• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
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• v.47 no.4
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• pp.406-415
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• 2009

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare the marginal fitness and fracture load of the zirconia copings according to the design with different thickness and coloration. Material and methods: The evaluation was based on 80 zirconia copings. Zirconia copings were fabricated in design with different thicknesses using CAD/CAM system (Everset, KAVO dental GmbH, Biberach, Germany). The designs of copings were divided into four groups. The first group consisted of copings with uniform thickness of 0.3 mm. The thickness in the second group was 0.3 mm on the buccal surface and 0.6 mm on the lingual surface. The third group consisted of coping with uniform thickness of 0.6 mm. The thickness in the fourth group was 0.6 mm on the buccal surface and 1mm on the lingual surface. Each group consisted of 10 colored and 10 uncolored copings. Half of the copings (40) processed with a milling system according to the specific design were sent to be given a color (A3) through saturation in special dye by a manufacturing company. Just after sintering, the marginal discrepancies of copings were measured on the buccal, lingual, mesial and distal surfaces of metal die, under a Video Microscope System (sv-35, Sometech, Seoul, Korea) at a magnification of $\times$ 100. It was remeasured after the adjusting of the inner surface. Next, all copings were luted to the metal dies using reinforced cement {GC FujiCEM (GC Corp. Tokyo, Japan)} and mounted on the testing jig in a Universal Testing Machine (Instron 4467, Norwood, MA, USA). The results were analyzed statistically using the one-way ANOVA test. Results: The obtained results were as follow: 1. The measured value of marginal discrepancy right after sintering was the greatest in the contraction of the buccal area in all groups, except for group I2. 2. There was no significant difference of marginal fitness among the groups in the colored zirconia group (P<.05). 3. When the marginal fitness among the groups in the uncolored zirconia group was considered, group II2 had the smallest marginal discrepancy. 4. When the colored and uncolored groups with the same design were compared, there was a significant difference between I1 and II1 groups. In group 2, 3, and 4, the uncolored zirconia had the greatest marginal fitness (P<.05). 5. After adjustment of inner surface, there was no significant difference in the marginal fitness in all groups when color and design of the zirconia coping were compared. 6. The fracture load of CAD/CAM zirconia copings showed significant difference in group 1, 2, 3, and 4. I4 and II4 had the strongest fracture load. 7. When groups with different color and same design were compared, all colored groups showed greater fracture load (P>.05), with no significance. Conclusion: There was difference in the marginal fitness according to the design and coloration of zirconia copings right after sintering, but it was decided that the copings may well be used clinically if the inner surface are adjusted. The copings should be thick enough for the reinforcement of fracture strength. But considering the esthetics of the visible surfaces (labial and buccal surface), the thickness of copings may be a little thin, without giving any significant effect on the fracture strength. This type of design may be considered when giving priority to preservation of tooth or esthetics.

• Archives of design research
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• v.19 no.1 s.63
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• pp.253-262
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• 2006

Research of color has been developed and also has raised consumer desire through changing from a tool to pursue curiosity or beauty to a tool creating effects in the 20th century. People have been interested in colors as a dynamic expression of results since the color TV appeared. The meaning of colors has been recently diversified as the roles of colors became important to the emotional aspects of design. While auto colors have developed along with such changes of the times, black led the color trend during the first half of the 20th century from 1900 to 1950, a transitional period of economic growth and world war. Since then, automobile production has increased apace with the rapid economic growth throughout the world and automobiles became the most expensive item out of the goods that people use. Accordingly, increasing production induced facility investment in mass production and a technology leveling was achieved. Auto manufacturing processes are very complicated, auto makers gradually recognized that software changes such as to colors or materials was an easier way for the improvement of brand identity as opposed to hardware changes such as the mechanical or design components of the body. Color planning and development systems were segmented in various aspects. In the segmentation issue, pigment technology and painting methods are important elements that have an influence on body colors and have a higher technical correlation with colors than in other industries. In other words, the advanced mixture of pigments is creating new body colors that have not existed previously. This diversifies the painting structure and methods and so maximizes the transparency and depth of body colors. Thus, body colors that are closely related to technical factors will increase in the future and research on color preferences by region have been systemized to cope with global competition due to the expansion and change of auto export regions.

