• Journal of the Microelectronics and Packaging Society
• /
• v.29 no.2
• /
• pp.113-119
• /
• 2022

In order to improve the mechanical reliability of next-generation electronic devices including flexible, wearable devices, a high level of mechanical reliability is required at various flexible joints. Organic adhesive materials such as epoxy for bonding existing polymer substrates inevitably have an increase in the thickness of the joint and involve problems of thermodynamic damage due to repeated deformation and high temperature hardening. Therefore, it is required to develop a low-temperature bonding process to minimize the thickness of the joint and prevent thermal damage for flexible bonding. This study developed flexible laser transmission welding (f-LTW) that allows bonding of flexible substrates with flexibility, robustness, and low thermal damage. Carbon nanotube (CNT) is thin-film coated on a flexible substrate to reduce the thickness of the joint, and a local melt bonding process on the surface of a polymer substrate by heating a CNT dispersion beam laser has been developed. The laser process conditions were constructed to minimize the thermal damage of the substrate and the mechanism of forming a CNT junction with the polymer substrate. In addition, lap shear adhesion test, peel test, and repeated bending experiment were conducted to evaluate the strength and flexibility of the flexible bonding joint.

• Proceedings of the Membrane Society of Korea Conference
• /
• 1998.10a
• /
• pp.96-98
• /
• 1998

1. 서론 : 팔라듐이나 이의 합금막들은 높은 선택적 투과특성으로 인해 수소 정제나 분리막 반응기와 같은 산업응용 분야에서 매우 높은 관심을 갖고 있다. 상업적으로 이용되고 있는 이러한 막들은 통상적인 metallugical process에 의해 제조괸 self-supported type으로 수소 투과 속도가 낮을 뿐만 아니라 팔라듐 등은 고가의 귀금속이므로 비경제적이다. 따라서 현재 대부분의 연구자들은 기계적 강도를 유지하기 의한 다공성 지지체 위에 얇은 금속 박막을 코팅함으로서 투과성을 높이는 동시에 경제적인 복합막 형태의 막을 만드는데 연구의 촛점을 맞추고 있다. 이러한 형태의 막을 제조하기 위한 금속 박막 제조법은 무전해 도금법(electroless deposition), 화학증착법(CVD), 스퍼터링(sputtering), 전해도금법(electrodeposition) 등이 시도되었다. 그러나 수소에 대한 우수한 선택적 투과 특성을 갖기 의해서는 대부분 5$\mu$m 이상의 두꺼운 막을 제조하였으며 이보다 얇은 막의 제조에 한계가 있기 때문에 이들 막에 대한 기체 투과 특성에 대한 연구결과는 많지 않다. 본 연구에서는 기존의 전기도금법을 응용한 소위 'vacuum electrodeposition' 이란 새로운 기술을 도입함으로써 우수한 선택적 투과성을 갖는 2$\mu$m 이하의 팔라듐 합금 박막 제조를 가능하게 하였다. 지지체 표면의 거칠음 정도, 평균 기공 크기 등의 지지체 성질의 조절에 의한 금속 박막의 핀홀을 최소화함으로써 질소와 같은 inert gas의 투과도는 거의 없게 유지하는 동시에 금속 박막 두께, 결정 구조(e.g. grain size), 합금 조성 등을 조절함으로써 수소의 투과도를 높이고자 하였다. 있다. 후자의 경우, 미량의 과산화수소수 (1~10,000 ppm)를 이용해 처리 해주는 방법의 경우 경제적으로 큰 장점이 있고, 처리가 단순하다는 장점이 있으나 과산화수소수 자체에 포함하고 있는 높은 impurit level, 그리고 처리후 장시간의 flushing time을 가져야 한다는 단점등이 존재 하고 있다.요구된다. 몰입이 가능하여 임계치가 저하된 것으로 여겨진다. 또한 광학적 이득의 존재는 이 구조에 의한 극단파장 반도체 레이저다이오드의 실현 가능성을 나타내는 것이다.548 mL에 비해 통계학적으로 의의 있게 적었다(p<0.05). 결론: 관상동맥우회로 조성수술에서 전방온혈심정지액을 사용할 때 희석되지 많은 고농도 포타슘은 fliud overload와 수혈을 피하고 delivery kit를 사용하지 않음으로써 효과적이고 만족할 만한 심근보호 효과를 보였다.를 보였다.4주까지에서는 비교적 폐포는 정상적 구조를 유지하면서 부분적으로 소폐동맥 중막의 비후와 간질에 호산구 침윤의 소견이 특징적으로 관찰되었다. 결론: 분리 폐 관류는 정맥주입 방법에 비해 고농도의 cisplatin 투여로 인한 다른 장기에서의 농도 증가 없이 폐 조직에 약 50배 정도의 고농도 cisplatin을 투여할 수 있었으며, 또한 분리 폐 관류 시 cisplatin에 의한 직접적 폐 독성은 발견되지 않았다이 낮았으나 통계학적 의의는 없었다[10.0%(4/40) : 8.2%(20/244), p>0.05]. 결론: 비디오흉강경술에서 재발을 낮추기 위해 수술시 폐야 전체를 관찰하여 존재하는 폐기포를 놓치지 않는 것이 중요하며, 폐기포를 확인하지 못한 경우와 이차성 자연기흉에 대해서는 흉막유착술에 더 세심한 주의가 필요하다는 것을 확인하였다. 비디오흉강경수술

