• The Journal of the Petrological Society of Korea
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.30-48
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• 2002

Phenocrysts with rapakivi texture are easily observed in Bangeojin granite. The rapakivi texture is composed of inner pinkish alkali feldspars and white-colored mantling plagioclase. The Bangeojin granite distinctively includes lots of mafic microgranular enclaves and can be divided into five rock facies: (1) enclave-poor granite (EPG); (2) enclave-rich granite (ERG); (3) mafic microgranular enclave (MME); (4) hybrid zone between mafic microgranular enclave and granite (HZ); (5) hybrid zone-like enclaves (HLE). The rapakivi textures are observed in these five rock facies with no difference in shape and size. Plagioclase mantle commonly shows dendritic texture that is an important indicator to know the rapakivi genesis. The mantling texture would indicate supercooling condition during magma solidification process. In addition, mafic microgranular enclaves would imply the magma mingling environment. The magma mixing process had possibly caused the mantling texture. An abundance of rapakivi phenocrysts in HZ and the influxing phenomenon of the phenocrysts into MME support that there were physical chemical exchanges during the mingling. And this model of the magma mixing/mingling explain well the heterogeneous distribution of the rapakivi phenocrysts in the five rock facies. Therefore the rapakivi textures in the Bangeojin granite would have been formed by magma mixing process.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.42 no.2
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• pp.128-133
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• 1999

To enhance functional properties of 4 different hoki frame protein hydrolysates (30K, 10K, 5K and 1K hydrolysate) fractionated through a series of 30, 10, 5 and 1 kDa molecular weight cut-off membranes in order to decrease pore size, all hydrolysates were phosphorylated with sodium trimetaphosphate and altered phosphorylated 30K, 10K, 5K and 1K (P-30K, P-10K, P-5K and P-1K), respectively. The covalent attachment of anionic phosphate groups to polypeptide chains improved the functional properties, such as solubility, emulsifying properties and foaming properties, of hoki frame protein hydrolysates. Especially, P-30K hydrolysate with the highest molecular weight fraction possessed the most excellent functional properties among 4 different phosphorylated hydrolysates.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.30 no.6
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• pp.486-489
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• 2013

An 18-year-old, neutered female, Yorkshire terrier was presented with abdominal mass. Large abdominal mass was located in right 4th and 5th mammary glands. Surgically excised mammary mass was submitted for histological evaluation. Microscopically, multifocal to confluent neoplastic foci were existed from superficial dermis to subcutis. Several different growth patterns such as comedo, solid, cribriform, and micropapillary were present in the neoplastic foci. Large neoplastic mammary ducts showed great invasive tendency to adjacent tissues. Many superficial lymphatic plexuses and dermal lymphatics contained numerous neoplastic cell emboli. Because comedo pattern was demonstrated by more than 50% of the neoplastic cell population, we confirmed this case as mammary comedocarcinoma according to recent classification of canine mammary tumors.

• Korean Security Journal
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• no.43
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• pp.147-175
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• 2015

Woman officers with the power of the future is likely to be more female officers can increase castration. These changes to the times in order to meet the recent Lady, chosen to increase the Police and military, and female employees in the movement to operate inside the police organization to efficiently is increasing. This study with regard to women soldier and police women a typical one of speecial job of womanpower, there is the purpose of study to suggest the direction to improve the job performing ability through the careful anlysis. On account of the minority in number of women soldier and police women in the group which consist of many men, there are lots of difficulties on duty. In order to keep up with the times for the expansion of opportunities for excellent womanpower, army and police should lead to stronger efforts for them. Besides, in comparison with the general work of womanpower, woman soldier and police woman have a special duty assignments in the groups wihich have a specific predisposition. In conclusion, it is necessary to have lots of politicasl support and cosideration.

