• Investigative Magnetic Resonance Imaging
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.54-62
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• 2009

Purpose : Craniospinal neurenteric (NE) cysts are rare developmental non-neoplastic cysts of the central nervous system with diverse MR imaging findings. The purpose of this study was to evaluate various MR imaging findings of intracranial and intraspinal NE cysts. Materials and Methods : We retrospectively reviewed the MR imaging findings of six NE cysts that were confirmed by pathology. We evaluated anatomic location, signal intensity, size and enhancement pattern of NE cysts. Results : Two intracranial lesions were located extra-axially in the cerebellopontine angle and quadrigeminal cisterns. Three spinal lesions were intraduralextramedullary cysts, located ventral to the spinal cord, but one thoracic lesion was an intramedullary cyst. The signal intensity of the cysts was hyperintense on T1-weighted images as compared with the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) for two intracranial lesions and one cervical lesion. In addition, all intracranial lesions showed diffusion restriction. For the remaining three spinal lesions, the signal intensity was nearly the same as the signal intensity of the CSF as seen on both T1- and T2-weighted images. On contrast-enhanced studies, two intracranial cysts showed a small nodular enhancement and one thoracic spinal lesion showed rim enhancement. Conclusion : NE cysts have various locations, signal intensities, and possible focal nodular or rim enhancement. Therefore, NE cysts can be included in the differential diagnosis of various craniospinal cystic or tumorous cystic lesions.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.248-261
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• 1999

In order to define a current set of Korean children norm with mixed dentition, following study was done. The subjects were 102 healthy dentition contestants(48boys, 54girls). Standardized lateral head roentgenograms were taken, and Ricketts analysis was done. Results were as follows: 1. Length of anterior cranial base, posterior facial height, corpus length were longer in male than in female(p<0.05), and Porion was located posteriorly in male than in female(p<0.01). 2. Through facial depth, Pogonion of male was more forwardly positioned(p<0.05), mandible was significantly steeper in female, and maxillary anterior teeth were significantly tipped forward in male(p<0.05). 3. Variables such as length of anterior cranial base, upper molar position(p<0.01) and corpus length(p<0.05) were significantly changed by age. 4. Maxillary height, facial depth, mandibular plane angle, convexity were changed by age, but not significantly(p>0.05).

• Journal of IKEEE
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.838-844
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• 2020

In this paper, we propose an efficient Viterbi processor using Joint Viterbi detection and decoding (JVDD) algorithm for a for bluetooth low energy (BLE) system. Since the convolutional coded Gaussian minimum-shift keying (GMSK) signal is specified in the BLE 5.0 standard, two Viterbi processors are needed for detection and decoding. However, the proposed JVDD scheme uses only one Viterbi processor by modifying the branch metric with inter-symbol interference information from GMSK modulation; therefore, the hardware complexity can be significantly reduced without performance degradation. Low-latency and low-complexity hardware architecture for the proposed JVDD algorithm was proposed, which makes Viterbi decoding completed within one clock cycle. Viterbi Processor RTL synthesis results on a GF55nm process show that the gate count is 12K and the memory unit and the initial latency is reduced by 33% compared to the modified state exchange (MSE).

• Investigative Magnetic Resonance Imaging
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.86-93
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• 1997

Purpose: To assess the ability of in vivo H-1 MRS to determine the degree of malignancy and to characterize the histopathologic type of intracranial solid tumors. Materials and Methods: In vivo H-1 MR spectra of the pathologically-proven 81 intracranial soild tumors (low-grade glioma 17 cases, high-grade glioma 31 cases, lymphoma 9 cases, meningioma 8 cases, central neurocytoma 4 cases, medulloblastoma 3 cases, PNET 3 cases, metastasis 2 cases, others 4 cases) were analyzed. H-1 MR spectroscopy was performed on a 1.5T MR unit using PRESS sequence with a TR of 2000ms, a TE of 270 or 135ms and a voxel size of $2{\times}2{\times}2cm^3$ for all spectra. N-acetyl aspartate (NAA)/Creatine complex(Cr), Choline complex (Cho)/Cr, and lactate (Lac)/Cr ratios were measured on the peak heights of each resonance and compared among the different tumors. Results: All intracranial solid tumors demonstrated decreased NAA, elevated Cho and lactate, and variable Cr levels. All tumors showed increased Cho/Cr and Lac/Cr, whereas NAA/Cr level was decreased. Mean Cho/Cr and Lac/Cr ratios were significantly higher in high-grade gliomas than in low-grade gliomas. However, NAA/Cr ratio showed no significant difference between low-grade and high-grade gliomas. Very high Cho peaks were seen in lymphomas, meningiomas, medulloblastomas, and neurocytomas in addition to high-grade gliomas. Conclusion: H-1 MRS may be useful in differentiating between low-grade and high-grade gliomas, however cannot characterize the histologic types or subtypes of tumors.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.29 no.1 s.72
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• pp.51-72
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• 1999

