method using the real business cycle model considering the productivity and energy price shocks. Scenario 1 sets the carbon tax rate that encourages the representative firm to maintain a constant $CO_2$ reduction ratio in accordance with its green house gas reduction targets for each period. Scenario 2 sets the method of imposing the steady state value of the carbon tax rate of Scenario 1 during the analysis period. The impulse response analysis shows that the responses of $CO_2$ emissions to external shocks are relatively sensitive in scenario 2. And simulation results show that the cost of $CO_2$ abatement is more volatile in scenario 1, and $CO_2$ emissions and $CO_2$ stock are more volatile in scenario 2. In particular, the percentage changes in volatility between the two scenarios of $CO_2$ emissions and $CO_2$ stock increase as the green house gas reduction target is harder. When the green house gas reduction target is 60% and over, the percentage changes(absolute value) between the two scenarios exceed the percentage change(absolute value) of the $CO_2$ reduction cost between them.

• Proceedings of the Korea Air Pollution Research Association Conference
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• 2003.05b
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• pp.77-78
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• 2003

2001년 5월 스톡홀름에서는 92개국이 DDT, 다이옥신 등 12개 잔류성 유기오염물질 (POPs, persistent organic pollutants)의 궁극적 소멸을 목표로, 배출 및 사용 저감을 위하여 유엔협약인 이른바 스톡홀름협약에 서명하였다. 이는 유럽에서 UNECE (United Nations Economic Commissions for Europe) 장거리 이동 대기오염 협약의 일환으로 1998년 6월 덴마크 오후스에서 체결된 POPs에 관한 의정서에 뒤이은 결과이다 1998년 6월 오후스에서는 POPs와 함께 수은, 카드뮴, 납 등 3개 중금속에 관한 의정서가 체결되어 중금속에 관한 향후 국제사회의 동향을 짐작케 하고 있다. (중략)

• Archives of design research
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.251-262
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• 1999

This article analyzed the building regulations, the guidelines for the people with disabilities, and the interior environment of the transportation facilities of Stockholm and Oslo, which wee capital cities of leading countries in this field. Result showed that Swedish 'BBR 94' was made and based on accessibility, safety, and efficiency. But the mandatory items and detailed recommendations were minimal. 'The Swedish Handicap Institute' provided more detailed requirements. As a result of case studies of 4 facilities, it appeared that these facilities used sufficient dimension, variable color, different material, or adaptable lightings in order to provide easy accessibility, adaptability, safety, support, and mobility for the people with disabilities instead of keeping the building regulations and guidelines reluctantly.

• Environmental and Resource Economics Review
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.347-364
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• 2021

Carbon neutral policy in Korea pays limited attention to the concept of sustainable economic growth. This limitation can be compared with other countries' carbon neutral policies such as US, UK and China where the climate change policies are closely connected to economic policies to boost further economic growth. This paper adopts a Ramsey growth model to account for the impact of carbon neutral policy on long-term economic growth and the accumulation capital. The model incorporates the Hartwick rule to allow sustainability of economic growth by transforming resource input into other input factor for growth. The analysis provides a possibility of low accumulation of capital as a result of carbon neutral policy in the absence of effective transformation of fossil-fuel factor into growth-related productive capital. Such low capital stock can be more aggravated when there exists a rent-seeking behavior of various interest groups with voracity to exploit social capital.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.29 no.10 s.106
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• pp.853-858
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• 2005

Recently, various novel numerical models based on Navier-Stokes equation have been developed for calculating wave motions in the sea with coastal or ocean structures. Among those models, Volume Of Fluid (VOF) method might be the most popular one, and it has been used for numerical simulations of wave motions including complicated phenomena of wave breakings. VOF method, however, needs enormous computation time and large computational storage memories in general, thus it is practically difficult to use this method for calculations in the case of random waves because long and stable computation (e.g for more than 100 significant wave periods) is required to obtain statistically meaningful results. On the other hand if the wave motion is potential motion, Boundary Element Method (BEM), which is a much faster and more accurate method than VOF method, can be effectively used. The aim of this study is to develop a new efficient model applicable to calculations of wave motion and/or wave-structure interactions under random waves. To achieve this, a strictly combined BEM-VOF model has been developed by making the best use of both methods' merits; VOF method is used in a restricted fluid domain around a structure where complicated phenomena of wave breakings may exist, and BEM is used in the other domains far from the disturbance where the wave motion may be assumed to be potential. The verification of the model was performed with numerical results for Stokes' 5th order wave propagation and a random wave propagation.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
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• 2005.10a
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• pp.153-159
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• 2005

Recently, various novel numerical models based on Navier-Stokes equation rave been developed for calculating wave motions in the sea with coastal or ocean structures. Among those models, Volume Of Fluid (VOF) method might be the most popular one, and it has been used for numerical simulations of wave motions including complicated phenomena of wave breakings. VOF method, however, needs enormous computation time and large computational storage memories in general, thus it is practically difficult to use VOF method for calculations in the case of random waves because long and stable computation ( e.g. for more than 100 significant wave periods) is required to obtain statistically meaningful results. On the other hand of the wave motion is potential motion, Boundary Element Method (BEM), which is a much faster and more accurate method than VOF method, am be effectively used. The aim of this study is to develop a new efficient model applicable to calculations of wave motion and/or wave-structure interactions under random waves. To achieve this, a strictly combined BEM-VOF model has been developed by making the best use of both methods' merits; VOF method is used in a restricted fluid domain around a structure where complicated phenomena of wave breakings may exist, and BEM is used in the other domains far from the disturbance where the wave motion may be assumed to be potential. The verification of the model was performed with numerical results for Stokes'5th order wave propagation and a random wave propagation.