• Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
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• v.26 no.9
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• pp.23-30
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• 2009

• Journal of the Korea institute for structural maintenance and inspection
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.28-39
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• 2013

The most common housing type in Korea is low-rise buildings with unreinforced masonry walls (UMWs) that have been known as a vulnerable seismic-force-resisting system (SFRS) due to the lack of ductility capacities compared to high lateral stiffness of an UMW. However, there are still a little experimental investigation on the shear strength and stiffness of UMWs and on the seismic performance of buildings using UMWs as a SFRS. In Korea, the shear strength and stiffness of UMWs have been evaluated with the equations suggested in FEMA 356 which can not reflect the structural and material characteristics, and workmanship of domestic UMW construction. First of all, this study demonstrates the differences in shear strength and stiffness of UMWs obtained from between FEMA 356 and test results. The influence of these differences on the seismic performance of UMW buildings is then discussed with incremental dynamic analyses results of a prototype UMW building that were selected by the site survey of more than 200 UMW buildings and existing test results of UMWs. The seismic performance assessment of the prototype UMW building are analyzed based on collapse margin ratios and beta values repesenting uncertainty of seismic capacity. Analysis results show that the seismic performance of the UMW building estimated using the equations in FEMA 356 underestimates both a collapse margin ratio and a beta value compared to that estimated by test results. Whatever the estimation is carried out two cases, the seismic performance of the prototype building does not meet the criteria prescribed in a current Korean seismic code and about 90% collapse probability presents for more than 30-year-old UMW buildings under earthquakes with 2400 return years.

• Journal of Korean Society of Steel Construction
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.229-236
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• 2017

The purpose of this study is to investigate the behavior and characteristics of rubber springs and calculate the compressive stiffness by performing dynamic compression tests of rubber springs. In order to carry out the dynamic compression test of rubber spring, total 9 rubber springs were tailored by calculating the shape factor of L80-D55, L90-D58, and L100-D60, and used for the experiments. Experiments were performed by controlling the compression according to the length of the rubber spring, and the compression was increased in the order of 5%, 10%, 15%, 20% and 25% of the strain. From the experimental results, the force-strain curves were obtained and it was confirmed that strength decrease and strength increase phenomenon occurred as the strain increased. In addition, it was confirmed that the decrease of stiffness and the increase of stiffness were clearly observed according to the size and diameter of the rubber spring, and the effective compression stiffness was estimated using the slope of the force-strain curve. By using the effective compressive stiffness, design values that can be used in actual design were presented.

• Computational Structural Engineering
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• v.3 no.3
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• pp.20-24
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• 1990

현재까지의 철근콘크리트(R/C)부재의 이력거동을 예측하기 위한 이론적 연구는 대부분이 휨 변위량이 전체 변위량을 지배한다는 가정하에 휨 해석을 행하고 있다. 그러나 지진과 같은 탄성한계를 벗어난 강한 동적반복하중을 받는 경우 철근 콘크리트 부재의 변위량은 휨 변위량 뿐만 아니라 전단 변위량 및 부재연결부에서의 회전 변위량에 의해 지배됨이 많은 연구를 통해 밝혀졌다. 전단이력거동은 강성과 강도저하가 심하게 나타나고 낮은 에너지 발산능력을 갖는 특징에 의해 휨 이력거동과는 구별되며 반복하중이 계속되면 강성이 저하되는 경향때문에 전단변형이 R/C부재의 거동을 지배하게 된다. 이러한 부재거동의 특징에 견주어 볼 때 현재 사용되고 있는 해석모델을 이용하여 동적응답을 예측하고, 해석하여 설계된 기존의 R/C부재는 강한 동적하중을 받을 경우 해석적으로는 전혀 예측치 못하게 되는 결과를 초래하게 된다.

• Magazine of the Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.100-107
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• 1982

최근 철근 콘크리트 구조물의 지진하중 및 이와 유사한 진동하중에 대한 내진안전성 문제가 대두되어 이에 관한 모형공식체의 진동실험 및 실존구조물의 동적구조특성의 해석 등에 의한 내진성 향상을 위한 보강방법이 강구되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 진동하중에 파괴되기 쉬룬 철근 콘크리트 보와 기둥이 상호 교차되는 죠인트 구역의 동적파괴거동을 확인하기 위하여 "L"형 철근 콘크리트 죠인트와 부재를 제작, 모의지진하중 조건하에서의 동적 응답특성을 구명하고자 반복하중에 따른 joint구역과 보 및 기둥의 동적파괴거동을 고찰하였다. 특히 내진구조물 설계에 주요 요소인 연성(m)이 0.5, 1.0, 3.0일 때 각각 3회씩 그리고 m=5.0일 때 부재가 완전히 파괴될 때까지 4회 반복하여 반복하중을 작용시키면서 이때의 부재의 극한강도 및 그 변형성능을 LVDT System을 사용하여 조사분석하였으며, 파괴성상은 물론 배근효과에 대하여도 이를 구명하고자 노력하였다. 본 연구 결과 무엇보다도 부재의 강성과 내력의 향상 및 신축만곡, 전단변형 등의 변형성능의 개선 그리고 보의 휨파괴에 대한 보강 및 joint구역의 전단보강은 내진구조물 설계를 위하여 중요 사항임을 확인하였다.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Hazard Mitigation
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.19-26
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• 2009

