• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.37 no.12 s.142
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• pp.141-151
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• 1999

This study was carried out to examine the effects of textile materials for thermal insulation value using a thermal manikin. Cotton, polyester, wool, silk and rayon were selected as outer wears like blouses, skirts, slacks, and one-pieces. Acetate was chosen as a lining. Brief and long sleeve upper underwear(cotton) were chosen as the inner wears. The results were as follows; There were no significant differences among the materials in skirts and blouse-skirt suits by the thermal manikin. However blouses, slacks, one-pieces and blouse-slacks suits were showed the effects of materials. Blouse-slacks suits was showed the highest thermal insulation value and one-piece had the lowest thermal insulation value.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.26 no.12
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• pp.1756-1764
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• 2002

본 연구의 목적은 의복시스템 내 에서 착탈이 가능한 라이너 가 있을 때 얼마만큼의 보온성 이 증가되는가를 알고자 하는 것이다. 서로 다른 섬유조성 과 두께를 가지는 3개 의 의복앙상블을 선정하여 움직일 수 있는 마네킨을 사용하여 14$^{\circ}C$로 조절되어 있는 인공기후실에서 보온성을 측정하였다. 그 결과 라이너 사용 후 보온성이 증가되었는데 그 정도는 라이너 의 두께 와 섬유조성에 따라서 다르며 약 0.5 clo 증가하였다. 이 결과로부터 착탈 가능한 라이너의 사용으로 추운기후에 어느 정도 적응 할 수 있는가를 확인할 수 있었다.

• Proceedings of the KSME Conference
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• 2001.06b
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• pp.398-403
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• 2001

A simplified modeling approach of forced vibration for occupied car seats was demonstrated by using a mathematical model presented in previous paper. Nonlinear and linear equations of motions were rederived for forced vibration, and the transfer function was used to calculate the frequency response function. The experimental apparatus were set up and hydraulic shaker was used to obtain the system responses. Through the tests, mannequin's head had a lot of problems, and the responses with a head and without a head were measured. To explore the effects of linear dampings and friction moments at the joints, linear analyses were performed. New sets of linear spring and damping coefficients, and torsional dampings at the joints were calculated through parameter study to match up with experimental results. Good agreement between experimental and simulation frequency response estimates were obtained both in terms of locations of resonances and system deflection shapes at resonance, indicating that this is a feasible method of modeling seated occupants.

• Journal of the Korea Furniture Society
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.47-54
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• 2006

This study focused on designing environment-friendly furnitures by recycling useless stuffs. I designed environment-friendly furnitures by using plastic manekings, which do not decay easily. Designing environment-friendly furnitures by using maneking, we should consider the following; to make our surrounding comfortable and pleasant, to make the appearance of the streets more beautiful, and to consider our future environment. We need to use reusable and recyclable wastes much more to make environment-friendly furnitures from now on.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.26 no.8
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• pp.1177-1185
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• 2002

This study was to develop the sunshade hat which reduced stress from solar radiation and ultraviolet radiation (UV), in order to keep the farmer's health and to promote their work efficiency. The new sunshade hat with a large brim, special structure for ventilation, stability and portability was designed and tested with manikin heads outdoors. Two newly designed sunshade hats(A, B) and three existing hat were tested Sunshade hat A made of double fabric with aluminum coating-nylon and black cotton cloth with a polyester mix(T/C) was the most protective from solar radiation. Sunshade hat B with larger brim was the most protective from ultraviolet radiation, even though it was made of aluminum coating-nylon single fabric.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.41 no.2
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• pp.76-86
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• 2011

Objective: To investigate whether the accuracy of 3D laser scanning is influenced by the angles and number of scans. Methods: Using a 3D laser scanner, 10 manikins with facial markers were scanned at 7 horizontal angles (front view and at $20^{\circ}$, $45^{\circ}$, and $60^{\circ}$ angles on the right and left sides). Three-dimensional facial images were reconstructed by 6 methods differing in the number and angles of scans, and measurements of these images were compared to the physical measurements from the manikins. Results: The laser scan images were magnified by 0.14 - 0.26%. For images reconstructed by merging 2 scans, excluding the front view; and by merging 3 scans, including the front view and scans obtained at $20^{\circ}$ on both sides; several measurements were significantly different than the physical measurements. However, for images reconstructed by merging 3 scans, including the front view; and 5 scans, including the front view and scans obtained at $20^{\circ}$ and $60^{\circ}$ on both sides; only 1 measurement was significantly different. Conclusions: These results suggest that the number and angle of scans influence the accuracy of 3D laser scanning. A minimum of 3 scans, including the front view and scans obtained at more than $45^{\circ}$ on both sides, should be integrated to obtain accurate 3D facial images.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.657-665
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• 2015

