• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.29 no.6
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• pp.628-638
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• 2023

Maritime Autonomous Surface ships(MASS) are gradually gaining importance. Until fully autonomous ships are developed, they will likely be controlled by remote operators who are based in a Remote Operations Center. However, there is currently no internationally or domestically established licensing for them. This issue can potentially pose a risk to navigation safety due to operations being handled by unqualified remote operators. We conducted a literature review and proposed criteria for the adoption of a licensing system for remote operators. We have futher offered alternatives to integrate this license into the existing officer licensing system, and analyzed them using Analytic Hierarchy Process(AHP). Subsequently,, theprimary need to enact legislation for remote operators is observed. The most preferred approach is to include the occupation of a remote operator in the Ship Officer Act, Article 4: Occupational Categories and Class of Licenses. Therefore, it would be logical for the organizational structure of the Remote Operation Center to mirror the traditional Bridge Resource Management. This study will contribute to the efficient training of remote operators and the safe navigation of autonomous ships with a focus on human resource management.

• Nuclear industry
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• v.6 no.3 s.37
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• pp.30-35
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• 1986

• 월간 기계설비
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• s.2
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• pp.88-92
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• 1990

• 동위원소뉴스
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• no.3 s.51
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• pp.3-7
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• 2001

• 동위원소뉴스
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• no.10 s.10
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• pp.1-1
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• 1997

• The Korean Society of Law and Medicine
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.117-137
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• 2022

Today, the medical system is changing into a comprehensive health care system in which collaborative relationships between medical professionals and non-medical personnels in neighboring occupational areas. The current medical act brands such "collaboration" as unlicensed medical practice, and punishes non-medical personnel who acted in the risk management of doctors as well as doctors collaborated with non-medical personnel as unlicensed medical practice. In order to narrow the gap between the legal system that regulates unlicensed medical practices and the medical reality, it is necessary to overcome the structural limitations of dualistic, nationalistic, and identity-oriented regulation of unlicensed medical practices. The legal interests of unlicensed medical practice have a dual nature as a personal legal interest of "human life and body" as well as a national legal interest of "maintenance and protection of the nation's medical license system", and it should be noted that the criteria for judging the legal interests protected by the regulations of criminal punishment should be found in "personal legal interest theory." In addition, when determining which behavior is a medical practice and evaluating its risk, the dimension of behavior and measures should be considered in a fair manner without being biased against the subject (identity) of the action. In other words, judging unlicensed medical practice should depend on whether the risk of side effects that may result from the act is reasonably managed. Considering the prospect of therapeutic dialogue between medical professionals and patients, it would be desirable for medical law policies to move in a way that does not fundamentally block the possibility of collaboration among pluralistic medical personalities.

• The Korean Society of Law and Medicine
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.3-30
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• 2021

Reasons for disqualification to restrict a medical person's license should be considered in functional and moral terms. In this sense, the grounds for disqualification of medical personnel should be expanded to include all crimes that have been declared to be "imprisonment without labor or greater punishment" by a court. Because a sentence of "imprisonment without labor or greater punishment" means that it is highly reprehensible and undermines the trust of the state as well as the trust in medical personnel. Therefore, the expansion of the scope of license restrictions for medical personnel cannot be regarded as a violation of "the Less Restrictive Alternative" rule. However, it is necessary to reflect the specificity of medical services in the license restrictions of medical personnel. This is because not all diseases can be treated with current medical services. In addition, unpredictable situations can occur at any time during medical practice. Consequently, the negligence that occurs during medical practice should be carefully examined from a functional perspective of the medical personnel. And it should be treated differently from ordinary crimes. To this end, an independent license review organization should be established to establish expertise in license management.

• 월간 기계설비
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• s.95
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• pp.65-82
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• 1998

최근들어 전문건설업계의 해외건설면허 취득이 늘어남에 따라 설비건설업계에서도 해외건설면허를 확보한 회원사가 급증하고 있다. 해외건설면허는 좁은 국내시장을 탈피함은 물론 고품질 확보로 국제경쟁력 강화등 많은 장점이 있어 관심의 대상으로 부각되고 있다. 게다가 IMF한파에 대한 돌파구의 일환으로 해외건설에 대한 관심은 더욱 고조되고 있다. 이러한 시점에서 해외건설협회가 지난 4월 8일부터 10일까지 3일간 회원사들을 상대로 실시한 ${\ulcorner}$해외건설 실무교육 신임과정${\lrcorner}$교육은 관련업계의 관심을 모았다. 본지는 독자적인 해외건설 진출에 미숙한 설비건설업계의 사정을 고려, ${\ulcorner}$해외건설 실무교육 신임과정${\lrcorner}$ 교육중 해외건설 관계법령 및 정책방향을 게재한다.

• Information and Communications Magazine
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• v.31 no.11
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• pp.73-78
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• 2014

본고에서는 현재 급증하고 있는 모바일 트래픽을 수용하기 위하여 제안된 LTE-U기술의 개념 및 특성, 요구사항 등을 살펴보고자 한다. 비면허 대역을 이용한 LTE-U 혹은 LTE-LAA 기술은 WiFi와 동일한 주파수 대역을 이용하기 때문에 두 방식간의 공존문제가 중요하게 다루어져야 한다. 또한 주파수 정책과 기술의 밀접한 관련성을 고려하여 다양한 LTE-U 기술 채용 시나리오와 후보 주파수 대역을 비교, 분석하여 5G 이동통신시스템 개발 및 연구에 있어서 비면허 대역을 이용한 기술 관련한 현황 및 시사점을 도출해보고자 한다.

• The Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.15-28
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• 2020

After the driver test was simplified in 2011, there were criticisms of its inadequate level of safety standards. A new and improved test was adopted in December 2016. This study investigated the impact of the changes to the test on safety, and analyzed traffic safety statistics and sensory evaluations to determine the effect of the improved driving license test. The analysis concluded that the current test has a proper discrimination and that fairness has increased considerably. The analysis also identified measures that, once adopted, will improve the conduct of driver tests. In the future, it will be necessary to conduct more in-depth studies and to review cases of advanced countries.