• Journal of Practical Agriculture & Fisheries Research
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.30-42
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• 2006

This experiment was conducted to investigate current situation and plant grouping by light and watering of mingled several cacti and succulents in a pot. The main 11 cacti are consist of Myrtillocactus geometrizans (Mart.) Cons., Gymnocalycium mihanovichii var. friedrichii Werd., Marginatocereus marginatus(DC.) Backbg., Eriocactus leninghausii (Hge. Jr.) Backbg, Notocactus scopa (Spreng.) Berg., Lobivia nealeana Backbg., Mammillaria elongata var. intertexta (DC.) SD., Pseudoespostoa (Vp1.) Backbg., Mammillaria albilanata Backbg., Mammillaria klissingiana Bod. and Espostoa lanata (HBK.) Br. & R. The main 10 succulents are Kalanchoe thyrsifolia Harv., Portulacaria afra var. foliis-variegatis Jacobs., Crassula perforata Thunbg., Echeveria pulvinata Rose, Aeonium arboreum cv. atropurpureum., Echeveria lauii Moran & J. Meyran, Pachypodium lamerei Drake, Sedum rubrotinctum cv. Aurora Boom., Aloe mitriformis Mill., and Euphorbia coerulescens Haw. The cacti were native to Mexico, Brazil, Peru, Paraguay, Ecuador, etc. The sucullents were native to Mexico, Africa, Gran Canaria, Madagascar, etc. Most of all the cacti and sucullents in the experiment are growing well under full sun or light shade, however Portulacaria afra var. foliis-variegatis Jacobs, and Sedum rubrotinctum cv. Aurora Boom. did not influenced by light. And all the plants require a little or moderate watering. Thus, planting by similar required water and light, when growing in a pot of several cacti and succulents, might be decreased the rate of death causing by their different plant physiology.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.55 no.spc1
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• pp.1261-1270
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• 2022

The purpose of this study is to collect and analyze information related to water leaks that cannot be easily accessed, and utilized by using the news search results that people can easily access. We applied a web crawling technique for extracting big data news on water leakage accidents in the water supply system and presented an algorithm in a procedural way to obtain accurate leak accident news. In addition, a data analysis technique suitable for water leakage accident information analysis was developed so that additional information such as the date and time of occurrence, cause of occurrence, location of occurrence, damaged facilities, damage effect. The primary goal of value extraction through big data-based leak analysis proposed in this study is to extract a meaningful value through comparison with the existing waterworks statistical results. In addition, the proposed method can be used to effectively respond to consumers or determine the service level of water supply networks. In other words, the presentation of such analysis results suggests the need to inform the public of information such as accidents a little more, and can be used in conjunction to prepare a radio wave and response system that can quickly respond in case of an accident.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.158-163
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• 2023

This study aimed to determine mercury (Hg), methylmercury (MeHg), and selenium (Se) levels in deep-sea fishes distributed in Gyeonggi-do, South Korea. Concentrations of Hg, MeHg, and Se were measured by using a mercury analyzer and Inductively Coupled Plasma - Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS). The average content (mg/kg) in the seafood samples was as follows: Hg, 0.7647 (0.0182-5.3620), MeHg, 0.0764 (0.0096-0.8750), and Se, 0.4728 (0.1075-3.5100). All the levels of MeHg were below the recommended standards of the Ministry of Food and Drug Safety i.e., <1.0 mg/kg. Recent studies have shown that Se prevents Hg toxicity. The average daily intake in humans was 3.3 ㎍/kg, which was lower than the recommended amount (50-200 ㎍/person/day). The weekly intake of Hg and MeHg was calculated to be 6.07% and 1.90%, respectively, of the provisional tolerable weekly intake (PTWI). This study showed that the weekly intake of Hg and MeHg from abyssal fish was less than the PTWI recommended by the Joint FAO/WHO expert committee on food additives. Therefore, the levels reported in this study are presumed to be adequately safe.

