• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.35 no.8
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• pp.677-682
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• 2011

Masan port is a representative port of Kyungnam region, and proceeds to work port development for the future. However, Analytical research related to current competitiveness and strategies for the future of Masan port have been little studied since then. Thus, the aim of this paper is to analyze the current competitiveness level of Masan port. To achieve this abjective, evaluation model based on empirical data was established. And then FHP-based index model that calculate competitiveness level of port was adopted. To analysis competitiveness of Masan port, Data from shippers calling at Masan port were collected. The result of data analysis showed that current competitiveness level of Masan port was 63.

• Journal of Korean Clinical Nursing Research
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.71-82
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• 2010

Purpose: The study was aimed to investigate the effects of warm fluid used during surgery on the patients' hypothermia prophylaxis and recovery after surgery. Methods: This data were collected from Jul. 13 to Nov. 31. 2009 at S hospital in M City. 60 patients who met the selection criteria were recruited in the study and divided into two groups. The warmed fluids were used for 30 patients in the experimental group, and the fluids in room air temperature were used for the others in the control group. Collected data were statistically analyzed using SPSS/win 18.0. Results: The body temperatures of the control group were significantly lower during surgery than those of the experimental group (p<.001). Shivering was significantly less occurred in the experimental group than the control group (p=.018). The experimental group used warmed fluids recovered faster than the control group. Conclusion: Warming fluid for the patients with general anesthesia was revealed to be effective in decreasing hypothermia during surgery, reducing shivering, helping recovery from the anesthesia. Further research is warranted to refine and apply this evidence in nursing practice.

• Journal of Wetlands Research
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.15-20
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• 2010

The contamination loadings generated in Changwon City are coming into Masan Bay through the Bongam tidal flat except the loadings collected and transferred by sewer lines to the wastewater treatment plant. The recovery of waterbirds, shellfishes, and fishes has been quite well recognized in recent years after the first implementation of Masan Bay TPLM (Total Pollution Loads Management) in Korea. This tidal flat has been conserved by the cooperation of several stakeholders and utilized as an ecosystem field site for in situ education. A large industrial complex has been operated since 1970's, therefore increasing the level of pollutants in estuary and costal sediments, especially by heavy metals. Zinc, copper, and lesd contamination of sediment was revealed at higher level by Clean-up guideline (MOMAF) or heavily polluted level by SQC (USEPA). There was a significant difference between two sites at the 95% confidence level, which implies no homogeneity in the processes of transport and deposition even at 500 m of distance. The heavy metal concentrations in the Bongam sediments have been gradually decreased with comparing the data of 2006, and 2009.

• 한국방재학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2008.02a
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• pp.795-798
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• 2008

An estuary is very important that the seawater and the freshwater meet and they formed wide foreshore and estuarine which is used as the habitat of various living thing and spawning bed of fish. Masan bay is typical closing bay in Korea. It is located 9 km from the open sea and most inside of Jinhae bay. The width of bay entrance is less than 1 km, where the flow velocity is very low. The large scale industrial complex of Masan bay is located in near Masan and Changwon city whose population is about 100 million. Because of low tidal velocity, the pollutants from the land are accumulated, which makes the water quality worse in Masan bay. The purpose of this study is to analyze the various hydraulic characteristics using RMA-2 model. The advection and diffusion of pollutant is also simulated using RMA-4 model according to the inflow of Changwon-stream and Nam-stream. The hydraulic simulations include the effect of tide which can be characterized by the tide data of Masan bay tide observatory.

• The Korean Journal of Archival Studies
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• no.73
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• pp.125-159
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• 2022

This study reviewed the archival collecting methodology so that the documentation method such as collecting about missing archives in BUMA Democratic uprising is prepared for and it progressed the pre-analysis by applying to working models of 'documentation strategy' that Larry Hackman and Joan Warnow-Blewett suggested. First of all, I generally examined BUMA Democratic Uprising and narrowed the scope into MASAN Uprising in order to deduce the effective documentation method, performing the pre-analysis centering on MASAN Uprising. In succession, by analyzing the type and activity of an action group of MASAN Uprising, I organized the area of MASAN Uprising documentation. Finally, by selecting some action groups of MASAN Uprising, I investigated archives in person. Based on this, I suggested the investigation and analysis of the present-condition of missing archives, the preparation for collecting policies, active collecting, the establishment of management policy of collecting archives and the detailed management strategy about integrated management.

