• Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.199-205
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• 2019

Enteroviral infections are common in neonates. One important infection pathway is vertical transmission from an infected mother to her neonate. Here, we report the early detection and successful treatment of a vertically transmitted fulminant enteroviral infection associated with myocarditis and hepatitis. The patient had a sudden onset of high fever on the fourth day of life and developed severe, rapidly progressing symptoms of disseminated intravascular coagulopathy (DIC), hepatitis, and myocarditis accompanied by tachyarrhythmia. As it was the peak season for enteroviral infections and both the mother and the patient's 36-month-old sibling had a high fever around the time of delivery, we suspected an enteroviral infection. Thus, we initiated prompt evaluation of enteroviral infection, as well as close observation and intensive care of the neonate. We strongly recommend evaluation for the possibility of vertical enterovirus infection in neonates when the mother is suspected of having a viral infection (e.g., high fever and negative results from bacterial infectious studies) around the time of delivery and when the neonate shows some early symptoms of infectious diseases such as thrombocytopenia, DIC, hepatitis, and myocarditis. Early detection of enteroviral infections and prompt implementation of proper treatment are key to reduce the risk of complications and mortality associated with enteroviral infections in neonates.

• Journal of fish pathology
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.65-72
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• 2006

Nervous necrosis virus (NNV) that causes severe mortality during seed production of red drum (Sciaenops ocellatus) is known to be vertically transmitted from infected spawners. This study was conducted to produce NNV free seeds by testing spawners for NNV infection and using virus free eggs for seed production. RT-PCR analysis of 40 spawners showed 18 positives and 22 negatives. NNV was not detected from eggs obtained from the negative spawners but was detected from those obtained from the positives. NNV was not detected from culturing seawater in tanks and Chlorella spp., Brachionus plicatilis., and Brine shrimp those were provided as live feed. The survival rates of fry from NNV positive and negative spawners were 80% and 85%, respectively by two weeks after hatching. The mortality increased from 25days after hatching and the final survival rate of seeds from NNV positive and negative spawners were 0% and 18.3%, respectively on 41 days after hatching. These results suggested that virus free red drum seeds can be obtained by using virus-free spawners.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Applied Pharmacology
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• 1996.04a
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• pp.240-240
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• 1996

Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Enterobacter cloacae, Proteus mirabilis 및 Pseudomonas aeruginosa에 의한 mouse 복강내감염증에 대하여 DA-1131은 IPM/CS와 MEPM/CS에 비하여 현저히 우수한 치료효과를 나타내었다. 백혈구감소 mouse에서의 P. aeruginosa에 의한 복강내감염증에 대하여도 DA-1131은 IPM/CS와 MEPM 및 MEPM/CS보다 동등 이상의 우수한 치료효과를 나타내었다. K. pneumoniae를 감염균으로 한 mouse 호흡기감염 후 생존율 평가 시험에서 DA-1131 투여 mouse는 IPM/CS 및 MEPM/CS에 비하여 현저히 우수한 생존율을 나타내었고, 동시에 MEPM/CS와 유사한 폐내 생균수의 감소 pattern이 확인되었으며, IPM/CS에 비하여 균의 재증식을 억제하는 효과가 우수하였다. P. mirabilis에 의한 mouse 요로감염증에서는 DA-1131 투여군의 신장내 생균수감소는 MEPM/CS와 동등한 수준인 것으로 나타났으나 IPM/CS에 비하여는 매우 우수하였다.

• Review of KIISC
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.74-82
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• 2005

오늘날 네트워크 보안 기술은 해커의 침입 탐지 및 제어, 분산 서비스 거부 공격의 방지 등 많은 분야에서 발전하여 왔다. 그러나, 최근 많은 문제를 발생시키면서 등장한 인터넷 웜은 기존의 네트워크 보안 장비들을 무력화시키며 인터넷 상에 연결된 많은 호스트들을 감염시키고 동시에 네트워크 자원을 소모시켜 버렸다. 실상 초기의 웜은 작은 규모의 네트워크에서 퍼지는 정도 일뿐 심각한 피해를 주는 경우는 거의 없었고 따라서 이에 대해서 심각한 대비책 등을 생각하지는 않았다. 그러나 2001년 발생한 CodeRed 웜은 인터넷에 연결된 많은 컴퓨터들을 순식간에 감염시켜 많은 경제적, 물질적 피해를 발생시켰고, 그 이후 2003년 1월에 발생한 Stammer 웜은 10분이라는 짧은 순간 안에 75000 여대 이상의 호스트를 감염시키고 네트워크 자체를 마비시켰다. 특히 Stammer 월은 국내에서 많은 피해를 유발시켰기에 더더욱 유명하다. 명절 구정과 맞물려 호황을 누리던 인터넷 쇼핑 몰과, 인터넷 금융 거래를 수행하던 은행 전산소 등을 일시에 마비시켜 버리면서 경제적으로도 실질적인 막대한 피해를 우리에게 주었다. 이런 웜을 막기 위해서 많은 보안 업체 및 연구소들이 나서고 있으나, 아직은 사전에 웜의 피해를 막을만한 확실한 대답을 얻지 못하고 있다. 본 논문에서는, 현재 수행하고 있는 여러 웜의 탐지기법에 대해서 조사한 결과를 설명하고, 이어서 본 연구소에서 수행하고 있는 웜의 탐지 기법에 대해서 설명하고 간단한 탐지 결과를 보일 것이다.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.338-342
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• 2015

