• Journal of the Computational Structural Engineering Institute of Korea
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• v.27 no.6
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• pp.557-564
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• 2014

In this study, we present an algorithm that conducts an unique naming process for the bridge object through the solid object identification focused on 3D straight bridge model. For the recognition of 3D objects, the numerical algorithm utilizes centroid point, and solid object on the local coordination system. It classifies the object feature set by classifying the objects and members based on the bridge direction. By doing so, unique names, which contain the information about span, members and order of the object, were determined and the suitability of this naming algorithm was examined through a truss bridge model and a bridge model with different coordinate systems. Also, the naming process based on the object feature set was carried out for the real 3D bridge model and then was applied to the module on local server and mobile device for real bridge inspection work. From the comparison of the developed naming algorithm based on object identification and the conventional one based on field inspection, it was shown that the conventional field inspection work can be effectively improved.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.30 no.4 s.81
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• pp.423-431
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• 2000

Bone remodeling is a complex process regulated by various mediators. Cytokines are known to be associated with the mechanically induced response in orthodontic tooth movement. In particular, IL-$1\beta$ stimulates bone resorption and induces osteoclast proliferation. The purpose of this study was to identify and quantify IL-$1\beta$ in human gingival crevicular fluid(GCF), and to investigate the changes in its level during orthodontic tooth movement. Twelve patients(mean age of 19.2 years) were used as the subjects. An upper canine of each patient haying treatment lot distal movements served as the experimental tooth, whereas the contralateral was used as the control. The GCF of compression and tension side of the experimental teeth and the GCF of mesial side of control teeth was taken from the each subject immediately before activation, and at 1, 24, and 168 hr after initiation tooth movement. IL-$1\beta$ amount was detected by ELISA. The concentration of IL-$1\beta$ was higher in experimental group than in the control group after treatment. Its level was elevated after initiation of tooth movement and it was the highest level at 24 hr in compression side of experimental group. But there was no significant change in control group. The results indicate that the change in IL-$1\beta$ level in GCF is associated with orthodontic tooth movement.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.43 no.4
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• pp.98-111
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• 2015

Urban environmental problems such as flooding, depletion of ground water, pollution of urban streams and the heat island effect caused by urban development and climate change can be mitigated by the improvement of the urban water cycle. For the effective planning of water cycle management it is necessary to establish aerial Hydrotope Maps, with which we can estimate the status and change of the water allowance for any site. The structure of the German water balance model BAGLUVA, which is based on soil and vegetation, was analyzed and the input data and boundary condition of the model was compared with Korean data and research results. The BAGLUVA Model consists of 5 Input categories (climate, land use, topography, soil hydrology and irrigation). The structure and interconnection of these categories are analyzed and new concepts and implementation methods of topographic factor, maximum evapotranspiration ratio, effective rooting depth and Bagrov n parameter was compared and analyzed. The relation of real evapotranspiration ($ET_a$)-maximum evapotranspiration ($ET_{max}$) - precipitation (P) was via Bagrov n factor represented. The aerial and land use oriented Hydrotope Map can help us to investigate the water balance of small catchment areas and to set goals for volume of rainwater management and LID facilities effectively in the city. Further, this map is a useful tool for implementing water resource management within landscape and urban planning.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.187-194
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• 1995

The present study aims to observe changing patterns of serum antibody to hleumuvstis calinii in normal rats of different ages and in immunosuppressed rats. The serum IgG antibody was observed by immunoblotting with crude antigen of f carinii which were purified from the lungs of infected rats. The crude antigens separated in SDS-PAGE resolved more than 20 protein bands from 20 to 200 kDa. Of them,40-45, 50-55, 116 and 200 kDa bands were major antigens of R cori.nii. Most of the normal rats of up to 4 weeks had the antibodies reacting the 4 bands, but none of 8-week-old rats revealed the specific antibody. After the rats grew for 40 weeks, all were found to have the antibody in their serum. Same pattern of serum antibody level by age was found in ELISA. When immunosuppressed rats became heavily infected, the antibody in their serum decreased distinctively. The present results suggest that antibodies in normal newborn rats are transferred from their mother and lowered up to 8 weeks. Thereafter, the levels of the antibodies begin to increase by natural exposure to R cnrinii. It was also confirmed that the intensity of P cnrinii infection is inversely related with levels of serum antibodies.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.440-445
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• 2014

