• Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.11-18
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• 2012

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to research the display of optician's shop through questionnaire to suggest the direction for more effective display method. Methods: The study visited 50 optician's shops located in main area of Ulsan (university street, downtown and residential street), performed questionnaire and researched optician's display preference. Results: The displays preferred by opticians were as follows. They displayed contact lens in entrance of shop, displayed sunglasses in the wall rather than displayed them in the center of shop and displayed medium or low price products in the center so that consumers could access them conveniently. In addition, they prepared resting place for customer's convenience by locating it in entrance or inside of shop. Conclusions: It seems that effective display of optician's shop can attract consumer's mind and improve purchase, resulting in significant change of optician's shop sales. Therefore, it is necessary to perform the study to use systematic, discriminated display strategy so that shop image can be controlled consistently and continuously.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• v.61 no.4
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• pp.355-380
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• 2009

The purpose of this study is to explore the lived experience of aging of the poor elderly and to identify suitable welfare policies on their behalf. For this purpose, I selected 16 participants from the criterion sampling of the impoverished elderly and conducted in-depth interviews, after which the collected data was analyzed using the phenomenological approach of Cloaizzi(1978). As a result, 27 themes, 10 clusters of themes, and 4 categories were pinpointed. The 4 categories are 'Facing death,' 'Becoming despondent in heart and mind,' 'Living a hard life,' and 'Going with the flow of life.' By integrating the meanings of these findings, the essence of the lived experience of aging of the poor elderly was to be, 'Self-sufficiency despite receiving welfare benefits from the government.' The lived experience of aging of the poor elderly was revealed as not being entirely based around dependency but rather around strongly independent and positive life attitudes. But also found were difficulties due to lack of living expenses required for survival, deep death anxieties, and life attitudes in the context of Confucian culture. Based on the study results above, I presented welfare policies for the poor elderly as outlined: implementation of social activities in order to encourage independence and positivity among the poor elderly, actualization of payment that meets at least the minimum costs of living, consolidation of psychological-emotional assistance, implementation of death-related education programs, and the compilation of a welfare policy manual for the impoverished elderly.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.12 no.9
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• pp.57-67
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• 2012

There is much confusion with the relationship between character and actor. Under the pressure of 'becoming' a character, the actor tends to begin his work apart from his own senses, imagination and memory, and is most likely to fall into the trap of artificiality and clich$\acute{e}$. Like every other art, the actor has to begin honestly with himself who, in nature, has unfathomable possibilities. To be and live as a character, the actor has to experience. To experience, to react. To react, to see with all the senses. Like ours, each character's life goes on from reaction to reaction, reacting to the images from the imagination and the memory. "You are what you see." The actor is put into the extremely unfamiliar circumstances of drama, given only with his own senses, imagination and memory. Fear comes in. However, fear cannot stop the actor's challenging journey to self-discoveries. The actor does and acts, not because he is certain but because he is not. The actor challenges himself to go beyond the limit and uncertainty, so that he will finally come to know and truly understand human beings from the challenges of his own. In a nutshell, acting is a journey to the unknown and the unfamiliar in which the actor unceasingly discover new 'I's.

• 한국체육학회지인문사회과학편
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• v.57 no.1
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• pp.347-367
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• 2018

The purpose of this study is to explore the meaning of YangSaeng exercise as a recreational activity for older adults. Twelve older adults who participated in the 'YangSaeng Exercise' at the S Senior Welfare Service Center were interviewed through purposeful sampling method. Each participant was interviewed two times, and data were analyzed using Strauss and Corbin's(1988) grounded theory method. Centralization was appeared as 'An addiction to YangSaeng exercise' and causal conditions were appeared as 'Visiting Welfare Center' and 'Participation in YangSaeng exercise program' and situational context were appeared as 'Self-management of old ages' and 'For possession of Independent Life' as the results of Axial Coding. Moreover, arbitrational conditions were 'Coexistence of Regret and Attraction' and interaction strategies were appeared as 'Accept', 'Effort and Easing Mind' and 'Share Together'. As a result, 'Appreciation', 'YangSaeng Exercise that comes in my Life' and 'Softly Pitapat' were derived. Core category of 'Living Joyfully with comforted and eased' was selected through outline of story which means it contains Positivity and Expectations, Acceptance and Acknowledgement, Satisfaction and Appreciation, and Commitment and Hope. Based on the findings, we acknowledge that YangSaeng exercise plays a role in improving quality of life of older adults as a recreational activity. This study sheds light on the possibility of implementing 'YangSaeng Exercise' as a health promotion activity among older adults.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.9 no.5
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• pp.941-949
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• 2023

