• Proceedings of the Korean Association of Geographic Inforamtion Studies Conference
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• 2004.03a
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• pp.599-605
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• 2004

기존의 구축된 GIS 컴포넌트 혹은 개발 중이거나 향후개발을 목표로 설계단계에 있는 컴포넌트들의 최종 목표는 재사용성과 상호운용성의 가능성 여부이다. 하지만 컴포넌트 개발에 있어 시스템 개발환경의 다양성으로 인하여 그 재활용성은 생각만큼 쉬운 작업이 아니며, 특히 공간정보를 다루고 있는 GIS(Geographic Information System)분야에서의 GIS 컴포넌트 재활용은 전 세계의 산재한 각 데이터형의 포맷, 개발 환경, 운영환경을 고려하여 볼 때 시급한 일임에도 불구하고 그에 대한 노력이 상당히 미진한 실 정 이 다. 본 논문에서는 GIS 애플리케이션을 보다 효율적이고 유용하게 개발하기 위하여 GIS 컴포넌트의 개발과 관리에 이르는 전 과정을 관리 감독할 수 있는 COGIS(Component Oriented Geographic Information System)을 제안하고, COGIS 프로세스의 가이드라인이며 GIS 컴포넌트의 기능적인 면을 정의하기 위한 GCA(GIS based Component Architecture) 아키텍처를 제안하였다. 아울러 GIS 컴포넌트의 메타데이터를 분류 및 정의하여 GIS 컴포넌트의 비 기능적면을 제시하고 이를 이용하여 웹 기반 GIS 컴포넌트 등록/검색 에이전트 시스템을 개발하였으며 기존 GIS 컴포넌트 재사용 및 확장, 신규 컴포넌트의 등록, 검색이 가능하도록 한다. 사례연구로 웹 상에서 산불 발생 위험지수 표출을 위한 GIS 공간 분포도 작성이 쉽게 이루어지도록 2FDRV.avx와 2FDRC.exe 컴포넌트를 개발하였으며, COGIS 프로세스의 컴포넌트 관리방법을 통하여 여러 관련 컴포넌트를 조합함으로써 웹 기반 산불위험지수예보시스템을 구축하였다.입력 근거의 확보’, ‘갱신주체별 역할의 정의 및 유지관리 기준의 설정’, ‘분야별업무 특성을 고려한 관련 기준의 마련 및 타 시스템과 연계되는 항목을 고려한 절차 정의’ 등에 대한 다양한 접근을 시도하였다. 본 연구에서 제시하는 유지관리 모델을 기반으로 각 지자체별로 적절한 컨설팅이 진행되고 이에 따라 담당자의 실천이 이루어진다면 지자체 GIS의 투자대비 효과에 대한 기대는 이상이 아닌 현실로 다가오게 될 것이다.가오게 될 것이다. 동일하게 25%의 소유권을 가지고 있다. ？스굴 시추사업은 2008년까지 수행될 계획이며, 시추작업은 2005년까지 완료될 계획이다. 연구 진행과 관련하여, 공동연구의 명분을 높이고 분석의 효율성을 높이기 위해서 시료채취 및 기초자료 획득은 4개국의 연구원이 모여 공동으로 수행한 후의 결과물을 서로 공유하고, 자세한 전문분야 연구는 각 국의 대표기관이 독립적으로 수행하는 방식을 택하였다 ？스굴에 대한 제1차 시추작업은 2004년 3월 말에 실시하였다. 시추작업 결과, 약 80m의 시추 코아가 성공적으로 회수되어 현재 러시아 이르쿠츠크 지구화학연구소에 보관중이다. 이 시추코아는 2004년 8월 중순경에 4개국 연구팀원들에 의해 공동으로 기재된 후에 분할될 계획이다. 분할된 시료는 국내로 운반되어 다양한 전문분야별 연구에 이용될 것이다. 한편, 제2차 시추작업은 2004년 12월에서 2005년 2월 사이에 실시될 계획이다. 수백만년에 이르는 장기간에 걸쳐 지구환경변화 기록이 보존되어 있는 ？스굴호에 대한 시추사업은 후기 신생대 동안 유라시아 대륙 중부에서 일어난 지구환경 및 기후변화를 이해함과 동시에 이러한 변화가 육상생태계 및 지표지질환경에 미친 영향을 이해하는데 크게 기여할 것이다.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.31 no.2D
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• pp.295-302
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• 2011