The purpose of this study was to investigate anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects of essential oil from seed of Zanthoxylum schinifolium on cultured RAW 264.7 cell line. Antioxidant activity of essential oil was evaluated by two different assays as 2,2-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging and super oxide dismutase (SOD) like activities. This essential oil was tested for cell viability on RAW 264.7 cell line by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. The effects of anti-inflammatory on LPS-induced RAW 264.7 cell line was studied by the content of nitric oxide (NO) and prostagladin $E_2$ ($PGE_2$) in cells. The essential oil of seed from Zanthoxylum schinifolium obtained dose-dependently increased the scavenging activity on DPPH radical scavenging activity and SOD like activity. The essential oil showed low cytotoxicity as more than 98% cell viability in $40{\mu}g/mL^{-1}$ concentration. The essential oil of seed extracted from Zanthoxylum schinifolium presented obvious effect on inflammation. These results suggest that essential oil of seed from Zanthoxylum schinifolium may have value as the potential anti-inflammatory effects by decreasing the action of NO and $PGE_2$ and preventing the activation of oxidative.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.12 no.8
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• pp.83-90
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• 2014

Purpose - Increasing sales of PB rice products can hinder the growth of domestic brands of rice, notwithstanding that the government is promoting domestic brands of rice. This analysis evaluated the influencing relationship among the variables of PB image, product credibility, and purchase intention of consumers who have never bought PB rice, to know the factors influencing consumers' decisions to purchase PB products. Research design, data, and methodology - PB products' brand image was analyzed as the factor that has a direct effect on purchase intention. The mediation effect of credibility on PB products is also analyzed, in terms of influencing the relationship between PB products' brand image and purchase intention. The analysis is performed on consumers that have not purchased a PB product and consumers who have purchased PB products from major distributors. Data is collected through questionnaires, from 389 of responders, and the AMOS 19.0 statistics package is used as a statistical tool. Results - It is proven that brand image has direct effects on the credibility of the product, and the credibility of product has a direct effect on purchase intention. However, it is revealed that brand image does not directly affect purchase intention, but that brand image indirectly affects it through the credibility of the product. Although the customers' recognition about PB image is low, the result shows that PB products' external attributes have effects on customers' purchase intention relating to the PB product. Therefore, it is important to establish the credibility of the PB product more than other products in terms of marketing. Conclusions - The following are the implications of the study. First, in a rice brand promotion, the credibility of the product should be ensured by a uniform brand image. To ensure the credibility of a product, the RPC brand and other brands should be unified, and the unified brand image should be applied to every product. Second, the package must possess a design as well as contents that could build consumers' perception of product credibility. Products' external attributes contribute to their credibility, which leads the consumers to purchase the products, including those consumers who have never bought PB rice products. Therefore, the products' credibility and sales can be reinforced by applying information about consumers' considerations when buying the PB rice product in different colors, font sizes, and packaging designs. This study is meaningful in two ways. First, it seeks to identify an NB revitalization strategy by exploring the purchasing behavior of customers who have no experience in buying PB rice products. Second, the results of previous studies about general brands are considered and applied in this study in order to investigate the influencing relationship among different factors of PB products. However, this study is a consumer awareness investigation; therefore, its results only have limited meaning to the relationship between brand image and purchase intention.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.31 no.1 s.49
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• pp.103-109
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• 2005