In this paper, the purpose of this qualitative research was to explore the communication experiences of nursing students during their clinical practice in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic among 4th grade nursing students. Data collection involved collecting reflective journals from 87 4th grade nursing college students who participated in clinical practice from December 19, 2022, to February 10, 2023. Participants were asked to freely write about their experiences following their clinical practice. The reflective journals were analyzed using Thematic Analysis by Braun & Clarke. In the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, the research findings have yielded 142 meaningful statements, 30 provisional themes, 9 sub-themes, and 4 central themes regarding the communication experiences of nursing college students during their clinical practice. The four central themes identified are as follows: "A mask that became a language barrier", "Broken Communication", "Fear that the quality of nursing care will decline", "Body and mind overcoming difficulties." In conclusion, this study has facilitated an understanding of the communication experiences of nursing college students during clinical practice in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. Additionally, this research can serve as foundational information for improving ineffective communication due to the use of various medical equipment required in infectious disease situations and for developing practical strategies in nursing education under infectious disease conditions.

• The Journal of Korean Philosophical History
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• no.23
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• pp.295-316
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• 2008

This is to study the military philosophy of Wangzhen's Commentary on Daodejing written by a famous military officer in the end of Tang Dynasty, Wangzhen. Historically, many scholars consider Laozi's Daodejing as a book on military science. Wangzhen, however, is the only person to interpret Daodejing genealogically from a military perspective. Wangzhen thinks that the fact that human beings like competing naturally causes the constant competition in the world. Human beings are born with the most outstanding spirit among all beings. But, when God created human beings, they had greed and avarice in the middle of their heart. Accordingly, human beings look for a success and a profit, and follow the wicked way, leaving the right way. The contractions among each greed and avarice bring about small or big competitions. Human beings have greed and avarice. It means human beings have emotions. As a result, the competitions in the world are not able to disappear because human beings have emotions. To win the completion human beings use weapons. According to Wangzhen, the war is the most devilish deed due to the weapon's atrocious, dangerous quality. Yet, the world's interests are decided by how efficiently the weapons are used. Consequently, the weapon techniques are worthy and play an important role in the real world. Morality, however, should be in the first priority in ruling over a country and commanding the army. The national security and the war victory could be secured when civil and military affairs have a balance. Wangzhen thinks that Laozi emphasizes "Not-Competing" as a basic solution of competition. The competition is the root cause of war and disorder. Therefore, Not-Competing is the main idea of Daodejing. Not-Competiting is a basis of Wangzhen's military philosophy as well. For Wangzhen, Not-Competing is Wuwei. Wuwei has political and military meanings at the same time. Wangzhen build up the "Not-Competing" military philosophy by applying Loazi's Daodejing to his military philosophy.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Earth Science Education
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.354-372
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• 2022

The purpose of this study is to explore the philosophical position of various scientific theories based on the scientific worldviews for science education. In addition, it aims to expand science education, which has usually dealt with epistemology and methodology, to ontology, that is, to the problem of metaphysics. It can be said that there exists a physical realism, traditionally defined as a strong determinism of the metaphysical belief. That is fixed and unchanging objective scientific knowledge independent of our minds, which was established by Newton, Einstein and Schridinger. What can be seen in the natural laws of dynamics can be called 'mathematicization'. Einstein also shook the traditional views to some extent through the theory of relativity, but his theory was still close to traditional thinking. On the contrary, to escape from this rigid determinism, we need anthropomorphic concepts such as 'possibility' and 'chance'. It is a characteristic of the modern scientific worldviews that leads the change of scientific theory from a classically strong deterministic thought to a weak deterministic accidental accident, probability theory, and a naturalistic point of view. This can be said to correspond to Darwin's theory of evolution and quantum mechanics. We can have three types of epistemological worlds that justify this ontological worldviews. These are rationalism, empiricism and naturalism. In many cases, science education does not tell us what kind of metaphysical beliefs the scientific theories we deal with in the field of education are based on. Also, science education focuses only on the understanding of scientific knowledge. However, it can be said that true knowledge can bring understanding only when it is connected to the knowledge of learned knowledge and the learner's own metaphysical belief in the world. Therefore, in the future, science education needs to connect various scientific theories based on scientific worldviews and philosophical position and present them to students.