Ubiquitous is an information communication environment which peoples could connect on network without being conscious of the network and computer condition at anytime and anywhere. Presently, advanced technology, digital cities and eco-friendly cities using Ubiquitous technology are being focused through out the world. As recent information industry and communication technology have developed remarkably, studies on intelligent structures and structural maintenance methods by combining a general idea of connecting all objects on network by interpolating computers which is called Ubiquitous Computing, and USN(Ubiquitous Sensor Network) are being attempted. In this paper, a basic experiment on penetration of RF(Radio Frequency) sensor nodes using an experimental sample setting concrete and reinforcing bar as variables is studied to estimate the possibility of applying wireless sensor networks in structures. The spring of reinforcing bars, concrete thickness, intensity of radio frequency were set up as variables, transmitting and receiving distance were checked vertically and horizontally. Moreover, Spectrum Analyzer was used for checking the magnitude of the frequency used in order to measure the reduction of radio wave exactly. The radio wave reduction was numerically analyzed, and the influence of the wavelength was analysed as well. As a result, the penetration depth in concrete without reinforcing bars was 45cm, and in reinforced concretes which reinforcing bars placed at spacing of 5cm and 15cm, the penetration depth were 37cm and 45cm each. No influence on radio wave penetration depth were found when the spacing of reinforcing bars in the reinforced concrete structures becomes over 15cm.

• Phonetics and Speech Sciences
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.29-37
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• 2020

Recently, the neural network-based deep learning algorithm has dramatically improved performance compared to the classical Gaussian mixture model based hidden Markov model (GMM-HMM) automatic speech recognition (ASR) system. In addition, researches on end-to-end (E2E) speech recognition systems integrating language modeling and decoding processes have been actively conducted to better utilize the advantages of deep learning techniques. In general, E2E ASR systems consist of multiple layers of encoder-decoder structure with attention. Therefore, E2E ASR systems require data with a large amount of speech-text paired data in order to achieve good performance. Obtaining speech-text paired data requires a lot of human labor and time, and is a high barrier to building E2E ASR system. Therefore, there are previous studies that improve the performance of E2E ASR system using relatively small amount of speech-text paired data, but most studies have been conducted by using only speech-only data or text-only data. In this study, we proposed a semi-supervised training method that enables E2E ASR system to perform well in corpus in different domains by using both speech or text only data. The proposed method works effectively by adapting to different domains, showing good performance in the target domain and not degrading much in the source domain.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.10 no.3 s.35
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• pp.297-306
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• 2005

Compendium of arithmetic, geometry, and proportions and proportionality' that was published in Venice in 1494 has been recognized as the first bookkeeping data in the world. Major characteristics of Pacioli's bookkeeping rules were reviewed in this study as follows: All the necessary particulars for double entry bookkeeping were provided in Pacioli's bookkeeping rules;. List of property was described at the time of start of business; Three major books were used; Details of daily transactions were considered to be important; Strike through was lined at each description in journal books, details of daily transactions, and list of property after entry of ledger; Amount columns were provided and Arabic numerals were used; Annual settlement custom was being initiated; Profit and loss account was prepared at year-end; Trial balance sheet was inevitably described; Books were verified prior to closing accounts; Control account was not established; Financial statements were not prepared and business analysis was made, too; Finished goods inventory was not adjusted; Mark was assigned to books; Inter-office account was prepared; Branch accounts and branch ledgers were prepared; There was entries of trust; Current arrangement was described; The principle 'Cost or market price, whichever is lower basis' was promoted: Petty cash system is explained Checks and bills of exchange are used in bank account. As mentioned, characteristics of Pacioli's bookkeeping rules were reviewed; the signs of necessity for preparation of profit and loss statement and balance sheet is found as well as preparation of trial balance sheet and the rules may be considered as a very excellent one in terms of the bookkeeping on initiating stage of double entry bookkeeping.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.15 no.4 s.71
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• pp.664-667
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• 2005

Hydrosyringomyelia is a dilation of the spinal cord central canal. In human it may be caused by congenital malformations such as Dandy-Walker syndrome and Chiari malformations or may be acquired as a result of infection, trauma or neoplasia. Hydrocephalus is an excessive accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid within the ventricles and occipital dysplasia is the dorsal extension of the foramen magnum. Hydrosyringomyelia and hydrocephalus can be confirmed by computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). A 3-year-old male maltese was presented with a history of long-term seizure. Blood examination was all unremarkable. On rostrodorsal-caudoventral oblique radiograph of the skull showed severe occipital dysplasia. On brain sonography through the persistent fontanelle, severe lateral ventriculomegaly was revealed. MRI examination revealed hydrocephalus and hydrosyringomyelia. Diuretic therapy didn't reduce clinical symptoms and surgical decompression was conducted. The dog responded well with ventriculo-peritoneal shunting. MRI is the most superior modality to diagnose hydrocephalus and hydrosyringomyelia, to plan therapy and to determine the prognosis.

• The Transactions of the Korea Information Processing Society
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.879-890
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• 2000

Designing a multilevel database application is a complex process, and the entities and their associated security levels must be represented using an appropriate model unambiguously. It is also important to capture the semantics of a multilevel databse application as accurate and complete as possible. Owing to the focus of the IDEA Methodology for designing the non-secure database applications on the data-intensive systems, the Object Model describes the static structure of the objects in an application and their relationships. That is, the Object Model in the IDEA Methodology is an extended Entity-Relationship model giving a static description of objects. The IDEA Methodology has not been developed the multilevel secure database applications, but by using an existing methodology we could take advantage of the various techniques that have already been developed for that methodology. That is, this way is easier to design the multilevel secure schema than to develop a new model from scratch. This paper adds the security features 새？ Object Model in the IDEA Methodology, and presents the transformation from this model to a multilevel secure object oriented schema. This schema will be the preliminary work which can be the general scheme for the automatic mapping to the various commercial multilevel secure database management system such as Informix-Online/Secure, Trusted ORACLE, and Sybase Secure SQL Server.