A 12-year-old castrated male miniature Schnauzer had anorexia, vomiting, lethargy, and fever for four days. The dog had leukocytosis, thrombocytopenia, hypoglycemia, hypoalbuminemia, hyperbilirubinemia, increased hepatic enzymes on hematologic and biochemical examinations. On abdominal ultrasonographs, there was an enlarged gallbladder with hyperechoic irregular wall thickening. Echocardiography showed vegetative change and regurgitation of aortic and mitral valves. E.coli was identified through ultrasound guided percutaneous cholecystocentesis and bile culture. Bacterial cholecystitis and concurrent endocarditis were diagnosed. The dog was recovered from sepsis with antibacterial and aggressive supportive therapy.

• The Journal of the Korean Society for Microbiology
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.79-87
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• 1979

The immunosuppressive activity of newcastle disease virus(NDV) and some possible role of interferon(C-IF) in viral suppression of immune response were evaluated by SRBC-induced delayed-type hypersensitivity(DTH), rosette formation in spleen cells, number of lymphocytes in peripheral blood, hemagglutinin and hemolysin response to SRBC in ICR mice sensitized with SRBC. When NDV was inoculated before or after sensitization of mouse with SRBC, virus caused a marked inhibition of DTH, and its depressive effect was dependent on the time of virus inoculation in relation to SRBC sensitization or challenge. Rosette formation of spleen cells was significantly reduced by NDV infection. The degree of the depression of rosette formation was more prominent in mice inoculated before sensitization than after sensitization and could be related to the amount of serum interferon induced by the virus. Humoral response to SRBC of virus infected mouse was significantly depressed when NDV was inoculated 24 or 48 hours before sensitization. However, there was no difference in the response when the virus was inoculated 9 hour before and at the same time of sensitization or even after that. Lymphocytes in peripheral blood of mice were markedly diminished in numbers when NDV was inoculated 48 and 24 hour before sensitization with SRBC, but they were slightly augmented when the virus was inoculated 9 hour before and at the same time of sensitization. When UV-inactivated or heat-inactivated NDV was injected to the mouse at the same time of sensitization with SRBC, DTH and rosette formation of spleen cells were slightly depressed. DTH and rosette formation in mice treated with crude-IF were generally depressed as com pared with those of control mice. These studies suggest that the NDV causes a significant depression of cell-mediated immunity, whereas the humoral immune response is not inhibited markedly, and that the depression of immune response by NDV infection may be caused by interferon produced by NDV and direct viral activity.

• KOREAN POULTRY JOURNAL
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• v.25 no.12 s.290
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• pp.123-127
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• 1993

겨울철이 되었다. 일반 계사는 밀폐되고 윈도레스계사 또한 휀 속도를 줄이게 되어 계사내는 먼지와 오염된 공기로 차게된다. 온도 또한 떨어진다. 얼른 떠오르게 되는 것이 호흡기질병이며 무엇인가 대책이 없을까 하는 것이다. 호흡기질병을 예방하기 위해서는 환기, 보온, 소독, 백신, 약제투여란 5박자에서 환기, 보온, 소독과 약제는 다 아는 사실이나 백신 응용에 관한 문제는 아직까지 가격이 비싸기 때문에 경제성 문제로 많이 사용되고 있지 않는 상황이다. 그러나 경제성에 대한 국내의 실제 성적은 아직까지 농장에서의 데이타가 미비하여 정확한 수치로 산출되지 못하고 있다. 이에 일본의 3군데 가족보건위생소에서 발표한 현장성적과 정리되지 않은 국내 사정을 참고하여 보면서 생산성 향상에 보탬이 될 수 있는 방법이 되었으면 한다. 닭이 마이코플라즈마 갈리셉티컴(MG)에 감염되면 호흡기 증상의 유무에 관계없이 산란저하와 중지란, 사롱란의 발생이 많이 일어나 경제적 피해를 입게되는데 이를 방지하기 위해 MG생독과 사독을 미국에서 먼저 개발하였으며 이를 여러나라에서 사용하고 있는 중이나, 일본에서는 1989년 사독백신을 개발하여 널리 사용하고 있으며 이들 백신은 닭에게 MG감염을 완전히 막아 주는 것은 아니나 호흡기 증상이나 기도 병변 형성을 억제함과 동시에 산란저하, 부하율저하 현상을 경감시켜주는 역할을 해내고 있다.

