• Journal of Plant Biology
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.365-370
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• 1992

다양한 배양조건을 이용하여 당근 모상근의 생장과 carotenoid 함량을 조사하였으며, 이러한 배양조건을 airlift형생물 반응기에 적용하여 모상근의 다량 배양을 시도하였다. 고형배지 배양에서의 carotenoid 함량은 광조건에서 배양된 모상근이 암조건에서 배양된 모상근보다 10배 정도 증가하였으며, 모상근의 생장은 광조건이 암조건보다 낮은 수준이었다. 공기 유출기 배양에서는 모상근이 광조건과 암조건 모두에서 매우 빠르게 생장하여 생줄량의 차이가 없었으며, 모상근의 생장과 carotenoid 함량에 있어서 빛의 조사는 모상근의 전체적인 생중량을 증가시키기 보다는 배양 후기 생장단계에서 carotenoid 함량을 증가시켜서 암조건에 비하여 10배 정도의 carotenoid(11 $\mu\textrm{g}$/g)를 생산하였다. 모상근을 생물 반응기에서 배양하였을 때, 모상근이 지수함수적으로 빠르게 생장하여 배양 25일 동안에 처음 무게의 11배를 나타내었다. 그리고 pH는 처음 5.5에서 5일후 4.9로 떨어지다가 그 이후에 일정한 수준(pH 4.8)을 보여주었으며, 광주기와 광도을 조절하지 않은 상태에서의 carotenoid 함량은 2$\mu\textrm{g}$/g으로 나타났다.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.65-71
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• 2003

This research aims the production of anti-tumor substances through in vitro culture of hairy roots transformed by Agrobacterium rhizogenes in Artemisia sylvatica MAX and the effect of culture conditions on optimum growth of hairy roots. We investigated the optimum medium, pH, carbon source, sucrose, light, Fe and polyamine conditions of various lines of hairy roots (NK3, NK4, YX. NK3-10) induced from Artemisia sylvatica to increase the optimum growth of hairy roots. MS medium was the best for optimum growth of hairy root clone, NK3-S10. The optimum culture period was 4 weeks for NK3-S10. The optimum sucrose concentration was 3.5%. The optimum concentration of FeSO$_4$, spermine and spermidine was 0.1 mM, 10 mM and 100 mM, respectively.

• Korean Journal of Plant Tissue Culture
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• v.25 no.6
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• pp.525-530
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• 1998

These studies were carried out to select the active grow hairy root lines induced from various ginseng(Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer) parts. Hairy roots were induced in root explants, stem and petiole in vitro by A. rhizogenes R1000 or A. rhizogenes $A_4$. These hairy roots could be grown on the phytohormone free medium, and PCR analysis of rol C and vir C gene fragments confirmed that hairy roots were transgenic tissues. We have selected 11 hairy root lines with active growing characters among 300 hairy root lines selected based on growth and morphological characteristics on 1/2MS solid media with 250 mg/L carbenicillin. Morphological characteristics of selected 11 hairy root lines were thickness and thiness of main roots, and many projection for lateral roots, active grow of lateral roots. Among selected 11 hair root lines prominent characteristics of hairy roots with active growing characters were thiness of main roots and active grow of lateral roots. But characteristics of low growing hairy roots were thickness of main roots and low grow of lateral roots. Finally we have selected actively growing hairy roots, KGHR-1, KGHR-5, KGHR-8 among 11 hairy root lines.

• Korean Journal of Plant Tissue Culture
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.7-14
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• 1999

In order to survey anthraquinone productivity from in vitro root culture, transformed hairy roots of Rumex crispus were induced from leaf segments by infection with Agrobacterium rhizogenes strain $A_4$ and compared with adventitious roots. The optimum condition of adventitious root formation from leaf segments was 5 $\mu$M NAA added to MS medium. Mannopine was detected in the extract of hairy roots by paper electrophoresis, but not in adventitious roots. Secondary root tips of both adventitious roots and hairy roots elongated without lateral root branching in hormone free MS medium, but primary root tips showed more rapid growth with extensive lateral root branching. MS basal medium was the best for growth of the adventious roots and hairy roots for anthraquinone content. Adventitious root tips and hairy root tips cultured in liquid MS medium supplemented with 0.05 $\mu$M NAA and 0.1 $\mu$M kinetin (contained 5% sucrose) showed the maximal growth and anthraquinone content. Anthraquinone content of hairy roots was increased by the culture periods, but was reduced after 25 days of culture.