• Journal of the Korean earth science society
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• v.43 no.6
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• pp.737-748
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• 2022

In this study, the composition of feldspar phenocrysts observed in the Ulleungdo Albong trachyandesite lava dome was identified by performing point and X-ray element mapping surface analysis (EPMA). Plagioclase, which appears as a phenocryst in the Albong trachyandesite, corresponds to bytownite and labradorite, and andesine, and lath in the microphenocrysts and the matrix corresponds to andesine to oligoclase. Alkali feldspar mantled around plagioclase phenocrysts and microphenocrysts correspond to anorthoclase and sanidine. Plagioclase phenocrysts with a distinct zonal structure represent a normal structure in which the An content of the zoning decreases from bytownite to labradorite or andesine as it moves from the center of the phenocrysts to the edge. The edge of the phenocryst is surrounded by alkali feldspar, showing an antirapakivi texture. X-ray mapping of feldspar phenocrysts showed a typical antirapakivi texture. Normal zoning with distinct zoning showing a difference in component composition was clearly shown. The edges were mantled with alkali feldspar, and antirapakivi represents the texture. The antirapakivi texture of feldspar in the Albong trachyandesite may have been formed in the mixing system when alkali feldspar crystallized and mantled around plagioclase phenocrysts and microphenocrysts. This is because plagioclase phenocrysts and microphenocrysts in magma that had already crystallized are more mafic than trachyandesite magma.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.50 no.2
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• pp.105-116
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• 2017

The purpose of this study is to provide the information on genesis of obsidian occurring in the southwestern part of Ulleung Island, Korea, and to discuss its implications for volcanic activity through volcanological and mineralogical properties of obsidian. Obsidian occurs locally at the lower part of the Gombawi welded tuff, showing various complex textures and flow banding. Though obsidian is mostly homogeneous, it is closely associated with alkali feldspar phenocrysts, reddish tuff, and greyish trachyte fragments. The obsidian occurs as wavy, lenticular blocks or lamination composed of fragments. Cooling fractures developed on obsidian glass are characterized by perlitic cracks, orbicular or spherical cracks, indicating that obsidian rapidly quenched to form an amorphous silica-rich phase. It is evident that hydration took place preferentially at the outer rim relative to the core of obsidian, forming alteration rinds. The glassy matrix of obsidian includes euhedral alkali feldspars, diopside, biotite, ilmenite, and iron oxides. Microlites in glassy obsidian are composed mainly of alkali feldspars and ilmenite. Quantitative analysis by EPMA on the obsidian glass part shows trachytic composition with high iron content of 3 wt.%. Accordingly, obsidian formed with complex textures under a rapid cooling condition on surface ground, with slight rheomorphism. Such results might be induced by collapse of lava dome or caldera, which produced the block-and-ash flow deposit and the transportation into valley while keeping high temperatures.

• Asian Journal of Turfgrass Science
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.99-111
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• 1992

Yellow patch as leaf blight caused by binucleate Rhizoctonia occured in bentgrass (Agrostis Palustris Huds), zoysiagrass (Zoysia japonica Steud) and Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.) from several golf couses in Korea. Binucleate Rhizoctonia was isolated from the infected lesions and was identified Rhizoctonia cerealis. Rhizoctonia cerealis infected crown, stem and leaf tissue, and the symptom was light yellow circular patch upto 1 m in diameter on bentgrass golf green. Individual infected leaf near the margin of patch developed first red and finally turn brown. As zoysiagrass lawn, the symptom was 30~40cm circular patch that occured zoysiagrass shooting time as spring, and there could not sheeted in severe lesion. In case of sheeted, zoysiagrass was first irregular leaf sopt and finally dead. Hypha diameter of Rhizoctonia cerealis was $2.5~6.3\mu\textrm{m}$(average $3.8\mu\textrm{m}$) and colar was white to buff. Monilioid cell size was $5.8~12.5$\times$13.8~37.5\mu\textrm{m}$. Sclerotia size was 0.2~2.0mm and color was white to brown. Optium temperature for the hypha growth was $23^{\circ}C$. There was a little difference in pathogenicity among the isolates.