• Korean Journal of Optics and Photonics
• /
• v.28 no.4
• /
• pp.153-157
• /
• 2017

An infrared camera and laser common-path optical system is applied to DIRCM (directional infrared countermeasures), to increase boresighting accuracy and decrease weight. Thermal effects of a laser beam in a common-path optical system are analyzed and evaluated, to predict any degradation in image quality. A laser beam with high energy density is absorbed by and heats the optical components, and then the surface temperature of the optical components increases. The heated optical components of the common-path optical system decrease system transmittance, which can degrade image quality. For analysis, the assumed simulation condition is that the laser is incident for 10 seconds on the mirror (aluminum, silica glass, silicon) and lens (sapphire, zinc selenide, silicon, germanium) materials, and the surface temperature distribution of each material is calculated. The wavelength of the laser beam is $4{\mu}m$ and its output power is 3 W. According to the results of the calculations, the surface temperature of silica glass for the mirror material and sapphire for the lens material is higher than for other materials; the main reason for the temperature increase is the absorption coefficient and thermal conductivity of the material. Consequently, materials for the optical components with high thermal conductivity and low absorption coefficient can reduce the image-quality degradation due to laser-beam thermal effects in an infrared camera and laser common-path optical system.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
• /
• 2011.02a
• /
• pp.74-74
• /
• 2011

최근 새로운 형태의 디스플레이에 관한 관심이 집중되고 있다. 이들 중 특히 투명 산화물 반도체는 기존의 실리콘 기반의 반도체에 비해 가시광 영역에서 높은 투과도를 보이며, 또한 기존의 비정질 실리콘 소자에 비해서 10 cm2/Vs이상의 높은 전하 이동도 값을 가진다. 본 연구에서는 투명 산화물 반도체 소재 중 InGaZnO4를 사용하여 펄스 레이저 방법으로 Al2O3 (0001)기판 위에 비정질 상태인 a-InGaZnO4 박막을 성장 시켰다. 박막의 증착 온도를 변화(RT, $50^{\circ}C$, $150^{\circ}C$, $250^{\circ}C$, $450^{\circ}C$, $550^{\circ}C$)시켜 성장된 박막의 구조적, 화학적, 전기적 그리고 광학적 특성을 조사하였다. 증착 온도가 $450{\sim}550^{\circ}C$ 사이에서 박막의 상태가 비정질(amorphous)에서 polycrystalline으로 성장되는 것을 X-Ray Diffraction과 Field Emission-Scanning Electron Microscope를 이용하여 확인하였고 이는 InGaZnO4 박막의 결정화 온도가 $450^{\circ}C$ 이상임을 알 수 있었다. X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy를 통해서 target 물질과 성장된 박막의 조성 및 화학적 상태를 고찰한 결과, 박막의 결정성 변화가 화학적 상태 변화와는 무관하다는 사실을 알 수 있었다. 온도 의존 비저항 측정을 통해 박막이 반도체 성향을 가지는 것을 확인 하였다. 또한 Hall 측정 결과 증착 온도가 올라 갈수록 전하 밀도는 증가 하지만, 전하 이동도는 다결정 박막($550^{\circ}C$)에서 급격히 감소하고, 이로 인해 비저항 값이 크게 증가함을 알 수 있었다. 이는 다결정 박막 내 존재하는 grain boundary들이 이동도 값에 영향을 준다는 것으로 추측할 수 있다. Ultra violet-Visible-Near Infrared 측정을 통해 가시광 영역에서 80%이상의 투과율을 나타내며 증착 온도가 증가함에 따라 에너지 밴드갭(Eg)이 커지는 것을 확인 할 수 있는데 이는 Hall 측정 결과에서 확인한 전하 밀도의 증가로 인해 에너지 밴드갭이 커지는 Burstein-Moss 효과로 설명할 수 있다.

• Applied Microscopy
• /
• v.36 no.3
• /
• pp.209-216
• /
• 2006

Accuracy and precision of the goniometer and the specimen holder should be measured and corrected to improve reliability of 3-D structure analysis using transmission electron microscopy (TEM). In this study, we described the operation principle and performance of the Gatan rotation holder. Through analysis of the images taken inside the microscope, rotation angles were measured within the accuracy of ${\pm}0.42^{\circ}$. For comparison the rotation angles were measured outside the microscope using a home-made measurement tool, which resulted in the accuracy of ${\pm}0.6^{\circ}$. Additionally, we found abnormal specimen drifts during rotation probably due to the unstable engagement between the specimen cup and the rotation belt.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
• /
• v.31 no.2
• /
• pp.236-246
• /
• 2004

