• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.198-209
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• 2011

In this study, pre-service science teachers' reflective thinking in their journal writing was investigated. To do this, the authors used pre-service science teachers' journal writing abilities, wherein they not only reported data and result formally, but also wrote their feelings and reflections about an inquiry-based physics experiment they performed. Pre-service science teachers' writings were decomposed into sentences and each sentence was analyzed into a framework with 4 dimensions: knowledge, procedure, orientation and attitude. Reflective thinking in knowledge dimension included reflection on what they know before the experiment, what they still do not know and what they learned from the experiment. Reflective thinking in procedure dimension included recalls of experiences about general experimental procedures and specific experimental skill. Reflective thinking in orientation dimension included their views about the nature of science and science teaching and learning, and reflective thinking in attitude dimension consisted of interests, motives and values about the experiment they performed. While there were some variations in frequency distribution of reflective thinking by the topic of experiments, pre-service science teachers' reflective thinking in journal writings revealed their metacognition on their knowledge and learning, epistemological belief about science and science learning, and affective domain related to experiment. This study can infer that such kind of writing with 'their own language' in an informal way followed by formal 'scientific' reports in a scientific experiment has a significance not only as a mediator representing reflective thinking but also as an instructional activity to facilitate reflective thinking in science learning and teaching.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• v.57 no.1
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• pp.31-60
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• 2005

This study was performed to analyze empowerment process of the disabled. Participants were 11 disabled college students and they were individually face-to-face in-depth interviewed until data were saturated. This study used the grounded theory approach based on Strauss and Corbin(1998). With the qualitative constant comparative analysis, 105 concepts, 22 subcategories, and 12 categories were generated. In the axial coding, a paradigm model was proposed as follows: The central phenomenon of the empowerment process of the disabled adolescents was 'Rising from the Limits'. The causal conditions were 'Just living' and 'realizing disabilities'. The contextual conditions were 'Being excluded', 'But wishing', and 'Breaking down'. The intervening conditions were 'Without giving up' and 'Taking support'. The action/interaction strategies were 'Grasping own lifestyle' and 'Being proactive'. The consequences were 'Acquiring the self-control', 'Getting generosity', and 'Participating in society'. In the selective coding, the core category was 'to live together stately with grasping own lifestyle pro-actively as the disabled'. Based on the core category, three types and 4 stages of the empowerment process of the disabled adolescents were found. The types were 'Social change oriented type', 'Self-development oriented type', and 'Passive effort oriented type' and the stages took 'Isolation stage', 'Rising stage', 'Mastering stage' and 'Stately being together stage'. In particular, this process had the circulation structure of which these 4 stages are not terminated, and developed and repeated. In conclusion, these results convey to us the understanding and knowledge about empowerment process of the disabled as their healthy -whole and unique- development process. And some implications and suggestions for the social work services and theories about the disabled focusing on the pre-adulthood period.

• Journal of the Korean earth science society
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• v.26 no.6
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• pp.511-523
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• 2005

The purpose of this study is to analyze the 1st and 2nd Korea Earth Science Olympiad (KESO) items, in order to find informations to enhance item quality. To do this, internal and external item classification frameworks are developed. Item difficulty (P), discrimination index (DI), correlation, and reliability are estimated by using classical test theory. Generalizability is also estimated by applying the generalizability theory. The results of item classification are as follows: (1) ‘Geology’, ‘astronomy’ and ‘data analysis and interpretation’ are dominant in content and inquiry process domain, respectively. Nearly every item has textbook context. (2) There is no difference between the preliminary and final tests in terms of their thinking skills sections. (3) As a whole, the ratio of items with pictures is high in item representation. However, multiple-choice and short answer items are more common in preliminary competition, and essay type items are found more often in final competition. The ratio of simple items is high in middle school section and preliminary competition, but composite items are dominant in high school section and final competition. The findings of item analysis are as follows: (1) In the middle school section, P is low and DI is moderate. But in the high school section, there is a considerable differences between science high schools and other high schools in general. (2) The highest correlation is reported between the scores of meteorology domain and total score in middle school, whereas in high school astronomy domain and total score show the highest correlation. (3) General high school section show the highest Cronbach $\alpha$ and generalizability. (4) General high school section show acceptable generalizability coefficient (> 0.80), but middle and science high school section should increase the number of items to reach acceptable generalizability level.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.232-242
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• 2007