• The Sea:JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF OCEANOGRAPHY
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.181-194
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• 2002

Parasitism is a one-sided relationship between two organisms in which one benefits at the expense of the other. Parasitic dinoflagellates, particularly species of Amoebophrya, have long been thought to be a potential biological agent for controlling harmful algal bloom(HAB). Amoebophrya infections have been reported for over 40 species representing more than 24 dinoflagellate genera including a few toxic species. Parasitic dinoflagellates Amoebophrya spp. have a relatively simple life cycle consisting of an infective dispersal stage (dinospore), an intracellular growth stage(trophont), and an extracellular reproductive stage(vermiform). Biology of dinospores such as infectivity, survival, and ability to successfully infect host cells differs among dinoflagellate host-parasite systems. There are growing reports that Amoebophrya spp.(previously, collectively known as Amoebophrya ceratii) exhibit the strong host specificity and would be a species complex composed of several host-specific taxa, based on the marked differences in host-parasite biology, cross infection, and molecular genetic data. Dinoflagellates become reproductively incompetent and are eventually killed by the parasite once infected. During the infection cycle of the parasite, the infected host exhibits ecophysiologically different patterns from those of uninfected host in various ways. Photosynthetic performance in autotrophic dinoflagellates can be significantly altered following infection by parasitic dinoflagellate Amoebophrya, with the magnitude of the effects over the infection cycle of the parasite depending on the site of infection. Parasitism by the parasitic dinoflagellate Amoebophrya could have significant impacts on host behavior such as diel vertical migration. Parasitic dinoflagellates may not only stimulate rapid cycling of dissolved organic materials and/or trace metals but also would repackage the relatively large sized host biomass into a number of smaller dinospores, thereby leading to better retention of host's material and energy within the microbial loop. To better understand the roles of parasites in plankton ecology and harmful algal dynamics, further research on a variety of dinoflagellate host-parasite systems is needed.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.347-356
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• 1999

Background: Exit site/tunnel infection causes considerable morbidity and technique failure in CAPD patients. We presently use a unique revision method for the treatment of refractory ESI/TI in CAPD patients and mupirocin prophylaxis for high risk patients. Materials and Methods: We reviewed 139 CAPD patients about the ESI/TI from October 1993 to February 1999 at Yeungnam University Hospital. At the beginning of the ESI. we usually started medications with rifampicin and ciprofloxacin and then changed the antibiotics according to the sensitivity test. If the ESI had persisted and there were TI symptoms (purulent discharge, abscess lesion around exit site). we performed catheter revision(external cuff shaving, disinfection around tunnel and new exit site on opposit direction) with a combination of proper antibiotics. We applied local mupirocin ointment at the exit site three times per week to the 34 patients who had the risk of ESI starting from October 1998. Results: The total follow-up was 2401 patient months(pt. mon). ESI occurred on 105 occasions in 36 out of 139 patients, and peritonitis occurred on 112 occasions in 67 out of 139 patients. The total number of incidences of ESI and peritonitis was 1 per 23.0 pt. mon and 1 per 2l.6 pt.mon. The most common organism responsible for ESI was Staphylococcus aureus (26 of 54 isolated cases, 48%), followed by the Methicillin resistant S. aureus(MRSA) (13 cases, 24%). Seven patients(5: MRSA. 2: Pseudomonas) had to be treated with a revision to control infection. Three patients experienced ESI relapse after revision. One of them improved with antibiotics, while another needed a second revision and the remaining required catheter removal due to persistent MRSA infection with re-insertion at the same time. But, there was no more ESI in these 3 patients who were received management to relapse (The mean duration: 14.0 months). The rates of ESI were significantly reduced after using mupirocin than before(1 per 12.7 vs 34.0 pt.mon, P<0.01). Conclusions: In summary, revision technique can be regarded as an effective method for refractory ESI/TI before catheter removal. Also local mupirocin ointment can play a significant role in the prevention of ESI.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.52 no.5
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• pp.544-548
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• 2009

Purpose : To elucidate a potential association between Helicobacter pylori (HP) infection and iron-deficiency anemia (IDA) in infants and children in terms of the other factors related to iron utilization and storage although the association of ferritin was previously studied. Methods : We evaluated 135 infants (aged 6-24 months) admitted at Gyeongsang National University Hospital from 2000 to 2006. Western blot assays using the HP CagA antigen (120 kD) were conducted to identify infections. The concentrations of six parameters were measured: hemoglobin (Hb), serum ferritin, soluble serum transferrin receptors, interleukin-6, prohepcidin, and C-reactive protein. In addition, the infants were classified into IDA, anemia from inflammation (AI), unclassified anemia (UCA), and normal groups on the basis of Hb and ferritin concentrations. Results : In the IDA group (n=20), seven infants were infected with HP, with the other infants showing no evidence of infection. The mean Hb levels in the IDA group were significantly lower in HP-infected infants than those uninfected (7.1 vs. 8.2 g/dL, respectively); the mean ferritin levels were also significantly lower in the infected infants (3.2 vs. $6.8{\mu}g/L$). The other four parameters did not differ significantly among the IDA infants. No correlations were found between the six parameters and HP infection status in the other groups. Conclusion : There were no significant differences in the HP infection rates among the study groups. However, in the IDA group, the HP-infected infants had significantly lower serum ferritin and Hb levels than the HP-negative infants (P<0.05).