• The Journal of Korean Philosophical History
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• no.28
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• pp.155-182
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• 2010

When we divide Environmental Ethics education into the elements of 'knowledge - emotion - behavior', we need to focus on 'knowledge' at high school level. In general Moral Education, 'knowledge - emotion - behavior' is a circular link, but as Environmental Ethics is a matter of 'consciousness', it is desirable to instruct with the process of 'knowledge>emotion, behavior'. Teaching 'Consciousness on Nature' is not recommended at elementary or middle school level because it demands higher inference. On the contrary, considering the reality in high school it is not recommended to teach the necessity and method of recycling or to go field trip to the polluted area. Rather, it is better to inform the students of Environmental Ethics' viewpoints and let them know the ways of moral judgments. The view of nature in Orientalism is well explained through the Environmental Ethics' viewpoint. To explain the view of nature in Orientalism we should concentrate on the theory, not on the attitude of life. And we should rather compare the viewpoints of nature in Confucianism, Taoism and Buddhism respectively than explain in Orientalism all together. That is, if we compare with the viewpoints of Environmental Ethics and explain similarities & differences in Confucianism, Taoism and Buddhism, we can complement Environmental Ethics or present the third approach.

• Journal of Wetlands Research
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.417-425
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• 2023

As climate change gets severe, the ecosystem acts as an important carbon sink, therefore efforts are being made to utilize these functions to mitigate climate change. In this study, we inventoried and analyzed the previous studies related to carbon storage and flux by ecosystem type (forest, cropland, wetland, grassland, and settlement) and carbon pool (aboveground and belowground biomass, dead wood, Litter, soil organic carbon, and ecosystem) in Korean ecosystems. We also collected the results of previous studies and calculated the average value of carbon storage and flux for each ecosystem type and carbon pool. As a result, we found that most (66%) of Korea's carbon storage and fluxes studies were conducted in forests. Based on the results of forest studies, we estimated the storage by carbon stock. We found that much carbon is stored in vegetation (aboveground: 4,018.32 gC m^-2 and belowground biomass: 4,095.63 gC m^-2) and soil (4,159.43 gC m^-2). In particular, a large amount of carbon is stored in the forest understory. For other ecosystem types, it was impossible to determine each carbon pool's storage and flux due to data limitations. However, in the case of soil organic carbon storage, the data for forests and grasslands were comparable, showing that both ecosystems store relatively similar amounts of carbon (4,159.43 gC m^-2, 4,023.23 gC m^-2, respectively). This study confirms the need to study carbon in rather diverse ecosystem types.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.45-52
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• 2006

Objective: Our purpose was to investigate the relationship between the levels of IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor-${\alpha}$ in the peritoneal fluid of women with and without endometriosis and infertile women. Methods: This study is prospective and case-control study in University hospital, enrolled thirty-four women with laparoscopic findings of minimal to severe endometriosis, and thirty-seven women with no visual evidence of pelvic endometriosis and with benign gynecologic disease. IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor-${\alpha}$ levels in peritoneal fluid were determined using commercial ELISA. IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor-${\alpha}$ concentrations were compared among women with and without endometriosis, and with infertile and fertile women, and then also compared according the revised American Fertility Society classification. Results: IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor-${\alpha}$ concentrations were higher than in the peritoneal fluid of women with endometriosis than in matched normal controls. Cyclic variations in IL-6 concentrations were seen in peritoneal fluid from patients with endometriosis: the concentrations in the secretory phase were significantly higher than those in the proliferative phase. The concentrations were higher than among of infertile women than in fertile women. A significant correlation between IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor-${\alpha}$ concentrations and endometriosis stage III and IV was noted. Conclusion: Increased levels of IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor-${\alpha}$ in patients with endometriosis in the peritoneal fluid may be relate to the pathogenesis of endometriosis suggesting that partially contribute to the disturbed immune regulation observed in patients with endometriosis.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.61-74
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• 2013