In orthodontic field, it is very important to understand the normal growth. Such an understanding can be derived from observation of normal growth in various samples from childhood to adulthood, and this builds a foundation from which growth abnormality or variation can be defined. Thus, a broad data collection of normal children, as well as basic study reviewing such data become necessary. The relationship between the mean values of cephalometric measurements in Growth and Development was studied among the groups(boys and girls) of Korean chidren from the ages 6-years to 16-years. 220 boys 170 girls were chosen as subjects : Cephalometric X-ray were taken for 3 years and hard tissue analysis on McNamara and Ricketts Analysis which was divided into measurements of 5 parts(Cranial base, Cranial base and Maxilla & Mandible, Maxilla and Mandible, Mandible, Dental measurements). The relationship of craniofacial growth was studied. The following conclusions were obtained: 1. There were statistically significant differences in anterior cranial base between the two sexes of 14 and 15-year grouips. 2. In comparison of growth amounts among different age groups, statistically singnificant difference in Posterior facial height exhisted among $10\~11,\;12\~13\;and\;14\~15$ year-old interval groups. This pattern increased with aging. 3. Na perpendicular to A showed earlier growth peak in females(11-12years) than males(12-13years). When horizontal measurements of point A and Pogonion are compared, mandibular growth appeared to be greater. 4. Maximum growth peak of cranial base and mandible was earlier in females (11-12years) than males(13-14 years). 5. Upper central incisor flared out with aging, and there were increases in lower incisor to A-Pg, and lower incisor inclination There was significant difference between the two sexes in 10-year-old group.

• Proceedings of the Korean Information Science Society Conference
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• 2001.10c
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• pp.403-405
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• 2001

MPEG-4 미디어 파일은 저비트율에서 고비트율까지 다양한 응용범위에서 이용 가능하므로, 요즘들어서 MPEG-4의 미디어 파일이 많은 분야에서 사용되고 있다. 하지만 미디어를 다루는 전문가 외에는 MPEG-4 알고리즘을 이용한 미디어 파일을 생성하여 서비스하기에는 많은 어려움이 있다. 따라서, 본 논문에서는 사용자가 사용하기 편리한 인터페이스를 갖춘 MPEG-4파일 생성 도구를 만들었다. 본 파일 생성도구는 일반 PC에 보편화된 미디어 포맷인 AVI과일을 입력으로 오디오와 비디오를 포함한 MPEG-4 파일을 생성하는 도구이다. 이 도구에는 비디오의 화면 크기 변환, 오디오의 채널변환 및 샘플링 주파수 변환 등의 전처기와 비디오/오디오 압축을 위한 각각의 MPEG-4 비디오/오디오 부호기 및 생성된 두개의 미디어 파일을 하나로 묶어 표준에 맞은 파일을 생성하는 포맷터를 포함한다. 본 파일 생성도구는 응용 비트율에 따른 파일 생성뿐 만 아니라 각각의 미디어 파일의 조건을 사용자 인터페이스의 간단한 입력으로 원하는 응용에 맞는 다양한 파일을 생성할 수 있다.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.178-183
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• 1999

We report four cases of spontaneous intracranial hypotension that were investigated by radionuclide cisternography. $^{99m}Tc$-diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid radionuclide cisternography of all our patients showed direct sign of cerebrospinal fluid leakage as well as indirect signs of less activity than expected over the cerebral convexities and rapid appearance of bladder activity. The headache of all patients was eventually controlled with bed rest and hydration.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2002.07c
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• pp.1527-1529
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• 2002

본 논문은 저손실 소형 대역통과 여파기인 기지국용 RF/Microwave 수동소자의 다중 공진 모드(Multi-Mode)에 관한 연구로 한개의 유전체 공진기(Dielectric Resonator)로 두개의 공진 모드(Dual-Mode)를 형성하고 그의 결합량을 조절하여 대역통과 여파기를 설계 및 제작하고, 기지국용 Dual-Mode 대역통과 여파기의 소형화, 경량화를 50%이상 향상시켜 양질의 Dual-Mode 공진 특성을 관찰하였다.

• Proceedings of the KIPE Conference
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• 2008.10a
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• pp.10-12
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• 2008

본 논문에서는 전원장치의 슬림화 및 저 가격을 위해 독립된 공진 탱크로 구성된 LLC 공진 컨버터를 제안하였다. 적용된 변압기는 슬림화를 위하여 두 개로 나누었으며 각 변압기에 독립된 공진 탱크를 구성하였다. 또한 두 개의 변압기의 2차 측 권선을 각각 교차하여 직렬로 연결하였고 부하변동에 대해서 상호 커플링 되어 있어서 12V출력 단 및 24V 출력 단 전압변동을 최소화 할 수 있는 250W 시제품을 제작하여 실험한 결과내용이다.

• Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
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• 2024.05a
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• pp.641-643
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• 2024

실세계에서는 두개 이상의 객체들이 서로 관계를 맺고있다. 단 두 객체 간의 관계만 표현하는 그래프와는 달리 여러 객체들 간의 관계를 표현하는 하이퍼그래프는 그룹 상호작용을 잘 표현할 수 있다. 이러한 강점으로 하이퍼그래프를 활용한 응용들이 많이 제안되고 있다. 하이퍼그래프 임베딩은 하이퍼그래프의 구조를 이용하여 노드를 저차원 벡터로 표현하는 방법이다. 이렇게 표현된 벡터들은 노드 분류, 커뮤니티 탐지, 링크예측 등 광범위한 응용에 활용된다. 하지만 하이퍼그래프는 그래프보다 희소성 문제가 훨씬 더 심해 데이터 셋의 희소성이 하이퍼그래프 임베딩 방법의 성능에 큰 영향을 미칠 수 있다. 따라서, 본 논문에서는 희소성에 따른 하이퍼그래프 임베딩 방법들의 성능을 분석하고자 한다. 우리는 8 개의 실세계 데이터셋을 이용한 실험을 통해 데이터가 희소할수록 하이퍼그래프 임베딩 방법들의 성능이 감소하는 것을 확인하였다.