• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.91-100
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• 2004

Objectives：The effects of repeated maternal separation on the expression of glucocorticoid receptor (GR) and cyclooxygenase-2(COX-2) in the hippocampus of rat pups at preweanling stage were evaluated. Methods：The experimental, Repeated Maternal Separation group(N=4) was separated from the mother for four hours a day over a period of ten days beginning with postnatal day 4. The Control group(N=4), on the other hand, did not separated from the mother at all. GR and COX-2 expression in the hippocampus was examined by immunohistochemistry on postnatal day 14. Results：It was determined that the number of GR-immunopositive cells in the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus was significantly increased in the Repeated Maternal Separation group. The numbers of COX-2-immunopositive cells in the CA1 and CA3 were also significantly higher in the Repeated Maternal Separation group. Conclusion：These results suggest that maternal separation may be a significant developmental stress that induces GR and COX-2 expression in the hippocampus of developing pups.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare Studies
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• 제41권4호
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• pp.45-79
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• 2010

The purpose of this study is to understand surrogate mother aged 20-30s by knowing meaning and structure of empirical phenomena. Methods is to applied to Phenomenological and heuristic Human Becoming Methodology, and the subjects of this study are four surrogate and host mothers who were on the air of SBS program, 'surrogate mother: having a baby for infertile couples(March 8, 2005)', and phenomenological and heuristic Human Becoming Methodology of Parse is applied in this study. Results is the structure that they chose surrogate mother as best option under the economic suffering, and pregnancy and bearing separated motherhood while facing unfair negotiating relationship and accepting reality of forgettable motherhood. The conceptual integration of relationship issues were: valuing, powering and transforming with the process of revealing-concealing and enabling-limiting. Finally, discussion and practical meaning was reviewed.

• Journal of Sericultural and Entomological Science
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• 제3권
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• pp.29-31
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• 1963

This work was carried out to know the hereditary phenomenon of. the egg markings with 4 races preserved at Sericultural Experiment Station from 1962 to 1963. The results are as follows: 1. When crosses (Fig. 1) were made between females showing reticulate egg marks and males showing collected egg markings, the F$_1$ markings were all reticulate. From the reciprocal cross was made between the collected marking females and the reticulate marking males (Fig. 2), all the F$_1$ progeny showed the collected egg markings. 2. In the F$_2$ the expected phenotype for reticulate markings (recessive) was not expressed but the collected markings (dominance) were always appeared. 3. When each F$_2$ moth was inbred, the usual 3:1 ratio was obtained. 4. The F$_1$ egg markings as well as the spindle shape egg were not determined by its own genes but by the genes of its mother, because those were formed before fertilization. The results of such influences, when they can be identified, are called material effects. And such a phenomenon was called pseudomaternal inheritance by Tanaka. (1919)

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• 제36권4호
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• pp.285-290
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• 2008

Rahnella aquatilis strain AY2000 produces an anti-yeast substance (AYS), however activity of the AYS has a declining tendency during storage. To investigate what has been decreased activity of the AYS, the AYS was treated with various physicochemical agents in this paper. The activity of AYS was decreased by heat treatment. Thiol reagent such as $\beta$-mercaptoethanol or dithiothreitol was also another factor decreasing the activity of AYS. However, pH, EDTA, and NaCl were not factors decreasing the activity of AYS. Use of methanol to precipitate the AYS was also decreased the activity of AYS. The activity of AYS was not lost after Sepharose S-400 gel filtration. However, the AYS activity was completely lost, when a polysaccharide and a unknown substance (230 nm absorption) among components of the AYS was separated by DEAE-cellulose chromatography. MIC of the AYS against S. cerevisiae was usually determined at $7.8-15.6{\mu}g/ml$.

• Korean Journal of Biological Psychiatry
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.110-116
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• 2006

Objectives : Alteration of hippocampus was demonstrated in the maternal social separation(MSS) pups, separated from dams on postnatal day(pnd) 14 and placed alone. Therefore, to understand the molecular events involved in the MSS, we have initiated a search for gene profiles that are up or down-regulated in the hippocampus of MSS pups. Methods : Analysis of cDNA microarray was performed by using total RNA extracted from the hippocampus of control and MSS pups on pnd 17. Also, passive-avoidance test was demonstrated on pnd 35. Results : Up-regulation of Nedd4a was observed in the hippocampus of MSS pups. Also, MSS rats showed less elongation of latency in passive avoidance test. Conclusion : We suggest that environmental effects of MSS may be altered the neural and/or glial differentiation and synapse formation-related genes which may lead cognitive alterations in MSS rats.

• 한국사회복지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국사회복지학회 2005년도 춘계학술대회자료집
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• pp.469-492
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• 2005

