• The KIPS Transactions:PartC
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• v.13C no.1 s.104
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• pp.83-94
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• 2006

This paper describes ATM cell encipherment method using Rijndael Algorithm adopted as an AES(Advanced Encryption Standard) by NIST in 2001. ISO 9160 describes the requirement of physical layer data processing in encryption/decryption. For the description of ATM cell encipherment method, we implemented ATM data encipherment equipment which satisfies the requirements of ISO 9160, and verified the encipherment/decipherment processing at ATM STM-1 rate(155.52Mbps). The DES algorithm can process data in the block size of 64 bits and its key length is 64 bits, but the Rijndael algorithm can process data in the block size of 128 bits and the key length of 128, 192, or 256 bits selectively. So it is more flexible in high bit rate data processing and stronger in encription strength than DES. For tile real time encryption of high bit rate data stream. Rijndael algorithm was implemented in FPGA in this experiment. The boundary of serial UNI cell was detected by the CRC method, and in the case of user data cell the payload of 48 octets (384 bits) is converted in parallel and transferred to 3 Rijndael encipherment module in the block size of 128 bits individually. After completion of encryption, the header stored in buffer is attached to the enciphered payload and retransmitted in the format of cell. At the receiving end, the boundary of ceil is detected by the CRC method and the payload type is decided. n the payload type is the user data cell, the payload of the cell is transferred to the 3-Rijndael decryption module in the block sire of 128 bits for decryption of data. And in the case of maintenance cell, the payload is extracted without decryption processing.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.39 no.9
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• pp.527-533
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• 2017

Environmental concern about smart phone is growing because it has short product life span while having intensive production technology and cost. In this study environmental impact of the smart phone is quantified using the LCA methodology based on the ISO 14040 series standards. The assessment considers potential environmental impacts across the whole life cycle of the smart phone including; pre-manufacturing; manufacturing; distribution; product use; and end-of-life stages. The pre-manufacturing stage is the most dominant life cycle stage causing the highest environmental impacts among all 10 impact categories assessed. The global warming impacts of the smart phone in the pre-manufacturing, distribution, use, manufacturing, and end-of-life stages were 52.6% 23.9%, 15.7%, 7.0%, and 0.8%, respectively. Sensitivity of the life cycle impact assessment results to the system boundary definition and assumptions made were quite high. Three components of the smart phone, PCB, battery, and display module were identified as the key components causing majority of the potential environmental impact in the pre-manufacturing stage. As such the slim and light-weight design and the use of environmental friendly materials are important design factors for reducing the environmental impact of the smart phone.

• Membrane Journal
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.367-373
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• 2017

Pressurized membrane module systems, including hollow fiber type of Microfiltration (MF) and Ultrafiltration (UF) membranes are being increasingly used in drinking water treatment due to their high removal efficiency of pathogen. However, when fibers are damaged in pressurized membrane system, the pathogen will be able to penetrate the membrane. Therefore, it is essential to guarantee the regulatory requirements for water quality by an effective on-line or off-line condition integrity monitoring methods. Recently, pressure decay test (PDT) which is one of membrane integrity tests has been reflected to drinking water treatment plants using pressurized membrane module. In this paper, three different method were used to perform PDT and three different sensitivity values were analyzed through experiments. Three types of direct integrity test methods were applied to pressure feed side, filtrate side and bidirectional pressure decay test. The results of these experiments show that the sensitivity was increasing when the volume of pressurized gas was decreasing. The sensitivity is inversely proportional to the gas volume. Furthermore, it is desirable to increase pressure difference between feed side and permeate side in order to achieve higher sensitivity in the PDT by membrane damage.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SP
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• v.43 no.3 s.309
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• pp.25-33
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• 2006

This paper proposed device-independent color matching algorithm based on the 3D RGB lookup table (LUT) between mobile camera and mobile LCD (Liquid Crystal Display) to improve the color-fidelity. Proposed algorithm is composed of thee steps, which is device characterization, gamut mapping, 3D RGB-LUT design. First, the characterization of mobile LCD is executed using the sigmoidal function, different from conventional method such as GOG (Gain Offset Gamma) and S-curve modeling, based on the observation of electro-optical transfer function of mobile LCD. Next, mobile camera characterization is conducted by fitting the digital value of GretagColor chart captured under the daylight environment (D65) and tristimulus values (CIELAB) using the polynomial regression. However, the CIELAB values estimated by polynomial regression exceed the maximum boundary of the CIELAB color space. Therefore, these values are corrected by linear compression of the lightness and chroma. Finally, gamut mapping is used to overcome the gamut difference between mobile camera and moible LCD. To implement the real-time processing, 3D RGB-LUT is designed based on the 3D RGB-LUT and its performance is evaluated and compared with conventional method.