Background : The safety and efficacy of trabeculectomy with Mitomycin C (MMC) for surgical treatment in aphakic and pseudophaic eyes were retrospectively evaluated. Materials and Methods : The authors reviewed 51 eyes of 45 patients who had been followed up for at least 6 months after trabeculectomy using MMC for aphakic and pseudophakic eyes. The success rate and complications were analyzed. The success criteria included intraocular pressures of 21 mmHg or less with or without glaucoma medications and no loss of light perception. Surgical failure was defined as a postoperative loss of light perception in patients with preoperative vision better than light perception, additional glaucoma surgery, or phthisis bulbi in patients with preoperative vision of no light perception. Results : The average follow up period was 27.7 months and the intraocular pressure was controlled under 21 mmHg in 36 eyes of 51 (70.6%) after the procedure with or without medication for glaucoma. Using the Kaplan-Meier survival analysis, the cumulative success rate at the 3-, 6-, 12-, 24- and 36-month intervals were 98.0%, 94.1%, 91.9%, 83.4% and 75.5%, respectively. The complications observed were hyphema (4 eyes), serous choroidal detachment (4 eyes), hypotony (3 eyes), and endophthalmitis (1 eye). Conclusion : Trabeculectomy using Mitomycin C for the treatment of aphakic and pseudophaic eyes was safe and effective.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• v.35
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• pp.427-451
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• 1998

The purpose of this study is (1) to contrast the welfare state formation in Korea with that in Western European nations, and (2) to examine the historical peculiarities of the Korean welfare state formation process. For the analysis, this study uses' contrast of context' logic of comparative history and contrast the process of (1)modern state formation (2) civil society development (3) interventionist state evolution of Korea with those of Western European nations. The findings of this study are as follows: First, the distingushing role of nation state as welfare provider is very different. It is attributed to the difference in the traditional dominance structure and in the nation-bulding process of each case. Second, class cleavage of the Western Eeuropean nations has been continually mobilized for political action and converted into political resources, while it is impossible to achieve such results in Korea which has continued labor excusive regime. Third, the institutionalization patterns of welfare politics are different. In Western Eeuropean nations, public welfare benefits have been able to produce welfare coalitions and politics of solidarity. By contrast, since welfare have been thoroughly depoliticized and informalized in Korea, voters and political parties have not been able to make issues of welfare problem Due to these historical peculiarities, it seems to be impossible that Korea's underdeveloped public welfare could be changeable in near future.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• v.66 no.4
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• pp.181-205
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• 2014

The purpose of this study is to analyze the process of growth of parental empowerment of the family of the children with development disabilities in an online parental community. For this purpose, 250 posts were selected from a web-forum of an online-community(internet CAFE) for patients with developmental disabilities in a Korean portal site. In addition, the selected posts were analyzed based on the grounded theory method. The results showed that the parents with high risk children for developmental disabilities interacted with each other in short answers, self-addressing, and discussion type interactions under the causal condition in which the subject parents were in need of help and sympathy. The factors that significantly affected the focus event, which is the interactive communication between the posters of the original threads and replies, included the moderating conditions based on whether the conversation was respectful, friendly, or for general evaluation, as well as the contextual condition of exclusive attitudes. The strategies of the interactions were composed of two categories of self-reflections and sharing through a human relationship. The results of these interactions were either further interactions (sharing) or shying away. With regard to the process of reinforcing the collective empowerment of the family, the 'determination,' 'tips,' and 'empathy' models were used for the explanation of the process. Lastly, we discovered that trust, support, continuous interactions, specific and practical information, as well as provision of diversified perspectives through collective experiences are necessary to achieve such improvement of collective family empowerment.