• Proceedings of the Korea Society of Information Technology Applications Conference
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• 2007.05a
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• pp.300-320
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• 2007

정보기술의 발달과 함께 소프트웨어 제품은 모든 산업에 필수요소가 되었고, 품질과 평가에 대한 관심도 점차 증가되고 있다. 하지만 일부 산업에서는 소프트웨어 품질 평가에 대한 사용자들의 만병 통치적 기대, 품질 표준의 부족, 측정을 위한 양질의 데이터 부족, 소프트웨어 분석과 디자인에 대한 공학적 한계로 소프트웨어 품질 평가에 대해 많은 문제점이 지적되고 있다. 국내에서도 의료산업 관련 정보시스템의 오류 및 사용자들의 운영 미숙은 매년 많은 금액의 사회적 비용을 증가시켰고, 병원정보시스템의 품질에 대한 관심을 초래하였다. 특히, 산업적 특성이 강한 병원정보시스템은 성공적 구축을 위해 사용자 중심의 소프트웨어 디자인과 다양한 전문가들의 지식 통합이 필요하며, 정보시스템 품질 측정으로 연구자들과 개발자들의 시스템 설계 혼란을 감소시키는 방법론이 필요하다는 연구들이 등장하고 있다. 대부분의 병원정보시스템이 단편적인 업무처리 위주로 개발 운영되고 있고, 장기적 경영전략이나 임상연구를 위한 분석적 정보처리 기능들은 결여되어 있다. 또한 소프트웨어 재설계나 추가적 개발 에 활용될 수 있는 객관적 품질 기준이 부족하고, 사용자들의 요구사항에 대해 소프트웨어 설계에 있어서 효율적으로 반영되지 못하고 있다. 이에 본 연구는 최근 발표된 병원정보시스템 품질 평가에 대한 연구 경향을 종합하고, 품질 평가에 대 해 효율적으로 활용되고 있는 사용성(Usability)을 기준으로 병원산업의 특수성을 포함한 품질 평가 방법과 품질척도를 제안하고자 한다. 국제표준기구(ISO:International Standards Organization)에서는 품질 특성을 기능성, 신뢰성, 사용성, 효율성, 유지 보수성과 이식성의 특성을 제시하고 있다. 특히 Folmer & Bosch(2004)가 정리한 ISO9126에서는 품질의 특성을 배움의 용이성, 운영의 용이성, 이해성과 매력성으로 분류하였고, ISO9241-11는 효과성, 효율성과 만족성으로 분류하였다. 또한 Shackel(1991)은 배움의 용이성(배움과 시간, 기억력), 효과성(오류, 직무시간), 유연성과 마음가짐으로 분류하고 있다(Shackel, 1991). Nielsen(1997)은 배움의 용이성, 기억의 용이성, 오류, 효율성, 만족성으로 분류하고 있고(Nielsen, 1997), Shneiderman(1998)는 효과성(직무시간, 배움의 시간), 효율성(기억의 지속시간, 오류), 만족도를 품질의 특성으로 분류하였다. 이와 같은 소프트웨어의 품질은 소프트웨어 계획, 개발, 성장과 쇠퇴의 모든 과정에 적용되며, 환경적 변화에 따라 사용자들의 정보욕구를 적절하게 반영하여 만족도를 높이 는 것이라고 요약할 수 있다. 그러나 현재까지 소프트웨어 품질 평가에 대한 연구들 은 보편적인 평가 항목들을 대상으로 측정하여 일반적인 품질기준을 제시하고 있고, 유사한 측정 내용들이 중복되어 있다. 이러한 경향은 산업별 특수성이 강한 소프트웨어에 대해서는 정확한 품질측정이 어려웠고, 품질측정에 대한 신뢰성을 떨어뜨리는 계기가 되었다. 이러한 한계를 극복하고자 나타난 방법론이 최종사용자들의 요구사항을 얼마나 적절하게 시스템에 반영했는지에 대한 사용성(Usability) 측정이다. 사용성에 대한 정의는 사용자들이 실질적으로 일하는 장소에서 직접 사용자들의 시스템 운용실태를 파악하여 문제점을 개선하는 것으로 요약할 수 있다. ISO9124-11에서는 사용성을 "어떤 제품이 구체적인 사용자들에 의해 구체적인 목적을 달성하기 위한 구체적인 사용의 맥락에서 효율성, 효과성을 만족함으로 사용될 수 있는 정도"로 정의하고 있다. 지난 10년간 병원정보시스템 평가에 대한 문헌들을 고찰한 결과 품질 측정의 효과는 정보화에 대한 동기유발과 의료품질을 높이는 게기가 되었으며, 질병에 대한 예방효과도 높은 것으로 조사되었다. 그러나 평가에 대한 인식의 문제, 평가 방법의 신뢰성 부족, 평가 지침과 부분적 평가에 따른 인증의 어려움 평가 결과에 대한 확산과 단편적 연구의 한계 등으로 연구결과에 대한 신뢰도와 활용도는 낮은 것으로 조사되었고, HIS에 대한 연구 빈도와 범위 가 매우 미약하였다. 특히, 품질속성은 같은 용어이지만 연구자에 따라 전혀 다른 측정 내용을 제시하고 있어 효율적인 품질 지표를 제시하는데 많은 혼란을 초래하고 있다. 이러한 품질 평가의 경향은 시스템 설계 및 개발자들에게 필요한 사용자들의 구체적이고 독특한 욕구나 병원정보시스템 환경의 특수성 파악에 한계를 보였으며, 평가 범위도 부분적으로 이루어져 전사적 시스템 설계 및 개발에 중요한 자료를 제공하지 못하고 있다. 이러한 문제점과 한계를 극복하고자 ISO와 같은 품질 표준 속성과 컨텍스트(Context)를 중심으로 사용자에 의한 평가 척도의 설정은 구체적이고 실용적이며 신뢰성 있는 평가 방법이 될 것이다.

