• Computational Structural Engineering
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• v.19 no.4 s.74
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• pp.20-24
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• 2006

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Building Construction Conference
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• 2023.11a
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• pp.245-246
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• 2023

A construction site survey is carried out for the Construction Standard Unit Price(CSUP) in order to establish a standard for the appropriate estimated price. This paper proposed the revised plan by surveying the 56 sites under construction from March to October 2022 for interior finishing work and Carpentry work. It is expected that the revision of the CSUP for interior finishing work and Carpentry work will more accurately reflect the actual construction situation and contribute to improving the adequacy of the CSUP.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.48-56
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• 2020

Prediction of construction cost in the planning stage that provides basic information for feasibility study, budgeting, and planning is an important factor for successful project execution. In this study, a prediction model was developed for the purpose of improving the accuracy of estimating the construction cost of Hanok in the planning stage. The cost of this model is estimated by two methods. First, the cost of wood work, which accounts for the largest portion of the total construction cost, is estimated by calculating the approximate quantity under various conditions (structure type, roof type, plane type, etc.). Second, the cost of the rest work sections except the wood work is estimated by using the unit cost model. The predictive model was verified by two case projects, and the error rate of total construction cost was -4%(case 1) and -6%(case 2). These results showed an error rate in the range that can be applied to practice in the planning stage.

• Journal of architectural history
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• v.7 no.3 s.16
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• pp.27-51
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• 1998

One of the characteristics of a good construction is efficiently to use material and manpower related in the construction. From the preplanning stage to the completion one, a program planner must sufficiently consider the whole field of construction in terms of cost. The estimating account books were written and left in the Construction of the Kyongwoon Palace reconstructed in the beginning of 20th century. Trough those books and other related documents, this paper has been concentrated on the estimated, executed cost of woodwork in those days.

• KOMUNHWA
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• no.57
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• pp.3-24
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• 2001

In terms of Typology, Korean Grooved Adzes are mainly grouped into two major types with some variations. Type 1 is characterized by such basic attributes as slant edge; trapezoidal groove; and rectangular or trapezoidal cross-section of a body. Whereas, T

• Journal of architectural history
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.19-34
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• 2017

The purpose of this study was to comprehend the assignment and the procurement method of wood works' craftsman through the Salleung-dogamuigwes in royal tombs constructions in the late Joseon period. Following conclusions have been reached through the study. First, Carpenter and other nine craftsmen were introduced in carpentry works. The craftsmen were put in by occupation to maintain the quality of the government building construction by wood processing area. It was distinguished by frame member, Sujangjae, window framing wood, decorative member. Second, sawyer showed a sharp increase in the latter half of the 18th century and declined since the middle of the 19th century. This is closely related to the increase in demand for building materials and the growth of civilian wood products. As a maximum of 300 people have been assigned to the craftsmen in the woodwork, it can be seen that the work has been divided by the process. Third, the national carpenter was difficult to procure from the 17th century to the beginning of the 18th century. From the middle 18th century, the system procuring national carpenter was stabilized. In the 19th century, the input ratio of the national craftsmen seems to have decreased significantly and seems to have kept it at the minimum level. Forth, sawyer were procured through Seongonggam from the late 18th century through the mid 19th century. That means that the role of the sawyer had become important. Since Jogakjang is not a necessary manpower, it usually has civilian artisans.

• (The)Study of the Eastern Classic
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• no.32
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• pp.425-441
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• 2008

Most of Korea's Kyungmaedorock(auction book: 競賣圖錄) and pictorial record of exhibitions in the modern times were usually published in the 1930s. Although 1930s were periods of the Great Depression when economic slump continued because of the aftereffect of the slump in the stocks issued by the US in 1929, during this period, Japan began regular continental invasion starting from invasion of the northeastern area of China. To curio dealers, the 1930s were 'boom period of curio transaction' and in urban cultural aspects, the period is evaluated as the one when the first step of modernism was formed. Collection, photo-printing and arrangement of the data related to modern exhibitions including the Auction Book being published at that time are very important because they enable us to know characteristics of fine arts in the transition period from paintings & writings to fine arts in addition to enabling us to revert the circulation history of our paintings & writings and curios. Furthermore, these data will become important data for reconstitution of the circulation history of the Eastern Asia's modern art works. Although the pictorial record of Joseon's Exhibitions of Chinaware and Wooden Works(朝鮮陶磁木工展) is a small and thin one, it records our country's high level chinaware and wooden works. Although we can't know the exact time for 'Joseon's exhibitions of chinaware and wooden works', they are assumed to have been held in Tokyo, Japan in the 1930s and there seems to have been sale of works, too. As such, studies of the books such as the auction book and exhibitions under Japanese imperialism have the first importance in the fact that through which we can examine the course of outflow of our art works to Japan. Furthermore, they can be studies of art-sociology that examine flow and phase of recognition and taste of art works of those days. And from now on, comparative studies of auctions and exhibitions being held in Japan such as Tokyo, Osaka and etc. as well as art markets in Seoul during modern times would also be necessary.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.107-114
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• 2013

The interest in traditional Korean housing has greatly increasing in Korean housing market. However, it is difficult to wildly disseminate for a high construction cost reason. In order to effectively facilitate the Hanok construction, Korean government has initiated a project that develops a new style Korean housing, which meets the requirements of low cost and modernized life style. Cost of building is mainly affected by materials and construction methods. Hanok has some special commodities those significantly impact the cost. In order to effectively cut down the costs, well-organized planning for costs is very important. Also, improving the productivity by utilizing new materials and methods can result in cost down. In this context, this paper compared and analyzed two different types of Korean housing; one is a modernized Korean house which used new materials and methods, the other is a traditional Korean house which was build up by purely traditional methods. Productivity has also been compared and analyzed for 5 major commodities between two types of models. Based on these comparative data, effect of cost down by new model has been analyzed. As a result it is confirmed that by using the new materials and methods could highly effect to increasing productivity and cost down. Especially, the cost of Roofing have been more influenced by using new material while the Wood and Finishes have been influenced by new construction method. Construction cost of Foundation (Earthwork, Concrete, Masonry) and Openings were influenced both factors, changing of materials and methods.