• Journal of Korean Society of Archives and Records Management
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.71-91
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• 2012

This article attempts to examine the definition and categories of research records in order to include ethnographic data into research records by comparing the laboratory records with the ethnographic data produced in the field work. And it discusses the records management task of ethnogrpahic data using the field work data collected in the research project of 'Cultural History of Kitchen' which was carried out by one of the authors from 2002 to 2005. The authors draw out the classification of laboratory records from the previous studies on research records, apply it to the ethnographic data and illustrate the new classification and description of research records reflecting the features of ethnographic data. Doing so, the authors expand the concept of research records and provide a case study of research records management based on the collaboration between the researcher and the archivist. Ultimately this study will be a footstep toward construction of community archives and everyday life archives since the records for those archives may be as diverse as the research records based on the ethnographic data from the research project of 'Cultural History of Kitchen'.

• Journal of Korea Port Economic Association
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.1-18
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• 2019

The competition between port authorities (PAs) and terminal operating companies (TOCs) in providing port logistics services has gained importance. The PAs enter into leasing contracts with TOCs in various ways. This study aims to model a contract method that maximizes the joint profit between a PA and a TOC. Particularly, this study aims to model the equilibrium by comparing four types of contract schemes in the non-coordination, cooperation, Cournot, and collusion models. The results of the analysis show that the two-part tariff scheme generates a higher joint profit than the fixed and fee contracts. It is understood that risk- and profit-sharing between the PAs and TOCs helps the latter to maximize the throughput and the joint profit. These results are expected to provide an important theoretical basis for decision-making about port rent and freight between the PAs and TOCs.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.14 no.7
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• pp.403-409
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• 2016

This study is a food shopping experience of omni-channel. Food threats and healthy living concerns bring different channels in led to increase reasonable way such as various demand. Omni-channels should be premised on understanding customer behavior as well as empirical user types in which considerations including the value of experience and understanding consumer behavior. Online survey result showed that, (1)offline food shopping, major retail store with quality, buy fresh food directly 2~3 times a month (2)online food shopping, e-commerce site with costs, buy fruits & nuts 2~3 times a month. After in-depth interview with eight high quality participants, I analyzed needs for food shopping experience in regard to the four steps food purchasing journey then derived a persona with integral value 'health' and 'diet'. It is classified into two types. One is the primary persona, family and health oriented, considering household money 'saving', and other is secondary persona, work and personal oriented, looking forward to 'automatic supply'. The result of this study provided an insight that help us explore ways to resolve function and services in the context of a healthy and balanced diet for improving food shopping experience of omni-channel.

• Journal of Science and Technology Studies
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• v.2 no.2 s.4
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• pp.25-54
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• 2002

Without much communication, large-scale surveys of public knowledge of, and attitudes to, science (quantitative PUS) and case-study analyses of the public's understandings of science in particular (constructivist PUS) have dominated in the public understanding of science (PUS) area. Not only methodological preference but also a strong antipathy against value-orientations that each approach presumed to have and support has been barriers for quantitative PUS and constructivist PUS to benefit each other. In order to overcome such barriers, this paper demonstrates that value orientations guiding quantitative PUS have been much more diverse than what constructivist PUS researchers might think, and that quantitative PUS has indeed yielded the results consistent with and complementary to constructivist PUS. Finally this paper proposes that (1)quantitative PUS should test propositions provided by constructivist PUS, so that it can contribute much to the construction of more generalizable PUS theories and policies, and (2)constructivist PUS uses the outcome of quantitative PUS to develop more complex case studies which consider heterogeneous publics, trends of public evaluations of science, and how public attitudes to science in the abstract and public attitudes to science in particular in a specific context have effect on each other.