In this study, flowable backfill made with weathered granite soil is tested to provide basic engineering properties that can be used as design input to overcome settlement problems in road pavement due to low stiffness of backfill which is generated by porosity of the soil. For design purpose, a proper mixing ratio is developed first. Then several test methods including FF/RC, PMT and LDWT including axial compression test are adapted for checking stiffness and measuring axial strength of the material separately that can be used for design values.

• Journal of Korean Society of Steel Construction
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• v.23 no.5
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• pp.595-606
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• 2011

This study was conducted to investigate the seismic behavior of steel member resisting frames considering the relative stiffness of the connection and beams. Six-story steel moment frames were designed to study the seismic behavior. The connections were classified into Double Web-Angle connections (DWAs), Top- and Seat-angles with double Web-angles (TWSs), FEMA-Test Summary No. 28, Specimen ID: UCSD-6 (SAC), and Fully Restrained (FR). The rotational stiffness of the semi-rigid connections was estimated using the Three-Parameter Power Model adopted by Chen and Kishi. The relative stiffness, which is the ratio of the rotational stiffness of the connections to the stiffness of the beams, was used. Push-over, repeated loading, and time history analysis were performed for all the frames. The seismic behavior of each frame was analyzed with the story drift, plastic hinge rotation, and hysteretic energy distribution.

• Proceedings of the KSR Conference
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• 2007.11a
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• pp.1379-1385
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• 2007

In domestic transitional zone design, there is regulation to prevent generation of irregular substructure behaviors that negatively influence in prevention of plasticity settlement on approach section and contact section as well as relieve overall track rigidity by reducing sectional foundation and track stiffness difference, but design guideline that considers dynamic behavior of transitional track in actual service line is very insignificant. Therefore in this study, characteristics of transitional track dynamic behaviors by substructure stiffness are researched and measured dynamic response of transitional track by substructure stiffness in order to prove correlation between substructure and track and calculate elasticity(stiffness) and track load of transitional track by using measurement and formula to provide basic information for developing design guideline considering dynamic behavior of service line transitional track.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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• v.35 no.7
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• pp.821-826
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• 2011

CAE-based structural optimization techniques are applied for the design of a lightweight crane. The boom of the crane is designed by shape optimization with the shape of the cross section of the boom as the design variable. The design objective is mass minimization, and the static strength and dynamic stiffness of the system are set as the design constraints. Hyperworks, a commercial analysis and optimization software, is used for shape and topology optimization. In order to consistently change the shape of the elements of the boom with respect to the change in the shape of its cross section, the morphing function in Hyperworks is used. The support of the boom of the original model is simplified to model the design domain for topology optimization, which is discretized by using three-dimensional solid elements. The final result after shape and topology optimization is 19% and 17% reduction in the masses of the boom and support, respectively, without a deterioration in the system stiffness.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.167-178
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• 2003

Damage and overbreak of the remaining rock induced by blasting can not be avoided during tunnel construction which may result in either short-term or long-term tunnel instability. Therefore, in this paper, a methodology to take into account the effect of blast-induced damage in tunnel stability assessment is proposed. Dynamic numerical analysis was executed to evaluate damage and overbreak of the remaining rock for the most common blasting pattern in road tunnel. Rock damage was quantified by utilizing the damage variable factor which is adopted proposed in continuum damage mechanics. The damaged rock stiffness and the damaged failure criteria are used to consider the effect of rock damage in tunnel stability analysis. The damaged geological strength index of the damaged rock was newly proposed from the relationship between deformation modulus and geological strength index. Also the Hoek-Brown failure criteria of the damaged rock was obtained using the damaged geological strength index. Analysing the tunnel stability with the consideration of the blast-induced damage of remaining rock, it was found that the extend of plastic zone and deformation increased compared to the undamaged rock. Therefore the short-term or long-term tunnel stability will be threatened when the rock damage from blasting is ignored in the tunnel stability analysis.