• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.41 no.5
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• pp.572-577
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• 2009

The effects of cereal (rice, brown rice, barley, glutinous rice) ethanol extracts on the proliferation, nitric oxide (NO) production, and level of tumor necrosis factor-${\alpha}$ (TNF-${\alpha}$) in B and T lymphocytes, isolated from human blood cells of sasang constitution, were examined in vitro. The rice, brown rice, and glutinous rice ethanol extract, which are known as suitable for eumin (taeumin and soeumin) constitutions, showed the highest activities for proliferation, NO production, and TNF-${\alpha}$ concentration, respectively. However, the barley ethanol extract, which is known tobe suitable for yangin (taeyangin and soyangin) constitutions, showed the highest overall activities for proliferation, NO production, and TNF-${\alpha}$ concentration. The different immunological activities of the cereal extracts in sasang constitution lymphocytes might be due to their individual components. Thus, determination of components from the cereal extracts suitable for sasang constitution could be useful in new food developments.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.82-89
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• 2010

This study was investigated to analyze the contents of flavonoid compounds and the effects of fermentation on the physiological activities of medical plants, also known as SanYa (SY). Antioxidative activity of the fermented SanYa (FSY) was measured by using DPPH radical scavenging and SOD-like activity. DPPH radical scavenging and SOD-like activity of FSY were 94.3% and 45.0%, respectively. Nitric oxide (NO) synthesis was increased 11 times through the addition of FSY. However, NO production of the macrophages RAW264.7 cells stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was reduced to 56% through the addition of FSY. FSY showed fibrinolytic activity and indicated about 69.8% and 73.7% of xanthine oxidase and angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitory activities, respectively. These results suggested that FSY plays a significant role in fibrinolytic activity and have strong xanthine oxidase and angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitory activities.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.313-319
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• 2009

The marine microalga Spirulina maxima was extracted using water or ethanol at 100 or $80^{\circ}C$ and by ultrasonification in water at $60^{\circ}C$. The ultrasonification technique generated the highest yield (19.8%). To be therapeutically useful, the extraction should yield a product with low cytotoxicity and high immunity against skin infections. The cytotoxicity of all extracts (1.0 mg/mL) was below 25%. Moreover, the cytotoxicity of the extract generated by ultrasonification was 5%. Extracts prepared in the described manners could inhibit hyaluronidase activity by up to 40% compared to the control. Increased growth of human B, T and NK cells and an increase in cytokine secretion were observed, confirming the interrelationship between both human immune and skin immune activity. The extract prepared by ultrasonification increased the growth of human B, T and NK cells up to $10.3{\times}10^4$ cells/mL, $11.3{\times}10^4$ cells/mL and $19.1{\times}10^4$ cells/mL, respectively. The extract prepared by ultrasonification also greatly increased the secretion of both IL-6 and $TNF-{\alpha}$. Moreover, it was estimated that protein, Na and leucine occupy a high ratio. Accordingly, this study has confirmed that extracts prepared as described have the potential to effectively increase skin immunity.

• Food Industry And Nutrition
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.27-34
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• 2002

해바라기를 주원료로 한 복합조성물인 해바톤(HYE-BATON, (주) 새벽을여는사람들)의 면역활성 증진효과와 당뇨 및 지질대사에 미치는 영향을 분석하였다. 시험관 내에서 HYEBATON을 첨가하여 먼역세포를 배양한 결과 면역세포가 현저하게 활성화되었다. 생쥐에 HYEBATON을 투여한 결과 세포 매개성 면역반응이 증진되었으며, 암세포 이식 생쥐에서 종양의 생장을 억제시켜 생존기간을 연장시키는 경향을 보였다. 또한, HYEBATON이 혈당과 지질 대사에 미치는 영향을 흰쥐에서 살펴보았다. 쥐를 정상식이군, streptozotocin (STZ) 투여에 의한 당뇨군, 고지방식이군으로 나누어 HYEBATON을 7주간 투여하였다. 경구포도당 내성 검사에서 HYEBATON은 당뇨군의 증가된 공복시 혈당을 감소시켰으며, 경구로 포도당을 투여 시에도 당뇨군의 혈당을 계속 낮게 유지시켰다. HYE-BATON 이 지질대사에 미치는 영향을 살펴본 결과, HYE-BATON은 정상식이군, 당뇨군, 고지방 식이군의 혈중 및 간의 콜레스테롤과 지질의 양을 유의성 있게 감소시키거나 혹은 감소시키는 영향으 ?보였다. 한편, 시험관내 유전독성시험 및 생지의 급성독성시험에서 HYE-BATON은 안전한 것으로 평가되었다. 이러한 결과로 보아 HYEBATON은 면역활성 증진효과 뿐만아니라 당뇨 쥐의 혈당 및 지질대사 개선효과를 보였으므로, 면역증징 및 당뇨와 지질대사 개선을 위한 기능성 식품으로서 활용이 기대된다.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.547-553
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• 2001