• The Journal of Korean Philosophical History
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• no.25
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• pp.71-71
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• 2009

This study aims to provide a theoretical base for making a character education program on "how primary school students to cultivate their own right and good-minded characters." This study consists of three approaches: 1) an integrative approach based on the social and emotional learning, 2) development of integrative programs articulating three key domains directly and indirectly influencing students' character formation - school, family and local community(society), 3) maximum use of the educational institutes' moral education curriculums and the potential curriculums in the surrounding environment. In concrete, by specializing "social awareness and relationship skills" from various social and emotional ones, this study suggests an integrative program for the character education based on the theory of virtue in the Eastern philosophy. To develop such an Eastern philosophy-based integrative program for the cultivation of the social awareness and personal relationship skills, this study applies some virtue items of Eastern Ethics: for examples, 'rectification of the name(正名)' to improve skills for rational choice on the awareness and performance of social roles, 'empathy(忠恕)' to enhance the ability to share another person's feelings and emotions as if they were my own, 'reflect and seek in oneself(反求諸己)' to solve conflicts in peace and self-reflection, 'difficulty with countenance(色難)' to respond to others by understanding their situations and characters, 'select and follow good qualities of others and reform their bad qualities(擇其善者而從之, 其不善者而改之)' to make good results from various forms of personal relationship, and 'keep same respect as at first to old acquaintance(久而敬之)' to maintain good and emotional relationships. In particular, by underlining 'rectification of the name(正名)' and 'reflect and seek in oneself(反求諸己)', this study attempts to develop an alternative integrative program articulating three domains of school, family and local community.

• Journal of Agricultural Extension & Community Development
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.75-84
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• 1999

Minnesota state law requires County Extension Committees (CECs). The County Board of Commissioners appoints committee members. Extension Educators are responsible for using CECs to assure the value of Extension work in the County. This paper will explore underlying values, principles and practices that can effect the utilization of CECs in ways that benefit the work of Extension and make the process a good experience for CEC members and Extension Educator. The paper is based primarily on readings in the Journal of Extension, interviews with two Extension Educator, and information provided by the University of Minnesota Extension Service for CEC members.