• Korean Architects
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• s.506
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• pp.45-49
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• 2011

• Korean Architects
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• s.507
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• pp.46-50
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• 2011

• Iberoamérica
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.25-57
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• 2020

Eduardo Galeano is a left-wing intellectual who led the criticism and accusations of dictatorship and social absurdity in Latin America. It digs into the truth of hidden history that has not been revealed in official history. He values the memory of history to stop repetition of the unfortunate history of the past. The main research topic of this study, 『The Book of Embraces』, is also an extension of such work. Most of the stories in this work depend on the writer's memory. There is no coherence or integration in the content of the story, and the length of the text is not constant, so it is extremely informal and fragmented. This is a strategy to formally reveal the illogical and irrational reality of Latin America. He analyzes the problems of the separation system prevalent in Latin American society from various perspectives. It separates me and the others as well as the past and the present. It makes the memory of history void and paralyzes the consciousness of history. These systems are fixed for convenient governance. In this situation, the pattern of violence becomes more explicit and broad. The anxiety and fear of the Latin American public become commonplace. It is a reality of enduring daily life without hope. Galeano finds this enduring force in historical memory. He believes that when the past and the present meet and embrace, a new history of the future can be encountered. Galeano does not just criticize reality or cynical attitude but also suggests hope for the future.

• Iberoamérica
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.241-265
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• 2010

The main purpose of this study is to reveal the historical origins of Latin American economic underdevelopment, by answering two research questions; 1)'Why is Latin America underdeveloped?' and 2)'How has colonial experience impacted on the economic growth in Latin America?' First, this essay analyzes long-term tendency of growth domestic product(GDP) per capita data. The data verify that current underdevelopment of Latin American economy is the result of economic stagnation during the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, when Latin America suffered political and economic instability before and after the independence from Spain and Portugal. It elucidates that colonial experience affected on the economic growth in Latin America. Second, this essay reviews key independent variables of the relationship between colonial experience and economic growth in Latin America. To do so, the study categorizes extant literature into two groups according to the type of its independent variables: 1)internal factor and 2)external factor. Finally, the essay surveys the role of institutions in Latin American economic growth and development. The survey confirms that the importance of institutions in the study of Latin American economic history. In addition, the essay suggests some tasks for further research in Latin American economic history; 1)the construction of basic economic data, 2)the substantialization of the role and characteristics of institutions, and 3)the expansion of research on institutions which overcomes ideological rigidity of existing institutional approach.

• Korean Architects
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• no.6 s.171
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• pp.22-26
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• 1983

• The Korean Publising Journal, Monthly
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• s.334
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• pp.134-134
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• 2003

• Korean Architects
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• no.8 s.173
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• pp.22-26
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• 1983

• Aerospace Industry
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• s.105
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• pp.42-43
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• 2009

라틴아메리카 지역에서 우주개발을 선도하며 국제 우주 정거장 건설 계획에서 가장 믿을 수 있는 협력 파트너로 인정받고 있는 국가가 있다. 바로 브라질이다. 특히 브라질의 우주개발 사업을 총괄하고 있는 브라질 우주국(Agencia Espacial Brasileira)은 중국, 러시아, 우크라이나 등의 국가와 협력해 독보적인 위성발사체 및 항공우주 기술을 확보하고 있다. 브라질판 미 항공우주국(NASA)으로 불릴 정도의 작지만 효율적인 능력을 갖추고 있는 브라질 우주국에 대해 알아본다.

• Korean Architects
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• no.7 s.172
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• pp.37-44
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• 1983

• Iberoamérica
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.83-114
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• 2019

Now Venezuela is the most attentional country in Latin America not only in our country but also all world. Unfortunately, the current crisis is a danger that threatening the venezuelan people's right to live, so most of the news is negative. Some analysts in Korea insist that everything is the result of invasion by US imperialism, others say it is a state of default due to excessive populism. The others also described as a power game of the powers of the world by the new Cold War. But most essential thing is that Sovereign of Venezuela, Venezuelan people are marginalized in this process. Venezuela's crisis seems to have been both a combination of internal and external factors, but internal factors been a main cause. The internal factors are the dictatorship and corruption of crony capitalism of nepotism which are considered historical ailments in Latin America. Chávez criticized the oligarchy, but paradoxically, the Chávezian or current ruling forces became another oligarchy. Unfortunately, Western powers such as the United States and the EU and Venezuela's current ruling powers are at an extreme confrontation, so can be seen using cliff-edge tactics. The best solution is the free and peaceful reelection of the president. After the patriarchal winter, which spring will come the Venezuelan people must decide.