• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.107 no.1
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• pp.16-24
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• 2018

This study was investigated to select superior population and clones of Salix gracilistyla for promoting woody biomass resources through creating of short rotation coppices (SRC). Plant materials were collected from seven different population groups of S. gracilistyla and planted at two different nursery sites in Chuncheon and Yongin. Height and root collar diameter showed statistically significant differeces among population, nursery, and annual growth for three years (p<0.01). Aboveground biomass was harvested to investigate dry weight after 3 years from planting, the Youngwol population showed the highest yield as $4.8kg\;DW\;plant^{-1}$ in Chuncheon nursery which was more than double yield compared to the other nursery planted plants. However, Hongcheon and Wonju populations as $3.3kg\;plant^{-1}$, showed the best yield in Yongin nursery. In addition, there was a significant difference between collected populations and nurseries. But there was statistically significant different interaction between population (Pop) and nursery (Nur) (F value = 3.51, p<0.01). Therefore, the superior populations selected by this experiment could be cultivated as an excellent variety for woody biomass resources through the clonal test.

• Journal of Mushroom
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• v.3 no.3
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• pp.100-104
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• 2005

We investigated mineral difference from mushroom Phellinus linteus and Phellinus baumii on mulberry, oak and elm. ICP test, The major mineral components were K, Ca, and Fe, while Mg, Na, P, Cr, Mn, Cu and Zn were determined as micro mineral components. In case of P.linetus and P.baumii the component of K was shown as 699.0mg/100g and 630mg/100g, in oak, 340.7mg/100g and 314.6mg/100g in elm, and 311.6mg/100g and 311.6mg/100g in mulberry respectively. In Ca, mulberry fruiting body were shown about 2 times highest and expecially in case of Na was oak fruiting body were shown as 10 times highest as against the others sample groups. In micro mineral components, Zn component was shown very diffeence about sample groups. We concluded that the highest mineral component of K was shown in mushroom cultivated on oak of both P.linetus and P.baumii. As a results, mineral component has showed very difference on cultivated to timber. According to the results of mineral component we concluded that Phellinus linteus and Phellinus baumii has mineral component different depending on timber.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.40 no.6
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• pp.424-430
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• 2012

In this study, laccase activity, rate of weight loss and degree of lignin degradation of pine wood chips were determined during the liquid and solid state incubation with Polyporus brumalis. The results showed that laccase enzyme activity at untreated wood chip was gradually decreased after 20 days, but enzyme activity with wood chip treatment showed 10 times higher than untreated ones at 60 incubation days. Rate of weight losses of pine chip and rate of lignin loss were 23.4% and 6.3% by P. brumalis during 80 incubation days. Gene expression of pblac1 from P. brumalis was 3 times increased under pine chip treatment at 40 incubation days. Consequently, laccase activity of white rot fungi, P. brumalis, was increased at incubation with wood chip and pblac1 gene was important factor of lignin degradation. Therefore, to regulate lignin degrading enzyme gene expression by using the tools of biotechnology will be able to develop superior strains and it will be useful for pretreatment of lignocellulosic biomass at bioethanol production.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.43 no.6
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• pp.826-837
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• 2015

In this study, we produced bioethanol from the original hydrolysate obtained during oxalic acid pretreatment of lignocellulosic biomass. The bioethanol was separated and concentrated by pervaporation and the residue after pervaporation was evaluated for its antioxidant activity. Xylose ($37.28g/{\ell}$) was the major product in the original hydrolysate. The original hydrolysate contained acetic acid, furfural and total phenolic compounds (TPC) as fermentation inhibitors. Acetic acid was removed by electrodialysis (ED), and $12.21g/{\ell}$ of bioethanol was produced from ED-treated hydrolysate. The TPC of ethyl acetate extracts from the residue obtained (OA-E) during pervaporation was 86.81 mg/100 g (extract). The $IC_{50}$ values of DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activities, and reducing power of OA-E were $0.87mg/m{\ell}$, $0.85mg/m{\ell}$, and $0.59mg/m{\ell}$, respectively. Sugar degradation products and the phenolic compounds in OA-E were determined by GC-MS.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.29-37
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• 2007

