• Journal of Korea Soil Environment Society
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.25-32
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• 2000

The electrokinetic apparatus for remediation of the soil contaminated with $Sr^{2+}$ was designed. After kaolin clay compulsorily contaminated by $Sr^{2+}$ solution, the remediation characteristics by electrokinetic method were analyzed. Meanwhile. the numerical code for analysis of electrokinetic migration was developed for modelling of the soil remediation. And the input parameters needed for modelling were measured by laboratory experiment or taken from literature. Experimental results are as follows: After 3 day remidiation under 40 voltage, the front part of experimental cell was almost decontaminated, but the behind part didnt almost be decontaminated. Consequently. the total remediation ratio of $Sr^{2+}$ from cell soil was about 42.6%. Also, the total $Sr^{2+}$remediation ratio from cell soil was about 84.8% after 6 days. The values calculated by the developed code almost agreed with experimental values When voltages of electrode were increased by 10, 30, 40V, the total $Sr^{2+}$ remediation ratlos were about 21.9%. 43.3%, 84.8%, respectively, after 6 days.

• Proceedings of the Korean Nuclear Society Conference
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• 1998.05b
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• pp.802-807
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• 1998

Cs$^{+}$ 이온으로 오염된 kaolin 토양에 대한 동전기적 토양제염 연구를 수행하였다. 실험실 규모의 제염장치를 제작하여 계의 pH, 전류 및 전압 변화를 측정하였으며 전압 변화에 따른 전기삼투 흐름속도의 변화와 산 전선의 이동속도 변화를 조사하였다. 일정시간에서, Cs$^{+}$ 이온의 제거량은 계에 걸어준 전압에 비례하여 증가하였고 실험으로부터 구한 본 계의 electroosmotic permeability coefficient (K$_{e}$)는 4.27 x $10^{-6}$ $\textrm{cm}^2$/V.S 이다.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.22 no.11
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• pp.2007-2016
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• 2000

After kaolin clay was compulsorily contaminated with $Sr^{2+}$ ion. the remediation characteristics by electrokinetic method were analyzed. In the first experiment. NaCl solution was used as an electrolyte to raise the electric field strength. After remediation for 0.8 days. the pH of the cathode side of the soil column was elevated from 4.0 to 11.7. and thereby precipitation $Sr(OH)_2$, started to be formed in the side. Therefore. efficiency of soil remediation was reduced significantly and the 32% of total $Sr^{2+}$ ion in the column was decontaminated in 6.7 days. In the second experiment. ethanoic buffer was injected in the soil column and $CH_3COOH$ was continuously inputted in cathode reservoir to restrain the pH elevation. The pH of the cathode side of the soil column was only ascended from 4.0 to 6.0 in 3.8 days and $Sr(OH)_2$ was not formed. The 21% of total $Sr^{2+}$ in the soil column was decontaminated in 0.6 days. and the 33% of total $Sr^{2+}$ in 0.9 days. and the 84% of total $Sr^{2+}$ in 1.6 days. and the 92% of total $Sr^{2+}$ in 2.5 days. and the 97% of total $Sr^{2+}$ in 3.8 days. Meanwhile. the residual concentrations in the column calculated by the developed model were similar to those by experiment.

• Proceedings of the Korean Nuclear Society Conference
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• 1999.10a
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• pp.285.1-285
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• 1999

• Proceedings of the Korean Radioactive Waste Society Conference
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• 2004.06a
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• pp.13-23
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• 2004

The characteristics of cesium and cobalt removal from soil around the TRIGA reactor using the electrokinetic method were analyzed and a device to restrain the pH increase in the soil column was suggested. When a NaCl solution was used as the electrolyte to raise the electric field strength, a precipitate was formed in the cathode in the soil column, resulting in a low removal efficiency. Thus, an acetate buffer solution (compound solution of $CH_3COONa$ and $CH_3COOH$) was injected into the soil column and acetic acid was periodically infected into the cathode reservoir to restrain any pH increase. Many $Cs^{2+}$ and $Co^{2+}$ ions were transferred by electromigration rather than electroosmosis during the initial remediation period, and no precipitate was formed in the soil column. 96% of the total amount of cesium in the soil column was removed after 5.9 days, while 94% of the total amount of cobalt was removed. Furthermore, the residual concentrations predicted by the developed model were similar to those obtained by experiment.

• Journal of Nuclear Fuel Cycle and Waste Technology(JNFCWT)
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.145-153
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• 2004

H$_2$SO$_4$ and citric acid were used as additives for the electrokinetic remediation experiment to increase removal efficiency of $^{137}$ Cs and $^{60}$ Co from the radioactive soil waste stored for more than 10 years. The average effluent velocity discharged from the elctrokinectic remediation experimental column was 2.0${\times}$10$^{-2}$ cm/min and the discharged soil wastewater volume for 10 days is 3.6 pore volume of the column. 97% of $^{60}$ Co in the column was decontaminated for 10 days of operation, while only 54% of $^{137}$ Cs was decontaminated. These results are considered that the absorption equilibrium coefficient of $^{137}$ Cs is higher than that of $^{60}$ Co. The predicted values of the residual concentration by the proposed mathematical model were well coincided with the experimental results within the experimental error range

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Soil and Groundwater Environment Conference
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• 2000.11a
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• pp.290-293
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• 2000

After kaolin clay was compulsorily contaminated with Co$^{2+}$ion, the remediation characteristics by electrokinetic method were analyzed. Ethanoic buffer was injected in the soil column and $CH_3$COOH was continuously inputted in cathode reservoir to restrain the pH elevation. Since pH of the cathode side of the soil column was 4.0 at initial and was restrained by 6.5 at 43.6 hours, Precipitation, Co(OH)$_2$, was not formed in the column. Effluent rate increased with time passage and remediation in the column in initial time was mainly controlled by ion migration. 13.1% of total in the soil column was remediated in 10 hours, and the 6.8% of total in 20.8 hours, and the 71.7% of total in 43.6 hours, and the 94.6% of total in 43.6 hours. Meanwhile, the residual concentrations in the column calculated by the developed model were similar to those by experiment.t.