• Archives of design research
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• v.19 no.5 s.67
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• pp.95-104
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• 2006

The advertisement is an informative product in which a company or an organization has made a substantial capital investment in order to achieve their goals based on their carefully thought-out plans. David Ogilvy maintaned that making a headline of an advertisement is worth 80 percent completion of the advertisement. As he insisted, a headline is also the most important element in the printing advertisement. Therefore, the importance of selecting headline's font style is increased because, while creating a headline, it is necessary to consider the emotional aspects of the advertising object that attract the attention of people. Many researchers call 'typography' as 'frozen sound' or 'written sound' because typography not only works as a letter but also provide people with an emotional pleasure. An appropriate selection of headline's font style in the advertisement production makes both the client and the audience for the advertisement satisfied because it reduces the communication risk and makes design results more reasonable. It is difficult to find many decision-making methods for selecting headline's font style. Therefore, the author of this paper investigated the trend of the use of headline's font style in order to help the designer understand headline's font style as one of design factors. As a result of the research, it is possible to conclude that, while selecting the headline's font style, the attributes of a font consist of limited style, and more objective and systematic font selection methods are necessary.

• Archives of design research
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.385-394
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• 2003

Modem market's tendency is displaying brand strategy of Corporation sells product and consumer buys rand'.Brand acts by intermediate that reflect consumer's request and experience and attach product and consumer hat produce. Successful brand intended strategy empirical esthetics enemy, and consumer recognizes brand to novel experience and think by one fixed idea (awareness). any corporations wish to get maximum effect into minimum investment expense that reduce huge public elations and advertisement charge. Do to incuse impression for product brand through direct interview with consumer at purchase visual point, and do function hat drive purchase and the importance great rawly. Therefore, sight expression of brand image must be able to from immobile one impression in consumer's spirit being inked nearly with brand .Brand that situate by affirmative impression once can arrive in purchase by brand without alternative information being withdrawn by consumer's emory. Solution of visual expression for this being city cornification laying stress on logo and mark of brand as central element of brand image, speak as communication actor who back this. This to be Dija as direction that product and connection are deep before meaning that is sight language enemy who allow fetters special quality and the seniority in age sex language enemy of brand as ell as have direction of by methods method for problem solution present can .Therefore, relation with brand image analysis of sports equipment and consumer product purchase that this research forms market economy theoretical investigating to be effective and present direction that is image-making to be consistency this the purpose be.

• Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.35-45
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• 2016

Purpose: The present study was aimed to investigate the effect of corneal eccentricity on the axial rotation when wearing toric soft contact lenses were worn for certain time and changing the gaze directions. Methods: Toric soft contact lenses with double thin zone design applied on 85 of with-the-rule astigmatic eyes. Then, rotational direction and amount of contact lenses were measured after 15 minutes and 6 hours of lens wear. The difference was further compared and analyzed according to corneal eccentricity. Results: The rotation of toric lens showed a tendency to rotate to temporal direction in all gaze directions except temporal-upper direction in all groups of corneal eccentricity. The amount of lens rotation in the frontal gaze direction exhibited a negative correlation since the amount was decreased with increasing corneal eccentricity after both 15 minutes and 6 hours of lens wearing. In many cases, the cornea with small eccentricity also showed the lens rotation larger than $10^{\circ}$. The difference in rotational amount after 15 minutes of toric lens wear was small according to the corneal eccentricity however, the change of rotational amount of contact lens according to corneal eccentricity was shown after 6 hours of lens wear. Conclusions: The present study revealed that the amount of axial rotation was largely varied according to the wearer's corneal eccentricity when wearing toric lens and the rotational amount after certain time of lens was also affected by corneal eccentricity. Thus, it is suggested that the selection of toric soft contact lenses based on corneal eccentricity is necessary.

• Archives of design research
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.59-68
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• 2001

The design on magazine advertisement has been developed and investigated in various fields, but the matter of properties has been inattentive in advertisement. Therefore, this study is to clarify the role of advertisement properties and the application tendency of it through the case study of the magazines for woman in Korea, and to analyze the relationship among the characteristic of manufactured goods for advertising, visual effects, copy-writing and the advertisement properties. The results of the study are as follows ; 1 . It is important to choose the discriminative property compared to the competitive company and to consider the purpose of advertisement from the beginning of idea developing. 2. Leading the photo artist to the photo working corresponding to the purpose of advertisement is critical point in advertisement design process. 3. After the photographing, it should be investigated from the designer's point of view. The presentation strategies on the application of advertisement properties are as follows, ·Conform the subject of advertisement massage. ·Choose the advertisement properties considered the relationship between manufactured goods for advertising and properties. ·Consider the properties as the supporting tool in bringing manufactured goods for advertising into relief. The pertinent application of advertisement properties is able to attract public attention and to increase the worthy of advertisement. Therefore, the prudent trial and experiment on it is needed.