This study evaluated the thermoregulatory properties of functional thermal underwear ('heating underwear') in markets using a thermal manikin and human wear trials. One ordinary thermal underwear (ORD) and two functional thermal underwear (HEAT1 and HEAT2; manufactured goods, HEAT1: moisture absorbing heat release mechanism, HEAT2: heat storage, release mechanism) were chosen. Thermo-physiological and subjective responses were evaluated at an air temperature of $5.0{\pm}0.5^{\circ}C$ and air humidity of $30{\pm}5%RH$ with five male subjects ($21.6{\pm}1.3yr$ in age, $178.0{\pm}5.9cm$ in height, $68.2{\pm}5.9kg$ in body mass). Experimental conditions consisted of four ensembles that included winter clothes (Control: no underwear, ORD, HEAT1, HEAT2). Water-vapor resistance was greater in fabric of HEAT1 than others. The results were: 1) Total thermal insulation (IT) using a thermal manikin were not greater for HEAT1 (0.860clo) and HEAT 2 (0.873clo) than for ORD (0.886clo). 2) There were no significant differences in rectal temperature, mean skin temperature, heart rate and total body mass loss between the four conditions. Microclimate clothing temperature on the back was greater for ORD than for HEAT1 and HEAT2. Subjects felt more comfortable with HEAT1 than for others at rest. HEAT2 was higher in microclimate humidity when compared to other conditions. The results suggest that thermoregulatory properties of 'heating underwear' in market did not differ from those of ordinary thermal underwear in terms of total thermal insulation and thermoregulatory responses in a cold environment.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.333-338
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• 2008

The evaluation for the visage volume was performed with human and dummy face using PRIMOS $body^{(R)}$. Three researchers measured the dummy face attached different volume of clay (6.6 mL, 13.2 mL, and 19.8 mL). It is identified that the high correlation between measured values and real volume ($R^2=0.99$). The percent (%) of relative standard deviation (RSD) of the data was shown below 10%. In Gage R&R analysis, the percent of contribution, the percent of study variation and distinct categories values were 0.78%, 8.85%, and 15% respectively. Therefore this method was regarded as the good standard condition in aspect of reproducibility and repetitiveness of data. The face volume variation was measured by PRIMOS $body^{(R)}$ on the face in participated 10 healthy Korean women volunteers. Subjects used the product once a day for two weeks as night sleeping pack. After application of the test products, the 3D image data of face were taken 1 and 2 weeks later. We found the face volume was significantly decreased after using products. In conclusion, this novel non-invasive technique was useful in measuring and visualizing alterations in face volume as a consequence of certain treatments. This system will provide a rapid and precise analysis of 3D topographical information for face.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.116-122
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• 2018

In Chemical, Biological, Radiological and Nuclear (CBRN) disaster, integrated and optimized equipment package including stretcher, isolation unit, patient monitoring and treatment equipment is essential to achieve proper treatment and prevent secondary contamination. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficiency and ease of use of integrated CBRN disaster equipment package for disaster medical response. This study was a randomized crossover study using a manikin simulation for emergency medical technitian (EMT). All participants used the existing devices and prototype of integrated CBRN disaster equipment package alternately. Efficiency was measured by time from vital sign change to detection or treatment application. Ease was use was measured by questionnaires for each patient monitor, stretcher care and isolation unit. 12 EMTs were enrolled. hypoxia-detection time of integrated equipment group was significantly shorter than existing equipment group (4.9 s (3.8-3.9) vs 3.5 s (2.5-3.9), p < 0.05). There was decreasing tendency of ECG change detection and facial mask oxygen supply but no statistical significance was observed. Overall satisfaction of patient monitoring device in integrated equipment group was significantly higher than existing devices (4(3.5-5) vs 3(3-3), p < 0.05). The use of integrated CBRN disaster equipment package shortened the hypoxia detection time and improved usability of vital sign monitor compared to existing devices.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.15 no.7
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• pp.1049-1056
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• 2021

The purpose of this study was to develop a respiratory synchronization device for X-ray (X-RSD) to increase the reproducibility of inspiration when examining the Chest X-ray of a patient who difficulty in breathing coordination. The X-RSD was self-made using an air pressure sensor and air was injected by connecting a ventilator to the mannequin for CPR. At this time, the amount of injected air was quantified using the SkillReporting device. After placing the X-RSD on the chest of the mannequin, the amount of air was tested in 6 steps from 200 to 700 cc by 100 cc increased. For the accuracy evaluation, the sensitivity of X-RSD was measured by repeating a total of 80 measurements, and the sensitivity was 100%, and very precise results were obtained. After that, the images examined while viewing the X-RSD of the chest lateral examination and the images obtained by the blind examination were compared and evaluated. The lung volume of X-RSD was larger than that of the blind test, and the deviation was smaller. Overall, the use of X-RSD can help with chest X-ray examination of patients who have difficulty in cooperating, and it is thought that it will be possible to contribute to the reduction of exposure dose by reducing the repeat rate of general X-ray examinations.