• Journal of the korean veterinary medical association
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.42-55
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• 1965

• 한국해양학회지
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.303-310
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• 1992

Studies on the distribution of nitrogenous compounds, and respiratory oxygen consumption rate were carried out in Masan Bay, Korea where large amount of industrial and domestic wastewaters are discharged. In August 1986 the surface layer was significantly influenced by freshwater input. Below the seasonal pycnocline, an oxygen-deficient condition developed in a large area of Masan Bay. Concentrations of DIN, DON and PN were 735.6, 1261.8 and 48.5 umol/l at the head, and 79.1, 73.0 and 39.5 umol/l at the mouth of the inner Masan Bay, respectively. Phytoplankton carbon production was 2,695 mgC/m$^2$/day at the mouth of inner Masan Bay. Dissolved oxygen contents were lower than 1 ml/l from 3 m depth in inner Masan Bay and from 10 m depth in the outer Masan Bay. The high concentration of ammonium and phosphate in the lower layer suggests the active degradation of organic materials in the bottom waters and leaching from sediments. The ERS activity was 232.1 ul O$_2$/l/h in the surface waters of the innermost part of Masan Bay and respiratory oxygen consumption is likely to proceed at a rate of 442 ml O$_2$/m$^2$/day in the bottom waters of this bay. Nitrate removal rate was estimated to be 0.25 umol/l/day via denitrification in the bottom waters of the Masan Waterway. It is estimated from the ETS activity that, at the mouth of inner Masan Bay, 9.3-10.5% of carbon fixed in the upper layer was decomposed below the themocline.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Marine Environment & Energy
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.302-313
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• 2012

Concentrations of selected heavy metals (Al, Fe, Mn, Cr, Cu, Ni, Zn, Pb, As and Cd) in surface sediments from 96 sites in Masan and Jinhae Bay were studied in order to understand metal contamination. Results show that the surface sediments were mainly enriched by Cu (18-294 ppm), Zn (67-568 ppm), Pb (10-120 ppm) and Cd (0.2-3.5 ppm). The coastal zone of Masan Bay was significantly more contaminated than the non-coastal zone, and spatial distribution pattern suggested additional sources of heavy metal input in the coastal area. The enrichment ratio and geoaccumulation index ($I_{geo}$) have been calculated and the relative contamination levels assessed in the study area. The enrichment ratios of Cu, Zn, Pb and Cd in Masan Bay have been observed to be relatively high. $I_{geo}$ results reveal that the study area is not contaminated with respect to Fe, Mn, Cr and Ni; moderately to strongly contaminated with Cu, Zn and Pb; and strongly to strong contaminated with Cd. The high contents of Cu, Zn, Pb and Cd in the study area result from anthropogenic activities in the catchment area. Based on the eight different sediment quality guideline values from USA (ERL, ERM), Canada (TEL, PEL), Australia/New Zealand (ISQG-high, ISQG-low) and Hong Kong (ISQV-low, ISQV-high), sediment quality of Masan and Jinhae Bay was also assessed and characterized.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.10 no.2 s.21
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• pp.69-79
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• 2004

This study focuses on the relationship between pollution factors around Masan, Changwon and Chinhae city considerd as main pollution sources and marine environment in Masan bay of Korea. Water quality data measured In Jinhae bay and environmental investigation data in Masan, Changwon and Jinhae cities from 1981 to 1998 were used for this study. Annual means and standard deviations of COD, DIN and DIP concentrations from 1981 to 1998 showed that both their concentration and fluctuations were higher in the inner part of Masan bay (region A) than near Somodo (region B). Sediment dredging in Masan bay had been done from 1990 to 1994. After dredging, COD concentration has been decreasing In surface layer. Also water pollution was gradually spreaded from the inner part to the outer part of the bay due to the continuous inflow of domestic sewage and industrial wastewater. In the late of 1990s, the pollution was heavier. DIN and DIP concentrations were found to be increased by establishment of industry complex and decreased by sewage treatment plant near the city adjacent to Jinhae bay, 1993. The correlation between COD, DIN and DIP changes and neighbor cities' pollution sources were calculated From 1981 to 1998, correlation coefficient (r) was over 0.8 except for the bottom of region A From 1981 to 1998, r between the DIP concentration and population was over 0.65 except for the surface of region A, and the r between the DIP and the number of factories was over 0.6 too, in region B.

• The Sea:JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF OCEANOGRAPHY
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• v.3 no.4
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• pp.193-202
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• 1998

Water quality of Masan-Jinhae Bay was monitored from January 1996 to August 1997. The monitoring focused on the spatial and vertical gradients and seasonal changes of eutrophication parameters such as nutrients, DO and water transparency. Flagellate phytoplanktons persistently bloomed from April to October with monospecific or mixed algal blooms and dynamic algal successions were observed in this area. Algal blooms were highly correlated with salinity drops and made the water less transparent. Stratification of oxygen content was persistent through summer and oligo-oxygenation was developed in the bottom waters. Nutrient gradients were consistently maintained through the depth in summer and through spatial distribution from inner Masan Bay to outer Jinhae Bay in winter. Except the rainfall seasons, water quality was under the influence of the waste waters discharged from watershed around the Masan Bay. The waste waters would act as the primary factor for the water quality deterioration of the bay. Literature data for eutrophication were gathered and analyzed to review the water quality trends of the Masan and Jinhae bays since 1970. Annual mean COD and phosphate concentration consistently increased from 1975 to 1990 and decreased or dropped after 1991. The sediment of inner part of Masan Bay was dredged from 1991 to 1994 as a decontamination process and it is assumed that the dredging has weakened more or less the deterioration trend of the water quality of the bay.