• Culinary science and hospitality research
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.1-17
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• 2011

The purpose of this study is to make an evaluation on menu selection and satisfaction levels of the tourists who visit Korean restaurants in Busan. This study aims to propose general, strategic plans for improving the menu quality management of Korean restaurants in the future and find out measures to make restaurant users satisfied and revisit. A survey was conducted on ordinary people who had visited Korean restaurants in tourist hotels in Busan. A total of 310 copies of questionnaire were distributed to them from September 1 to 30, 2008. The SPSS/PC+ for Window 12.0 was used for data processing and analysis. As a result, it was found that selection attributes of Korean restaurant menu had an effect on customer satisfaction and revisit intention, and the most influential factors were health and menu designs. These days, people are getting more interested in keeping in shape with the Well-being trend. Such a modern trend is an important factor when selecting menu items. Therefore, when menu management is considered, health-related factors need to be considered more than anything else. In addition, various and unique menu items need to be designed to draw people's curiosity and make customers revisit.

• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.25 no.5
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• pp.11-20
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• 2014

Recent changes in the dynamics of national economies, market liberalization, changes in technologies and movement of capital have had a major effect on the Asian Pacific region since the early 1990's, as there has been an increasing role for foreign housing developers in those countries that experienced economic liberalization, high urbanization rates and reforms in the housing sectors. Recently the cosmopolitan cities of Indonesia attracted a global interest due to its rapid economic development and great potential of population and natural resources. New town development emerged as one of the solutions to reduce urbanization problems in Indonesia. This study aims to explore the contemporary planning principles of new town developments in representative new town projects supplied by of major housing development companies in Indonesia. We conducted case study on the new town named Kota Baru Parahyangan, which is located in outskirt of Bandung, the third biggest city in Indonesia and supplied by PT. Belaputra Intiland. As a result of this study, we can identify unique characteristics of new town development in Indonesia.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Emotion and Sensibility Conference
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• 2007.05a
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• pp.35-38
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• 2007

맛을 인지하는데 있어 색채가 끼치는 영향에 대한 선행 연구들에 의하면 사람은 특정 색이 상기시켜주는 맛을 기억하고 있고, 맛과 그 강도를 예측하고 판단하는데 있어 색에 크게 의지하고 있음을 알 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 사람들이 음식물 색에 대한 경험의 종류와 정도에 따라 색채로부터 연상되는 맛에 대한 특성을 파악하기 위해 2회에 걸친 실험을 진행하였다. 실험 1에서는 색상환에 고르게 분포한 여섯 가지 대표 색을 가진 초콜렛 샘플을 준비하고 피험자들에게 단맛과 쓴맛의 정도에 대해 각각 평가하도록 하였다(N=20). 실험 2에서는 실험 1의 색을 활용하되, 이를 알약에 적용한 후 동일한 평가를 진행하였다(N=20). 실험 결과, 맛에 대한 경험이 풍부한 난색 계열에서는 단맛, 쓴맛에 대한 일관된 경향을 나타냈지만, 그렇지 않은 파랑색에 대해서는 분산된 반응을 나타났다. 본 연구의 결과는 경험의 정도에 따라 색으로부터 연상되는 공감각적 특성에 대한 통찰력을 제공하며 효과적인 식품 패키지 디자인에 참고로 활용될 수 있을 것이다.

• Journal of the Korea Furniture Society
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.112-121
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• 2014

The attempt of the contemporary society to overcome the environmental crisis is considered what the whole world is currently interested in. Since value of resources recycling has become emphasized even more, the field of design is, now, working hard to prove how much they are passionate about this eco-friendly design. Of all those activities that the field of design is involving in, a concept called 'upcycling' is receiving the greatest spotlight as a new trend. When it comes to upcycling, you should understand it as a both functional and aesthetic upgraded idea of conventional 'recycling' which would re-use waste resources. With this upcycling, you will have a chance to re-create an object of a new value, and it is a design concept which would consider environmental aspects but also social aspects. Since the year of 2000, the field of furniture design has been pursuing a new design trend which would intensively concern this upcycling concept. In the light of the present circumstances described on the above, this study conducts a case analysis on how upcycling of different materials is applied to furniture design since the year 2000. In doing so, the study improve understanding on furniture design as proposing new ways for you to look at the concerned design. Not only that, it also comes up with ideas and directions for new upcycling furniture design which could be demanded by the environmental industry.