• The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.65-71
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• 2019

Conventional methods of measuring ground resistance and ground resistance field measurement are used to measure voltage drop according to the resistance value of the site by applying current by installing a constant interval of measurement electrode. If the stratified structure of the site site is unique, errors in boundary conditions will occur in the event of back acid and the analysis of the critical ground resistance in the ground design will show much difference from simulation. This study utilizes the Arduino module and smart ground measurement technology in the convergent information and communication environment to develop a reliable smart land resistance measuring device even if the top layer of land is unique, to analyze the land resistance and accumulate data to predict the change in the age of the land. Considering the topographical characteristics of the site, we propose a ground resistance measuring device and its method of measuring ground resistance so that the auxiliary electrode can be installed by correctly positioning the angle and distance in measuring ground resistance. Not only is ground resistance value obtained through electrodes installed to allow accurate ground resistance values to be selected, but it can also be used as a useful material for installing electrical facilities in similar areas. Moreover, by utilizing reliable data and analyzing the large sections of the site, a precise analysis of the site, which is important in ground design as well as construction cost, is expected to be used much in ground facility design such as potential rise.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.61-66
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• 2010

The purpose of this experiment is to analyze the basic status of brain. Which are consist of rest, attention and concentration, of the brain by measuring the temperature of color by changing RGB color after manufacturing LED-illumination stand. Basic status (rest, attention and concentration) of experimenter were measured temperature of colors having three difference temperature like as $2,300^{\circ}K$, $4,000^{\circ}K$ and $6,000^{\circ}K$. The results was shown that experimenter feels more comfortable and relaxation by decreasing the temperature of color. For example we can see the little increase of concentration index at $4,000^{\circ}K$ condition and we can estimate that right brain can be more activated at the $4,000^{\circ}K$ condition. But we can not find out any different at the $6,000^{\circ}K$ condition. Main cause of no difference from the color temperature was the similarity of color temperature under the general fluorescent lamp. And interface temperature of radiant heat design results LED and PCB was approximately 80 degrees to COMSOL Multiphysics, and changed until approximately 50 degrees until a floor plane of PCB, and verification as arranged chip LED to metal PCB, and it was possible, and a near radiant heat design was confirmed to an approximate value of, as a result, acid manufacture.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.509-514
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• 2020

The conventional TTS system consists of several modules, including text preprocessing, parsing analysis, grapheme-to-phoneme conversion, boundary analysis, prosody control, acoustic feature generation by acoustic model, and synthesized speech generation. But TTS system with deep learning is composed of Text2Mel process that generates spectrogram from text, and vocoder that synthesizes speech signals from spectrogram. In this paper, for the optimal Korean TTS system construction we apply Tacotron2 to Tex2Mel process, and as a vocoder we introduce the methods such as WaveNet, WaveRNN, and WaveGlow, and implement them to verify and compare their performance. Experimental results show that WaveNet has the highest MOS and the trained model is hundreds of megabytes in size, but the synthesis time is about 50 times the real time. WaveRNN shows MOS performance similar to that of WaveNet and the model size is several tens of megabytes, but this method also cannot be processed in real time. WaveGlow can handle real-time processing, but the model is several GB in size and MOS is the worst of the three vocoders. From the results of this study, the reference criteria for selecting the appropriate method according to the hardware environment in the field of applying the TTS system are presented in this paper.

• Membrane Journal
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• v.4 no.4
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• pp.221-231
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• 1994

The GR51PP(MWCO 50,000) and GR40PP(MWCO 100,000) membranes manufactured by DDS were used in ultrafiltration of dextran(Mw. : 500,000) solution in flat plate ultrafiltration cell filled with various types of turbulence promoters. The flux improvement by using turbulence promoter was higher in laminar flow region than in turbulent flow region. The maximum improvements of permeate flux were foud as 112% and 50% I laminar flow region and turbulent flow region, respectively. Also, the solute rejection of the ultrafiltration membrane was improved by turbulence promoters and its effect was significant in the high transmembrane pressure and laminar flow region. The smaller the spacer mesh size was used, the higher the flux improved, but the pressure drop in ultrafiltration cell also increased. In laminar flow region, pressure drop by the spacer was negligible, but in turbulent flow region it changed significantly depending upon the mesh size of the spacer and therefore, its mesh size must be baken into account in the design of the process. The predicted results of the modified mass transfer correlation had better agreement with experimental results than those of unmodified one, The modified mass transfer correlations for laminar and turbulent flow region are shown as follow. $N_{sh}=0.151(N_{Re})^{0.199}(N_{Sc})^{0.22}(N_{Scm})^{0.197}\;(625 $N_{sh}=0.0165(N_{Re})^{0.428}(N_{Sc})^{0.33}(N_{Scm})^{0.223}\;(5015