To evaluate the effect of carbonization temperature of charcoal on the heavy metal adsorption property, Quercus mongolica wood and Larix kaempferi bark powder (100~60 mesh) were carbonized at between 400 and $900^{\circ}C$ at intervals of $100^{\circ}C$. In the properties of carbonized materials which affect the adsorption ability, pH increased with increasing the carbonization temperature, so that the pHs of wood and bark charcoal carbonized at $900^{\circ}C$ were 10.8 and 10.4, respectively. Also, in both materials, the carbon content ratio became larger as the carbonization temperature was raised. At the same carbonization temperature, carbon content ratio of the bark charcoal tended to be greater than that of the wood charcoal. In case of iodine adsorption which indicates the adsorption property in liquid phase, the wood charcoal showed higher adsorption value than the bark charcoal. From the investigation of adsorptive elimination properties of the charcoals against 15 ppm Cd, Zn, and Cu, the higher the carbonization temperature, the greater elimination ratio was. In comparison, the wood charcoal presented higher elimination ratio than that of the bark charcoal. In the wood charcoals carbonized at higher than $500^{\circ}C$, especially, 0.2 g of the charcoal was enough to eliminated almost 100% of the heavy metal ions. Heavy metal ion elimination ratio of the charcoals depended on the kinds of adsorbates. The effectiveness of adsorbates in adsorptive elimination by the charcoals were in order of Cu > Cd > Zn. This is because the physicochemical interaction between the adsorbate and adsorbent affects their adsorption properties, it is considered that subsequent researches are needed to improve the effectiveness of heavy metal adsorption by the charcoals.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.77 no.2
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• pp.252-257
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• 1988

This study was carried out to investigate the physical and mechanical properties of sawdust boards combined with sycamore and polypropylene-net flakes. Both the sycamore and polypropylene-net flakes were adjusted to the sizes of $1.0{\times}1.0$, $1.0{\times}2.0$, and $1.5{\times}1.5cm^2$ and these flakes were mixed at 1, 2, 3, and 4% levels based on ovendry weights of sawdusts, respectively. The results obtained in this study were summarized as follows : 1. Thickness swellings of sawdust boards combined with sycamore flakes decreased with the increase of mixture levels and similar effects were also recognized in combination with polypropylene-net flakes. 2. Moduli of rupture both in sawdust boards combined with sycamore and polypropylene-net flakes increased with the increase of their mixture levels, and sawdust boards combined with sycamore flakes of $1.0{\times}2.0cm^2$ size and polypropylene-net flakes of $1.5{\times}1.5cm^2$ size showed higher moduli of rupture than control boards. 3. Moduli of elasticity both in sawdust hoards combined with sycamore and polypropylene-net flakes increased with the increase of their mixture levels as in moduli of rupture. 4. The physical and mechanical properties of sawdust boards combined with sycamore and polypropylene-net flakes were mainly dependent on aspect ratio of sycamore flakes and size of polypropylene-net flakes respectively, and these properties were improved with the respective increase of aspect ratio and size.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.89 no.1
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• pp.85-92
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• 2000

Four Chamaecyparis obtusa plantations of 6, 9, 14, and 20 years were studied to investigate biomass, net production and nutrient distribution. There was wide difference in DBH and height growth of the stands according to site and soil conditions. Total biomasses of the stands of 14 years and 20 years located in gentle slopes and good soil conditions were 96.2t/ha and 145.0t/ha, and total net productions of those were 22.4t/ha/yr and 23.5t/ha/yr, respectively. Total biomasses of the stands of 6 years and 9 years located in steep slopes and poor soil conditions were 0.7t/ha and 14.0t/ha, and total net productions of those were 0.3t/ha/yr and 4.7t/ha/yr, respectively. As stand age increased, the ratios of stem wood and branches to total biomass and total net production increased, while the ratios of leaves to total biomass and total net production and the ratios of roots to total biomass decreased. Concentrations of N, P, K and Mg were greatest in the leaf and concentration of Ca was greatest in the stem bark. As stand age increased, N concentrations of the stem bark, branch, dead branch and root and K concentration of the branch decreased, while Ca concentration of the stem bark increased. Nutrient contents of the whole tree were great in order of N, K, Ca, Mg and P.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.84 no.1
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• pp.22-30
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• 1995