Artificial carious lesions in various depths were observed with visual examination using light transillumination, bite-wing radiography, laser fluorescence, and dye-enhanced laser fluorescence to determine the reproducibility, correlation of each diagnostic method, diagnostic sensitivity and diagnostic specificity. And optical densities according to demineralized times were measured whether laser fluorescence could be used as a quantitative diagnostic method. The following results were obtained whether laser fluorescence could be used for diagnosis of initial proximal caries. 1. Tau-c values of visual examination was 0.08 which showed lowest reproducibility and those of bite-wing radiography, laser fluorescence, dye-enhanced laser fluorescence were 0.60, 0.48, and 0.64, respectively which showed relatively high reproducibility. 2. The correlation between demineralization time and each examination was the highest in dye-enhanced laser fluorescence$({\gamma}=0.51)$ followed by laser fluorescence$({\gamma}=0.43)$, bite-wing radiograph$({\gamma}=0.35)$, and visual examination$({\gamma}=0.33)$. Dye-enhanced laser fluorescence and laser fluorescence showed significant correlation with demineralization time. 3. The sensitivity of laser fluorescence and dye-enhanced laser fluorescence for diagnosing approximal caries based on bite-wing radiography were 67%, 100% and those of specificity were 57%, 11% which showed diagnostic specificity was relatively lower than sensitivity. 4. The difference in optical density(DFR) between sound teeth and carious lesions according to lesion depth was high with dye-enhanced laser fluorescence compared with laser fluorescence. DFR measured with laser fluorescence according to changes in lesion depth was statistically significant but was not statistically significant with dye-enhanced laser fluorescence. Based on these results, laser fluorescence and dye-enhanced laser fluorescence have comparable diagnostic power as bite-wing radiography in early diagnosis of proximal caries.

• Journal of Sensor Science and Technology
• /
• v.7 no.6
• /
• pp.432-436
• /
• 1998

Recently, the PDLC(Polymer Dispersed Liquid Crystal) is being developed lively to make a large display device using a liquid crystal. Because of low light loss, high brightness, and simple fabrication process, it is made easily to large display device, In this study, the response time and light transmittance by the applied voltage is measured to analyze the electro-optical characteristics of PDLC. The He-Ne laser is applied to the PDLC cell, the light transmittance is measured using the photodiode and the result is analyzed and displayed graphically by the digital oscilloscope. The result of comparison between the PDLC and the present LCD is used to study the potential as a display device.

• Korean Journal of Optics and Photonics
• /
• v.14 no.3
• /
• pp.331-337
• /
• 2003

This paper represents 50 ㎓ narrow band pass filters for fiber optical communication fabricated by dual ion beam sputtering method. We have analyzed the characteristics of the TA$_2$ $O_{5}$ and $SiO_2$ single layers in order to optimize the process conditions for the 50 ㎓ narrow band pass filters, and controlled the film thickness uniformity to less than 0.1 nm deviation by dual peak spike filter pre-deposition. We designed and fabricated 50 ㎓ narrow band pass filters that consist of 216 layers including 4 cavities based on quarter wave optical thickness. Class substrates with high thermal expansion coefficients were used to reduce the film stress. Anti-reflection coating at the rear side of the substrate was also needed to reduce the optical thickness errors of the Optical Monitoring System caused by multiple beam interference between the front side and the rear side of substrate. The optical characteristics of this 50 ㎓ narrow band pass filters are insertion loss of 0.40 ㏈, pass band ripple of 0.20 ㏈, and pass bandwidth at -0.5 ㏈ of 0.20 nm. and isolation bandwidth at -25 ㏈ of 0.6 nm, which satisfy specifications of dense WDM system in fiber optical communications.tions.

• Korean Journal of Optics and Photonics
• /
• v.8 no.6
• /
• pp.466-470
• /
• 1997

We fabricated the asymmetric Fabry-Perot etalon which contains amorphous $As_2S_3$ as a spacer layer by using the method of optical multilayer coating and observed the optical bistability with the polarization. Optical thickness of the spacer layer is 2$\lambda$ at $Ar^+$ ($\lambda $=514.5 nm) laser wavelength. Optical bistability was observed at the intensities between 80~100 mW and the experiment shows us that the trends of bistable loop of the reflected and the transmitted lights are quite different depending on the state of polarization. This phenomena can be explained as the phase differences of each polarizations are different in the nonlinear Fabry-Perot etalon.

• The Journal of Natural Sciences
• /
• v.1
• /
• pp.1-6
• /
• 1987

Pulse delays among operating lines are observed in a multiline operation transversely excited atmospheric pressure $CO_2$ laser which has an intracavity germanium etalon. To show the delay effect more precisely, we have replaced the etalon with a 40%/antireflecting coated ZnSe half mirror obtained two laser lines in which the delay can be controlled by a slight tilting of the output coupler, The results show that the individual rotational vibrational transition lines must have almost equal intensities in multiline oscillation in order to obtain high peak power and short pulses.