This study examined and analyzed ancient writing and poetry regarding cases of appreciating plants by using pots in a garden of a palace or private houses by ancestors, and examined shape and planting method of plant species and potted plants, arrangement and preference of potted plants. As for the method of the study, description research method which examines and interprets poem and painting based on potted plants. The results of this study is summarized like the following. First, the plants which were favorably used for potted plants include 19 kinds such as Prunus mume, Pinus densiflora, Pinus pumila, Phyllostachys spp., Camellia japonica, Punica granatum, and Gardenia jasminoidesa, and as for herbs, 12 kinds such as Chrysanthemum monifolium and Nelumbo nusifera . Second, the species which were specially arranged into artificial shapes include Prunus mume and Pinus densiflora. The two plants made the shape of severe curves of stems such as Wangpi. Gyuban, and Bangan, and there are Pinus densiflora dwarfed potted plant whose roots are stretched on Prunus mume grafted into a strange stump and an oddly shaped stone. For the beauty of the dwarfed tree shape, pine cones are added to an old Pinus densiflora or Parthenocissus tricuspidata is planted to stems, and additional method of making moss on the soil, which is called 'Jongbunchuigyeong'. As for planting method, water culture, planting on a stone, planting on a charcoal, and assembled planting are expressed in poetry. Third, as for external space for potted plants, a place where a king stays, a bed room for a king, surrounding areas and gardens of private houses, and step stones were used as a space which adds artistic effects. Potted plants are placed on a table in a library, on a desk, on a drawer, and near a pillow as a small items in a room, and scholars enjoyed original characteristics and symbolism of the potted plants. Fourth, at the time of flowering of Prunus mume, poetry event was held to enjoy the tree and writing poetry begun. And at the time of flowering of Chrysanthemum monifolium, the flowers were floated in a liquor glass or shadow play was enjoyed. Fifth, potted plants played the role of garden ornaments in elegant events of a palace, the gentry, wedding ceremony, and sacrificial rites. Sixth, potted plants were used as tributes between countries, donation to a king, or a gift of a king. In addition, there were many cases where scholars exchanged potted plants and there is the first record of giving a potted plant in 'Mokeunsigo' by Mokeun Isaek, scholar in the late era of Goryeo. Seventh, at the time of flowering Prunus mume, Chrysanthemum monifolium, Gardenia jasminoides, Nelumbo nusifera, and Narcissustazetta var. chinensis, they enjoyed the particular fragrance and express it into poetry. Eighth, plant species from southern parts such as Camellia japonica, Daphne odora, Gardenia jasminoides, Citrus unshiu, Phyllostachys spp., Punica granatum, Rosa rugosa, and Musa basjoo, or foreign plant species, and species weak against the cold were utilized as pot plants for enjoying green trees indoors in northern central province in harshly cold winter.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.414-420
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• 1996

Cephalometric measureements have disadvantage of representing cranio-facial structures in two dimension only and therefore they pose limitations in describing three-dimentional structures of cranio-facial region. More interests have been put on the correlation between the two planes. This study evaluated correlations between facial type score, which allows effects on malocclusion, growth change prediction and establishment of treatment method and prognosis, and measurements from submentovertex view. Cephalometric view and submentovertex view were taken of skeletal Class I adults with optimal profile and correlations between them have been observed. Following results were obtained: 1. To learn about factors that influence average condylar angulation, FACE, INT-CO-ANG, MN-CORPUS, CON-RATIO, GON-RATIO, MN-RATIO were used as variables and underwent multiple regression analysis. As a result, the following equation was obtained : CON-AVE=.l73(FACE)-.322(INT-CO-ANG)+36.34(GON-RATIO) +.420(MN-CORPUS) (($R^2=.85451$) 2. The following equation was obtained concerning facial type score. FACE= .050(CON-ANG)+.023(INT-CO-ANG)-.075(MN-CORPUS)($R^2=.31547$) 3. Among the submentovertex measurements, MN-CORPUS, CON-RATIO, GON-RATIO, MN-RATIO showed close correlations. (P<0.05) 4. Average condylar angualtions were $23.37^{\circ}$ on the right and $20.71^{\circ}$ on left. There was a difference between the two. FACE : facial type soore. CON-ANG: mean value of condylar angulation. CON-AVE: mean value of Rt. Lt condylar angulation. INT-CO-ANG : angle between Rt. Lt condylar axis. MN-CORPUS : angle formed between RT. Lt gonion & pogonion. CON-RATIO: lntercondylar distance/mandibular body length. GON-RATIO : intergonion distanoe/mandibular body length. MN-RATIO: lntermylohyoid distance/mandibular body length. MX-RATIO: intermaxillary tuberosity distance/ANS-PNS distance.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.34 no.6
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• pp.562-570
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• 2019