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.178-184
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• 2015

This paper proposes a hardware architecture for high performance Deblocking filter(DBF) in High Efficiency Video Coding for UHD(Ultra High Definition) videos. This proposed hardware architecture which has less processing time has a 4-stage pipelined architecture with two filters and parallel boundary strength module. Also, the proposed filter can be used in low-voltage design by using clock gating architecture in 4-stage pipeline. The segmented memory architecture solves the hazard issue that arises when single port SRAM is accessed. The proposed order of filtering shortens the delay time that arises when storing data into the single port SRAM at the pre-processing stage. The DBF hardware proposed in this paper was designed with Verilog HDL, and was implemented with 22k logic gates as a result of synthesis using TSMC 0.18um CMOS standard cell library. Furthermore, the dynamic frequency can process UHD 8k($7680{\times}4320$) samples@60fps using a frequency of 150MHz with an 8K resolution and maximum dynamic frequency is 285MHz. Result from analysis shows that the proposed DBF hardware architecture operation cycle for one process coding unit has improved by 32% over the previous one.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2018.05a
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• pp.395-395
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• 2018

기후변화 및 토지이용변화에 따라 강우량 및 증발산량 등과 같은 물순환계 구성요소가 변화하면 유역에서의 물순환계가 영향을 받게 된다. 이렇게 변화된 유역의 물순환계를 종합적으로 관리하기 위해서는 물순환 개선 기술을 통한 지속가능하고 건전한 물순환체계의 구축이 필요하다. 유역 물순환 개선 기술은 기후변화가 진행 중에 있거나 예상되는 지역에 대하여 강우-유출수를 지연, 저류, 침투시켜 지속가능한 물순환체계를 유지 회복하도록 하는 기술이라 할 수 있다. 한국건설기술연구원에서는 기후변화 대비 수자원 적응기술 개발 연구단(CCAW, Climate Change Adaptation for Water resources)의 연구비 지원을 받아 유역 건전성 및 취약성을 평가 하고 취약한 유역에 대한 물순환 개선기술을 확보하기 위한 연구를 수행 중에 있다. 특히, 수년간 국가연구개발사업을 통해 개발되고 사업화에 성공한바 있는 유역 물순환 평가 모형인 CAT(Catchment hydrologic cycle Assessment Tool)을 수정 개선하여 수요자 중심의 활발한 현장 적용을 도모하고 있다. 본 연구에서는 개발된 유역 물순환 개선 및 평가시스템의 적용성 평가를 위하여 대상유역으로 태국의 Lam Takhong 저수지 유역을 선정하였다. Lam Takhong 저수지 유역은 유역면적은 $1,423km^2$이며 저류량은 약 $440{\times}106m^3$이다. 입력자료인 DEM, Land Cover 자료는 USGS Hydro1K (https://earthexplorer.usgs.gov/), 하천망 및 유역경계 자료는 USGS HydroSHEDS (https://hydrosheds.cr.usgs.gov/dataavail.php), 기상 및 관측 유입량, 저수지 제원 등의 자료는 APEC 기후센터의 협조를 받아 1976년부터 2016년까지의 일단위 자료를 이용하였다. 모의결과는 저수지 월별 관측 유입량과 상류 유역의 모의 유출량을 이용하여 비교-분석 하였다. Lam Takhong 저수지 상류 유역은 APEC 기후센터에서 SWAT 모형을 이용하여 저수지 유입량 분석을 수행한 바 있다. 따라서 본 연구의 결과를 SWAT 모의결과와 비교하여 그 적용성을 검증하였다. 월별 관측 유입량과 저수지 상류 유역 모의 유출량을 비교한 결과 CAT의 경우 결정계수(R2) 값이 0.86, SWAT은 0.76으로 나타나 CAT의 적용 결과가 좀 더 우수한 것으로 나타났다. 모의 결과는 매개변수 최적화 과정을 거치지 않은 결과이며 SWAT 모형과의 결과 비교를 위하여 매개변수는 동일하게 적용하였다. 향후 매개변수 최적화 모듈을 통해 검 보정 단계를 거친다면 정밀한 분석이 가능할 것으로 판단된다.