• Cartoon and Animation Studies
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• s.36
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• pp.393-416
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• 2014

Comics has three components: cuts, gap between cuts, speech balloons. Still, it is true that speech balloons are not commonly subject to the study for comics. A few preceding researches pinpoint exactly the morphological features and functions of speech balloons. In today when webtoon becomes generalized, these features and functions are continued as they are and are used in webtoon. We can catch that speech balloons are also affected since the environmental elements of web induce the change in the overall comics directing. There are two perspectives to sort out the features of speech balloons: first, the placement issue of speech balloons. The unlimited expansion of web space gives the environment for comicss to use the gap between cuts as wide as they can. It leads to turn out some of the ways to place the balloons, so we can sort them out general placement, exterior placement, the upper and lower placement, scroll-use type. Second, as the directing techniques for webtoon become digitalized by the morphological issue, speech balloon itself has been expanded its ways to express by various expression methods. Analyzing and classifying, recording the newly emerged conditions on the preceding study are worthy of trying and will become the cornerstone for the follow research.

• Journal of KIISE:Databases
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.56-70
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• 2005

The results of location-dependent queries(LDQ) generally depend on the current locations of query issuers. Many mechanisms, e.g. broadcast scheme, hoarding, or racking policy, have been developed to improve the system peformance and provide better services, which are specialized for LDQs. Considering geographical adjacency of data and characteristics oi target area, caching policy and broadcast scheme affect the overall performance in LDQ. For this reason, we propose both the caching policy and broadcast scheme, which these features are reflected in. Based on the adjacency of data in LDQ, our broadcast scheme use Hilbert curve to cluster data. Moreover, in order to develop the caching policy suitable for LDQ on urban area, we apply the moving distance of a MH(Mobile Host) to our caching policy We evaluate the performance of the caching policy measuring the workload of MHs and the correctness of LDQ results and the performance of the broadcast scheme measuring the average setup-time of MHs in our experiments. Finally, we expect that our caching policy Provides more correct answers when executing LDQ in focal cache and leads significant improvement of the performance of MHs. It also seems quite probable that our broadcast scheme leads improvement of battery life of the MH.

• Journal of Korean Philosophical Society
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• v.105
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• pp.373-400
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• 2008

This essay is an analysis on Daoist deconstructivism and Confucian constructivism about music and language. (1) Daoist criticizes that the Confucian constructive music and language fail to describe original sounds and original facts of doing nothing (wuwei, 無爲). According to Daoist, music and language can be an instrument to describe true facts in the world. So Daoists try to attain a state of 'seeing things as things themselves (yiwuguanwu, 以物觀物)' by 'forgetting oneself (wangwo, 忘我).' (2) However Confucian music and language is a part of one's life. Confucians try to get truth, goodness, and beauty by exercising one's music and language. Confucian music is associated with political and moral development in society. The Confucian genres of poetry (shi, 詩), appealing letter (shu, 疏), declaring writing (biao, 表), record (ji, 記), and written words (ci, 詞) are processes of developing one's life. Further, Confucian rhetoric of 'Xing (興)' in writing poem shows that one's language can be developed in contexts of one's life. (3) Although music and language is associated with human subjective narratives as if Confucians say, diverse narratives of different subjectivity cannot appear in one's lives if all kinds of narrative is absorbed in Confucian absolute ideological slogan to devide things into good and bad. Accordingly, the Confucian view of music and language can develop diverse narratives when it does not show an inclination toward moral dichotomy preunderstood by Confucian ideology.

• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
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• v.38 no.5
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• pp.485-493
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• 2019

The parametric array phenomenon refers to the generation of a high directivity low frequency wave from a small size radiation plate using the nonlinearity of the medium. In order to improve the usability of parametric array, the beam steering method of low frequency wave is researched, and the beam steering phenomenon is predicted easily using the PD (product directivity) model. However, the PD model can only be applied to Gaussian sources under quasi-linear conditions. Also, the prediction accuracy of low frequency wave beam width is poor. In this paper, a method for predicting the beam steering characteristics of a parametric array that can overcome the limitation of the PD model is investigated. For this purpose, the numerical analysis algorithm of the KZK (Khokhlov-Zabolotskaya-Kuzentsov) equation widely used for parametric array phenomenon prediction is improved. Thus, the beam steering characteristics are calculated by applying the electrical beam steering condition and comparing experimental results. As a result, the numerical analysis using the modified KZK equation algorithm in this study confirms that the beam steering phenomenon can be predicted even in a parametric array source that does not correspond to the quasi-linear condition.