본 논문은 성 통합적 관점에서 가족정책의 재구조화에 대한 논의를 전개함으로써 몇 가지 주목할 만한 결론에 도달했다. 첫째는 가족정책의 관점이 노동하는 주체의 관점에 섰을 때 일과 가족 양립의 문제가 특정성의 문제가 아닌 보편적 시민의 문제가 된다는 점이다. 즉 허구적 믿음에 근거한 공 사적영역의 분리를 (성별구분 없이) 노동하는 주체의 관점에서 통합시킬 때 공적가치인 정의의 문제와 사적가치인 보살핌의 대림이 해소될 수 있다는 것이다. 둘째는 노동주체로서 남성과 여성의 통합성과 현실적 문제로써 여성과 남성의 차이에 근거한 '이해'의 상이함을 반영하기 위해서는 가족정책의 틀은 가족 구성원이 노동하는 장소에 따라 구분해야 한다는 것이다. 셋째는 가족정책의 틀에 따라 가족정책을 가족영역과 시장영역으로 나누었을 때 가족정책의 내용은 가족구성원이 노동권과 부모권(모성권+부성권)을 실현하는데 장애가 되는 요인들을 완화 제거하는 정책이어야 한다는 것이다. 마지막으로 가족정책의 방향은 여성과 남성이 생계부양과 보살핌의 책무를 함께 나누게 하는 것이다. 이는 노동하는 주체의 관점에서 허구적인 공 사적영역의 분리를 통합시켜 내는 것으로, 궁극적인 가족정책의 지향점이라고 할 수 있는 보편적 일과 가족 양립을 실현하는 길이라는 것이다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Surface Engineering Conference
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• 한국표면공학회 2015년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.272-273
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• 2015

DLC는 고경도, 화학적 안정성 및 고내식성, 내마모성 및 낮은 마찰계수로 인하여 여러 산업분야의 표면처리기술로 적용되고 있다. 하지만 DLC의 절연특성은 전기 산업 분야에 적용 한계가 있다. 이번 연구에서는 DLC를 연료전지 중 PEMFC(고체산화물 연료전지)의 금속 분리판 표면처리에 적용시키고자 하였으며, 높은 전도성과 고내식성의 Me-DLC박막 제작을 목표로 하였다. Cr을 Buffer layer로 하고 Cr과 DLC를 동시에 증착한 Cr-DLC 박막을 제작하였다. Cr-DLC코팅의 기계적 특성을 확인하기 위하여 나노인덴터를 이용하여 경도 및 탄성률을 측정하였으며, ball-on disk를 이용하여 마찰계수를 확인하였다. 각 샘플들의 전기전도성을 확인하기 위하여 4-point probe system을 이용하여 측정하였으며, 부식 저항 특성을 확인하기 위하여 1mole $H_2SO_4$ + 2 ppm HF 분위기의 전해질 내에서 동전위 분극시험을 통한 내식성 테스트를 하였으며, XPS를 통하여 Cr-DLC박막내의 구조적 특성을 확인하였다.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.93-101
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• 2003

Objective: The purpose of this study is to find out the effect of acupuncture at HT7 (Shinmun) on the feeding behavior and hypothalamic neuropeptide Y(NPY) expression in the maternally separated rat pups. Methods: To show the effect of acupuncture, we performed maternal separation(MS) for 7 days beginning on postnatal day 14, and observed body weight, food intake, and NPY immunoreactivity in the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) of hypothalamus after acupuncturing at HT7, the end of the transverse crease of the ulnar wrist of the forepaw. Results: MS induced a significant decreases in body weight and food intake, while acupuncture treatment at acupoint HT7 showed much more improvement in those evaluations. NPY-immunoreactivity in area PVN were decreased in the MS group, but significantly increased in the HT7 group. Conclusions: These findings suggest that acupuncture has an effect on the feeding disorders caused by MS, possibly by modulating NPY expression in the PVN.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• 제19권5호
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• pp.1303-1310
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• 2005

This study was performed to investigate the effect of Bunsimgieumgagam on the stress due to the maternal separation in rat. In this study, we researched in 'the behavioral observation', 'the changes of body weight', 'quantitative analysis of the number of BrdU-positive cells per section in dentate gyrus of hippocampus', 'free radical scavenging assay' and 'MTT-based cytotoxicity assay of SK-N-SH cell line', in order to figure out the effect on which Bunsimgieumgagam has the increase of neuron in dentate gyrus of hippocampus damaged by the stress due to the maternal separation. In the behavioral Observation, Bunsimgieumgagam was also efficacious against the decline of one's behavior and anorexia derived from the stress by the maternal separation. In the change of body weight, it showed that the Bunsimgieumgagam is effective in the recovery of weight loss caused by heavy stress(p<0.05). Also, Bunsimgieumgagam had an increasing effect, which is similar to a normal state, on DG's neuron in hippocampus (P<0.001). In free radical scavenging assay, Bunsimgieumgagam had a superior free radical scavenging effect. And it showed a significant result with the high cell proliferation effect in MTT-based cytotoxicity assay(P<0.01, p<0.001) This result suggest that Bunsimgieumgagam has an anti-stress effect and a proliferation effect of neuron in dentate gyrus of hippocampus, and it shows the potential of Bunsimgieumgagam in the treatment for the various disorders derived from children's stress.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.77-88
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• 2004

Acupuncture has been shown to have therapeutic effects on many mental disorders such as depression, anxiety, and substance abuse in human and animal studies. Maternal separation (MS) is a risk factor in the development of mood-related disorders such as depression. This study investigated the effects of acupuncture during MS by evaluating locomotion as behavioral markers of depression and by observing changes in c-Fos expression in the limbic system (hippocampus, amygdala and cingulate cortex) to elucidate the mechanism of the therapeutic effect. The employed acupoint, Shinmun (HT7), has been clinically used to treat mental disorders. MS for 7 days beginning on postnatal day 14 induced a significant decrease in locomotion, while acupuncture treatment at acupoint HT7 resulted in a significant increase in locomotion. c-Fos immunoreactive cells in area dentate gyrus (DG) of the hippocampus were increased in the MS group, but significantly decreased in the acupuncture group. These findings suggest that acupuncture has an effect on the depression-like disorder caused by MS, possibly by modulating c-Fos expression in DC of the hippocampus.