Responses of Pospam-injected chestnut and pine trees to drill wound were examined. Pospam was injected into the stem by just filling up the drill wound in September 10, 1993. The diameter of the injection wound were 0.5 and 1cm. DBH of chestnut trees and pine trees injected were 10, 15, 20 and 10, 20, 30cm, respectively. The results of tree response were examined in June, 1994. None of them showed any symptom of decay by the time. However, sapwood under the bark was remarkably discolored. The discoloration was more severe in 1cm-injection wound than in 0.5cm one. The severity of discoloration was not differed between species and among DBH applied. The sapwood split was longer in 1cm-injection wounded trees than in 0.5cm trees and longer in chestnut trees than in pine trees. From the split, callus grew out and almost closed the splits. In the trunk injection tested, the damage was mare severe in 1cm injection wound of chestnut trees than in any other combination.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.70-77
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• 1999

Objective of this research is to obtain fundamental data of carbonized wood wastes for soil condition, de-ordorization, absorption of water, carrier for microbial activity, and purifying agent for water quality of river. The carbonization technique and the properties of carbonized wood wastes(thinned trees) are analyzed. Proximate analysis shows the thinned wood contains 0.22-0.73% ash, 77-80% volatile matter, and 10-14% fixed carbon. The charcoal yield decreases and the shrinkage rate increases as the carbonization temperature and time increase. The charcoal yields of Larix leptolepis, Pinus rigida and Pinus densiflora are high, whereas those of Pinus koraiensis and Quercus variabilis are low. The shrinkage rate by carbonization has same trend as water removal of wood. The specific gravity after the carbonization decreases about 50% comparing to green wood. The charcoal has 0.89-4.08% ash, 6.31-13.79% volatile matter, and 73.9-83.5% fixed carbon. As the carbonization temperature and time increase, pH of charcoal increases. When the carbonization temperature is $400^{\circ}C$, pH is about 7.5. When the temperature is between 600 to $800^{\circ}C$, pH is about 10 with small difference. The water-retention capacity is not affected by the carbonization temperature and time. The water-retention capacity within 24hr is about 2.5 - 3times of sample weight, and the equivalent moisture content becomes 2-10% after 24 hr.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.53-60
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• 2007

Carbon content, properties of micro-pore, and chemical properties of the charcoal prepared from wood powder, wood fiber, and bark of Abies sibirica Ledeb at different temperatures were investigated. The yield of charcoal decreased with increasing the carbonization temperature. The yield of bark charcoal was higher than those of wood and wood fiber charcoal. The content ratio of carbon atom in the charcoal increased with increasing the carbonization temperature, whereas those of hydrogen and oxygen atom were decreased. Ash content of bark charcoal was also higher than those of wood and wood fiber charcoal. The specific surface area of wood and wood fiber charcoal was greater than that of bark charcoal. In all charcoal, the specific surface area and the volume of micro-pore were highest when the carbonization temperature was $600^{\circ}C$, however they tended to decrease when the temperature was reached to $800^{\circ}C$. For the functionality test of chemical groups on the charcoal surface, adsorption test have performed against acidic (HCl) and basic chemicals (NaOH, $Na_2CO_3$, and $NaHCO_3$). As carbonization temperature increased, adsorption amount of HCl increased, while adsorption amounts of NaOH, $Na_2CO_3$, and $NaHCO_3$ were decreased. The charcoal prepared at higher temperature showed basic properties, while the charcoals manufactured at lower temperature presented acidic properties. Therefore, it was considered that the carbonization temperature affected the pH of charcoal.