The heavy metal concentrations in dried seafoods commonly consumed in Gyeonggi-do were analyzed. Concentrations of lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), mercury (Hg) and selenium (Se) were measured in 95 samples with an inductively-coupled plasma-mass spectrometer (ICP-MS) and an Hg analyzer. The average concentration [mean±SD(minimum-maximum) mg/kg] of heavy metals were as follows: Pb 0.062±0.071(0.002-0.428), Cd 0.083±0.100(0.004-0.540), Hg 0.012±0.012(N.D-0.054) and Se 0.839±0.371(0.362-2.124). All the levels were below the recommended standards of the MFDS (Ministry of Food and Drug Safety). In the comparison of heavy metal content by anchovy size, it was shown that mercury was significantly higher in large anchovy (P<0.05). Selenium levels were found to differ significantly in small anchovy and large anchovy (P<0.05). Pb, Cd and Hg were significantly higher in Tiger prawn among shrimp (P<0.05). The heavy metal and selenium levels of anchovy and shad were highest in the intestine. However, the heavy metal and selenium levels of shrimp were highest in the head. In addition, weekly (monthly) intake of mercury and cadmium from dried seafoods was found to be 0.712% and 2.978% of PTW(M)I (Provisional Tolerable Weekly(Monthly) Intake) respectively. Therefore, it was found that dried seafoods were safe for consumption.

• Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.140-149
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• 1997

Purpose : Kawasaki Disease(KD) is a febrile disease with acute multisystemic vasculitis which is seen commonly in early childhood. The cause and etiologic agents are still unknown to identify using ordinary bacterial and viral culture, but the clinical labaratory studies suggest that KD is one of autoimmune disorder caused by infectious agents, but that is not proved yet. The study was performed to investigate the IgG subclasses in acute stage of KB before treatment of IVIG(Intravenous immunoglobulin). Method : The 35 cases in acute stage of KD before treatment of IVIG who were hospitalized from jan. 1995 to dec. 1996. The obtained sera were measured level of total IgG, IgM, IgA, IgE and IgG subclasses IgGl, IgG2, IgG3, IgG4 by using EIA and SRID method. Results : 1) The sex ratio is male to female is 1.5: 1.0, and male is prone to infected. 2) Total IgG, IgM, IgA and IgE level is normal range with age adjusted, but few cases are shown slight high level of total IgG compare to normal range of age adjusted. 3) acute phage reactants such as CRP, C3, ESR are all increased in acute stage of cases. 4) IgG subclasses IgGl, IgG2, IgG3 are shown normal range of age adjusted, but remarkably low level of IgG4 in all of cases. Conclusions : The low level of IgG4 is able to increasing the incidence of KD, and may use early diagnostic tools combine with other clinical symptoms and signs. But the resulsts of reported studies are different to each other, so it needs more times and cases to get final evaluation of changes of serum immnunoglobulin levels correlate to increase the incidence of high risk group of KD patients.