Glycoprotein from the water extract of dried root barks of slippery Elm was investigated for its anticancer immunostimulating activity, The glycoprotein contained molecular weight 15,000 to 500,000 Da, total carbohydrates 55.8 to 72.1%), total uronic acid 30.0 to 30.5%, and total proteins 5.0 to 6.1%. The anticancer immunostimulating activities were examined for both in vitro bioassays such as immune cell proliferation assay, mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR), direct mitogenicity, T-dependent antibody production, and in vivo bioassays such as septic shock test and anticancer activity test in B16 melanoma transplanted mouse model. In vivo assay, the glycoprotein at the concentration of 3 mg/kg showed the best result that median survival time increased to about 140% in contrast to control groups.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.554-561
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• 2001

Immunostimulating exopolysaccharides with anticancer activity produced by Enterobacter sp. SSYL(KCTC 0687BP), isolated from Chinese elm(Ulmus sp.) were investigated. The exopolysaccharide contains molecular weight 100,000 to 1,000,000 Da and total carbohydrates 43.0 to 70.8%, total uronic acid 7.1 7o 12.4%, and total proteins 15.4 to 20.6%. Compositions and contents of sugars in the exopolysaccharides are 10-30% glucose, less than 1% fructose, 10-15% galactose, 8-12% fucose, and 40-70% glucuronic acid. The anticancer immunostimulating activities were examined and proved with regard to both in vitro and in vivo bioassays. In vivo assay, the glycoprotein at the concentration of 0.3 mg/kg showed the best result that median survival time in creased to ca. 138.1% in contrast to control groups.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.183-191
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• 2021

Euglena gracilis is a microalga of great biotechnological interest that can create high levels of bioactive compounds, such as tocopherol, paramylon, and folic acid. The objective of this study was to investigate the biological activities of extracts from E. gracilis, especially those focused on immunological activity. E. gracilis biomass was extracted with hot water (HWE) and the remaining pellet was continuously extracted with methanol (HWME). First, we examined the effect of two extracts from E. gracilis on the production of nitric oxide (NO) and the expression of pro-inflammation cytokines, including IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α in murine macrophage RAW 264.7 cells. HWE treatment dose-dependently increased the production of IL-1β and TNF-α. On the other hand, treatment with HWME significantly decreased the generation of NO and pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-6 and TNF-α) in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated macrophage cells. In addition, other biological activities of the extracts were further analyzed: α-glucosidase inhibition, protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTP1B) inhibition, tyrosinase inhibition, xanthine oxidase (XO) inhibition, and angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibition. Analysis of these biological activities showed that HWE has more inhibitory effects than HWME against α-glucosidase, tyrosinase, and XO agents. However, the inhibition of PTP1B and ACE with HWME were higher than with HWE. Taken together, the results suggested that E. gracilis possesses various biological activities―especially immunological capabilities―through regulation of cytokine production. Therefore, E. gracilis extract may be potentially useful for food material with immune-regulating effects.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.126-131
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• 2016

This study examined the immunostimulatory activities on a 70% ethanol extract of raw garlic (RG) and steamed garlic (SG) grown in Korea, Japan, and America using primary immune cells isolated from the blood of Soyangin, Taeumin, and Soeumin volunteers. The Soeumin showed the highest cell proliferation, NO and $TNF-{\alpha}$ production from the immune cells treated with a 70% ethanol raw garlic extract (RGE), followed Taeumin, and Soyangin. The constitution differences were not observed for the same ethanol streamed garlic extract (SGE) and the SGE showed stronger immunostimulatory activities than RGE. The immunostimulatory activities of RG and SG showed a significant difference among countries and the immunostimulatory activities were the highest in RG and SG grown in Korea, followed by RG and SG grown in Japan, RG and SG grown in America. The effect of RGE and SGE on antioxidant activity showed similar trends.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.15 no.6
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• pp.398-404
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• 2007

This study was performed to investigate the enhancement of anticancer activities and immuno modulatary activities from R. coreanus. by ultra high pressure extracts process. The cytotoxicity on human kidney cell (HEK293) was showed below 19.5% in adding 1.0 $mg/m{\ell}$ concentration. The anticancer activity was increased over 10% by high pressure processing in AGS and A549 cells. The immune cell growth using human immune B and T cells was improved by the high pressure extracts of Rubus coreanus in adding 1.0 $mg/m{\ell}$ concentration. The secretion of two kinds of cytokine, the IL-6 and $TNF-{\alpha}$ from human immune B and T cells were also enhanced in adding extracts by high pressure process of R. coreanus. The ultra high pressure extraction technique showed high efficiency in extracting of bioactive compound. The ultra high pressure technique could be used combined with other technique to improve the extracting rate and extracting efficiency.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.255-260
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• 2005

To make Chungkuk-jang with enhanced fibrinolytic and immunostimulating activities, 220 strains isolated from Chungkuk-jangs were tested, and 13 Bacillus strains with excellent proteolytic and polysaccharide-producing activities were selected and tested for their fibrinolytic and immunostimulating activities using fibrin plate method and RAW 264.7 cell line, respectively. To assess macrophage activation, contents of cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor ($TNF-{\alpha}$) and $interleukin-1{\alpha}$ and nitric oxide were measured. Three strains showing highest fibrinolytic and immunostimulating activities were identified as Bacillus licheniformis (CHKJ 1249, 1326) and Bacillus subtilis (CHKJ 1339).