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.85-91
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• 1994

In hairy root cultures of ginseng (Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer) transfonned by Agrobacterium rhizogenes, the effects of light, carbon source and various honnone on hairy root growth and anthocyanin production were investigated. Anthocyanin synthesis began to first occur 5 days after exposure to light, and then maximum yield of anthocyanin was 0.36 mg/g(fr wt) in MS medium after 30 days. Of the nutritional factors concentration of 60 mM nitrogen and sucrose as a carbon source showed marked effects on the growth and anthocyanin productiom MS medium supplemented with 0.5 mg/L IAA was most suitable for the hairy root proliferation, and the best accumulation of anthocyanin was obtained at 1 mg/L IAA treatment (0.41 mg/g, fr wt). Whereas 2,4-D tended to restrain the pigment synthesis. From the isolation and identification of anthocyanin pigments, main anthocyanin in ginseng hairy root was identified as pelargonidin-glucoside.coside.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.14-18
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• 2010

Rosmarinic acid, an ester of caffeic acid with 3,4-dihydroxyphenyl lactic acid, is one of the main active constituents of Agastache rugosa Kuntze and has an astringent property, antioxidant capacity, anti-inflammatory activity, antimutagenic ability, antimicrobial capacity, and an antiviral property. Five different strains of Agrobacterium rhizogenes differed in their ability to induce Korean mint (Agastache rugosa Kuntze) hairy roots and also showed varying effects on the growth and rosmarinic acid production in hairy root cultures. A. rhizogenes R1601 is the most effective strain for the induction (72.90%), growth (13.50 g/l) and rosmarinic acid production (22.60 mg/g) in hairy root of Korean mint. Our results demonstrate that use of suitable strains of A. rhizogenes may allow study of the regulation of rosmarinic acid biosynthesis in hairy root cultures of Agastache rugosa.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.24 no.5
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• pp.514-520
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• 2011

This study describes conditions for the mass production of mutant hairy root lines by co-cultivation with A. rhizogenes harboring the activation tagging vector pHC7. Various sources of explants were subjected to genetic transformation with A. rhizogenes to determine optimum conditions and cultivar for the highest frequency of hairy root formation on explants. Hairy root formation also were investigated in transformed hairy roots grown in various culture media. Finally, a total of approximately 2,500 lines of hairy root mutants were produced in this study. A managing system for metabolomics in hairy root lines also were established. These hairy root lines will be useful to determine functions of genes relating biosynthesis pathway of secondary metabolites.

• Korean Journal of Plant Tissue Culture
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.21-25
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• 1998

The effects of sucrose concentration and some absorbents on growth and tropane alkaloid production in hairy root cultures of Scopolia parviflora were investigated. The maximum effect on growth and tropane alkaloid production in hairy root clone SP11 was obtained for 1/2 B5 medium containing 5% sucrose. The production pattern of tropane alkaloid in hairy roots was some different from that of rhizome of mother plant, particulary showing high littorine contents, which was not found in ordinary roots. Among absorbents examined, charcoal 0.01% and XAD-II 1% made a slight growth promotion effect, whereas the other concentration of charcoal, XAD-II and absorbents (amberlite and chitosan) showed inhibition or no significant effect. The addition of hydroxyapatite enhanced the production of tropane alkaloids significantly than control cultures.

• Korean Journal of Plant Tissue Culture
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• v.25 no.6
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• pp.507-514
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• 1998

The effects of media and elicitors on betalain, phytolaccoside G and D2 production were examined in the hairy roots of Phytolacca esculenta van Houtte induced by Agrobacterium tumefaciens $A_4$T. Phytolaccoside G and D2 from Phytolacca hairy roots PEH2 were identified by TLC, HPLC, IR, Mass, $^1$H-NMR, and ^(13)C-NMR. Among the culture media tested, SH medium was the best for hairy root growth of hairy roots. White medium was the most suitable medium for betalain production, while MS medium was for phytolaccoside G and D2 production. Although the growth of hairy roots was supped by light (1,000 Lux), the production of betalain, phytolaccoside G and D2 was enhanced by the same light treatment. Addition of elicitors such as NaF, chitosan, and yeast extract to the culture medium increased the content of betalain, phytolaccoside G and D2, suggesting the importance of culture condition for the production of those componds.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.46-54
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• 1995

The physiological characteristics of carrot hairy roots and suspension cells were examined based on their nutritional requirements. Inorganic nutrient (phosphorous and ammonium) requirements of carrot hairy roots were similar to those of suspension cells. Optimal sucrose concentration for the growth of hairy roods (7%) was different from that of suspension cells (3%). Since suspension cells were move easily affected by the environmental condition, e.g., osmotic stress, than hairy roofs which made the suitable growth condition for cells, it can be understood that optimal sucrose concentration for the growth of hairy roots was higher than that for the growth of the suspension cells. To investigate the roles of sucrose on the growth of hairy roots, the effects of sucrose on the fresh weight and dry weight was analysed by the addition of mannitol as an osmolicum. Sucrose acts also as an energy source for hairy roots rather than as an osmotic regulator, since the increase of dry weight was higher than that of fresh weight at the given sucrose concentration.