• The Korean Journal of Quaternary Research
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.33-48
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• 2000

Vegetation disturbance history of the Korean Peninsula from the Palaeolithic Age to the Koryo Dynasty (1392) has reconstructed by the use of various data sources. Active vegetation disturbance, which has begun during the Neolithic Age, seems to be more widespread on lowland and coastal areas in the early stages, but later expanded into inland areas. The ploughing of a field and the selective cutting of certain trees, such as oak trees, nettle trees and pine trees are noticeable, and eventually caused deforestation during the Bronze Age. The use of iron tools of the Iron Age has enabled the forest clearing to develope the dry fields. During the Three Kingdoms period (BC 57∼AD 918) extensive deforestation has maintained for the development of cultivated fields, as well as other activities, such as timber, lumbering, production of iron farm implement, ploughing by cattle. The encouragement of disafforestation on mountain slope and creation of terraced field during the Koryo Dynasty (918∼1392) has caused the deforestation over the country, along with the consumption of large amount of wood and timber for fire-wood, ship-building, mining, xylography and so on.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.49-62
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• 1971

한국인(韓國人)의 기초대사량(基礎代謝量)과 1일소비열량(日消費熱量)을 측정(測定)하기 위하여 Douglas씨(氏) ${\ulcorner}$빽${\lrcorner}$과 Scholander씨(氏) ${\ulcorner}$가스${\lrcorner}$ 분석기(分析器)를 사용(使用)하여 넓은 연령(年齡), 직종(職種), 활동(活動)의 영역(領域)에 긍(亘)하여 실험(實驗)을 행(行)하였다. 938 예(例)의 기초대사측정치(基礎代謝測定値)는 Boothby, Fleish, Robertson and Reid 등(等)의 표준치(標準値)와 근사(近似)하였다. 겨울에는 기초대사량(基礎代謝量)은 9.9%의 증가(增加)를 또한 수면중(睡眠中)의 대사량(代射量)은 기초대사량(基礎代謝量)의 약(約) 94%이었다. 또한 Sanborn Metabulator를 사용(使用)하여 1,000 명(名) 이상(以上)의 기초대사량(基礎代謝量)을 측정(測定)하였다. 또한 여러 가지 동작(動作) 활동중(活動中)의 소비열량(消費熱量)이 측정(測定)되었다. 하루의 전소비열량(全消費熱量)은 $3{\sim}7$일간(日間)에 긍(亘)하여 하루 24시간(時間)의 활동상황(活動狀況)을 분단위(分單位)로 기록(紀錄), 집계(集計)하고 이것과 기초대사량(基礎代謝量) 및 개별활동시(個別活動時)의 소비열량(消費熱量)을 참작(參酌), 계산(計算)하였다. 수면중(睡眠中)의 소비열량(消費熱量)은 기초대사량(基礎代謝量)에 준(準)하였는데 사무원(事務員), 교원(敎員), 의사(醫師), 약사(藥師), 점원(店員), 운전수(運轉手), 건축기사(建築技師), 설계사(設計師), 응원사(應園師), 목공(木工), ${\ulcorner}$펜기${\lrcorner}$ 공등(工等)의 1일소비열량(日消費熱量)은 FAO 한국협회책정(韓國協會策定)의 한국인(韓國人) ${\ulcorner}$칼로리${\lrcorner}$에 근사(近似)하였고 ${\ulcorner}$쿡${\lrcorner}$, ${\ulcorner}$웨이터${\lrcorner}$, 농부(農夫), 사공(士工), 기계공(機械工), 석공(石工)은 중등정도(中等程度)의 노동(勞動)의 3,000 ${\ulcorner}$칼로리${\lrcorner}$나 또는 중(重)한 노동(勞動)의 3,900 ${\ulcorner}$칼로리${\lrcorner}$에, 가정주부(家政主婦), 하녀(下女), ${\ulcorner}$디자이너${\lrcorner}$는 여자(女子)의 중등정도(中等程度) 노동(勞動)의 2,200 ${\ulcorner}$칼로리${\lrcorner}$, 간호원(看護員), 청소부(淸掃婦), ${\ulcorner}$쿡${\lrcorner}$ 방(房)바닥연마공(硏磨工)은 중(重)한 노동(勞動)의 2,800${\ulcorner}$칼로리${\lrcorner}$에 모심기 하는 날의 농부(農夫)는 격심(激甚)한 노동(勞動)의 4,100${\ulcorner}$칼로리${\lrcorner}$에 각각(各各) 가까웠다. 여자(女子)일지라도 포제용(鋪製用) 돌까기와 돌날르기는 남자(男子)의 중노동정도(重勞動程度)의 ${\ulcorner}$칼로리${\lrcorner}$를 소비(消費)하였다.