UV irradiation leads to distinct changes in skin connective tissue, which is degradation of collagen. Many of these alterations in the extracellular matrix are mediated by matrix metalloproteinases. In this study, to develop a new anti-aging agent, we screened the antioxidant activity of solvent fractions from ethanolic extract of Melothria Heterophylla. Among the four solvent fractions tested, the EtOAc fraction exhibited the highest antioxidant activity. It was investigated the inhibitory effect of the EtOAc fraction on the expression and activity of MMP-1 in UVA-irradiated human dermal fibroblasts. The EtOAc fraction inhibited the activity of MMP-1 in a dose dependent manner with the $IC_{50}$ values of $9{\mu}g/mL$. Also, UVA-induced MMP-1 expression was reduced about $90\%$ by $100{\mu}g/mL$ of the EtOAc fraction but MMP-1 mRNA expression was not inhibited. Therefore, we conclude that the EtOAc fraction significantly inhibits MMP-1 expression at the protein level. From these results, we suggest that the EtOAc fraction from M. heterophylla could be used as a new anti-aging agent for the photo-damaged skin.

• The Journal of Engineering Geology
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.343-355
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• 2021

Agricultural reservoirs seek human convenience by supplying agricultural water and providing flood damage effects and rest areas at the same time, but preventing them from aging reservoirs and earthquakes is important. The safety of levees is influenced by field material properties such as soil parameter values of the granular materials that make up the levees, but since precision safety diagnosis or general literature values are diverted, the final safety factors are limited to material properties alone. Since safety factors are determined by physical characteristic values and embankment shapes and have a significant impact on safety factors, accurate contemplation is required when examining reinforced cross sections. Therefore, this study analyzed the case of reasonable and economical reinforcement intersections when designing '◯◯reservoir' in Goheung-geun, Jeollanam-do using the GEP-SLOPE program to enable rational economic design of reinforcement intersections through repeated reviews. As a result of reducing and analyzing the first, second, and third seismic reinforcement of the levees, it was confirmed that the safety ratio was secured even with a significantly smaller amount of reinforcement than the first, second, and lower slopes by obtaining design standards of 1.20. In addition, when determining all seismic reinforcement cross-sectional shapes, it was confirmed that the shape that reinforces only the lower side rather than the upper side of the slope and the entire slope was economical with minimized cross-sectional reinforcement.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.17 no.8
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• pp.265-270
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• 2019

Growing evidence suggests that mediating apoptotic cell death of ER stress plays an important role in pathological development of neurodegenerative diseases including Alzheimer's disease. The ethanol extract of Rodiola sacra (ERS) investigates whether ER stress protects neuroinvasive neuro-2A cells from homocysteine (Hcy) cell death and ER stress. In neuronal cells, Hcy markedly decreased the viability of the cells and induced the death of Annexin V-positive cells as confirmed by MTT assay. The Hcy cell viability and apoptotic loss pretreated with ERS were attenuated, and Hcy showed stress in the expression of C / EBP homologous protein, 78-kDa glucose regulatory protein and the junction of X-box binding protein-1 (xbp1) mRNA. ESR decreased Hcy-induced mRNA binding, GRP78 and CHOP cells induced Hcy-induced ER stress and apoptosis, and Western blotting revealed expression of heme oxygenase-1 and HO-1 enzyme activity Inhibition is indicative of therapeutic value for neurodegenerative diseases such as decreased cell death by hemin.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.489-496
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• 2019

This paper is a study on the evaluation of loss factor of damping treatment materials to reduce the noise and vibration for panels of railway vehicles and automobiles. In order to determine the modal parameters of damping materials, beam excitation tests were carried out using different type PVC coated aluminum and steel base beam specimens. The specimens were excited from 10 Hz to 1000 Hz frequency range using sinusoidal force, and transfer mobility data were measured by using an accelerometer. The loss factors were determined by using integrated program, based on theories of Half Power Method, Minimum Tangent Error Method, Minimum Angle Error Method and Phase Change Method, which enable to evaluate the parameters using modal circle fit and least squares error method. In the case of lower loss factor and data of linear characteristics, any method could be applied for evaluation of parameters, however the case of higher loss factor or data including non-linear characteristics, the minimum angle error method could reduce the loss factor evaluation. The obtained dynamic properties of the coating material could be used for application of Finite Element Method analyzing the noise control effects of complex structures such as carbody or under-floor boxes of rolling stock. The damping material will be very useful to control the structural noise, because the obtained modal loss factors of each mode show very good effect on over $2^{nd}$ mode frequency range.