• Journal of the Mineralogical Society of Korea
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.87-99
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• 2013

The occurrence, mineralogical characteristics, and origin of the dolomite ores were investigated from major dolomite mines in South Korea. Mineralogical and textural properties of the ores and associated minerals were analyzed using X-ray diffraction, thin section petrography, and scanning electron microscopy. Dolomite ores were light to dark gray in color and mainly composed of dolomite in varying particle size with minor amounts of calcite, quartz and micas. Calcite, quartz, illite, feldspar, kaolin minerals, and chlorite occurred in local veins, dikes and alteration zones. Sepiolite and wollastonite occurred in the altered part of some mine. Asbestos minerals such as chrysotile and tremolite, however, were not identified in the present study. Reddish brown to yellow clay materials were mainly composed of illite, occasionally associated with kaolin minerals and smectite. These clay minerals might be a product of the local hydrothermal alteration related to the dyke intrusion and subsequent weathering. As well indicated in the previous studies, mineral composition, texture, and occurrence of the dolostone beds suggest their formation through the diagenesis of carbonate sediments deposited in the shallow sea during the Precambrian to Paleozoic period.

• Development and Reproduction
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.67-77
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• 2000

Snailfish usually lives at the bottom of the sea and showed typical retrogressive change with specialized tissue structures of skin and skeletons. In order to obtain the specific genes of snailfish, highly expressed in the body, we made subtracted cDNA library and analyzed 200 clones. Totally 200 clones were obtained and sequenced, and among them 62 clones were turned out to be homologous to the known gene, i.e., thioesterase (9), myosin (8), creatine kinase (7), skeletal alpha-actin (6), parvalbumin b (5), ribosomal protein (5), type I collagen (3), muscle troponin (3), dopamine receptor (2), histatin (2), and heat shock protein (2), cystatin (1), lectin (1), statherin (1), secretory carrier membrane protein (1), keratin type I (1), desmin (1), chloroplast (1), muscle tropomyosin (1), reticulum calcium ATPase (1), ribonucleoprotein (1). The remaining 138 clones were low homologous or non-redundant genes through Genbank search. Especially 5 clones were novel and specifically expressed in the body tissues of Snailfish by in situ hybridization. Therefore, we analysed these 5 clones to identify the C-terminal protein structures and motifs, and partly defined the roles of these proteins in comparison with the expression patterns by in situ hybridization. C9O-77, about 5000 bp, was supposed to be a matrix protein expressed strongly positive in epithelium, myxoid tissue, fibrous tissue and collagenous tissue. C9O-116, about 1500 bp, was supposed to be a transmembrane protein which was weakly expressed in the fibrous tissue, epithelium tissue, and myxoid tissue, but strong in muscle tissue. C9O-130, about 1200 bp, was supposed to be an intracytoplasmic molecule usually in the epithelial cells. C9O-161, about 2000 bp, was weakly expressed in epithelium, muscle tissue and myxoid tissue, but specially strong in epithelium. C9O-171, about 1000 bp, was supposed to be a transcription factor containing zinc finger like domain, which was intensely expressed in the epithelium, muscle tissue, fibrous tissue, and in collagenous tissue.

• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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• v.45 no.1
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• pp.122-147
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• 2012

The Four-guardian statues in Song-gwang buddhist temple, Suncheon, Korea, have been remade in AD 1628 and have been repaired and repainted over several times since then. Therefore, the study of the pigments applied on the statues can provide good chance for investigation about pigments used in the late Chosun Period. Pigments on fragments from Gwang-mok(Virupaksha), one of the Four-guardian statues, have been analyzed by optical microscope, SEM-EDX and XRD in order to identify the components and compounds. Six types of materials were found from the fragments, which are soil layer with brown clay band, soil layer containing a lot of fibers, Korean paper with loose texture, Korean paper with dense texture, silk, and hemp textile. Presumably, the soil layer which have brown clay band is basis layer and the other layers are repaired layers. From comparative study for the components of the pigments, applied on upper and lower parts of the repaired layers, we have concluded that those repaired layers had been applied on the statue by the following order; basis layer ${\rightarrow}$ Korean paper with loose texture ${\rightarrow}$ soil containing a lot of fibers ${\rightarrow}$ silk ${\rightarrow}$ hemp textile and Korean paper with dense texture. In addition, the years that those materials were applied on the statue have been estimated as 1720~1891, 1926, 1946 and 1976, respectively. The distinct features of each age are as the following; lead white and copper chloride hydroxide are major white and green pigments before 1891, zinc white, barium white, emerald green, and ultramarine blue appear after 1926 and titanium white uprises around 1976. Our result presented here, study on pigments applied on traditional statues over several different periods, will provide good database for future study on pigments used for traditional painting in Buddist temples and Dancheong.