• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.151-162
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• 1999

This study is a comparative analysis of sea level and 500hPa surfaces between dry year and wet year, which are selected by variability of precipitation and standardized anomalies in Korea in early autumn. While the amount of precipitation of early autumn decreases, the variability of precipitation increases rapidly reflecting the strength and weakness of Kaul Changma front and the occurrences of the typhoonic precipitation. The regional distribution of the variability of precipitation shows west-high, east-low pattern in which the east coast and the southeastern coast shows low, but high in the southwestern coast. In the anomalies distribution of sea-level and 500hPa surfaces, during dry year, the northern part of Siberia and the core area of North Pacific high shows negative anomalies, on the contrary, there were positive anomalies in wet year at the same areas. In addition, at the 500hPa level, while the Korean peninsula was located at the west of deep trough with low zonal index in dry year, the peninsula was influenced by weak trough with high zonal index showing strong zonal flow in wet year. During dry year the height of 500hPa surface is low at the north of $40^{\circ}N$, but high in wet year. In consequences, this study identified that the occurrences of dry year and wet year were influenced by the seasonal variations of the strength and the weakness of North Pacific high and Siberian high.

• Journal of East-West Nursing Research
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.113-120
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• 2016

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to explore the levels of self-reflection, self-esteem, and empathy and identify influential factors on happiness index in nursing students. Methods: The data was collected using questionnaires from a convenience sample of 275 nursing students. The data was analyzed with descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson correlation coefficients, and multiple regression. Results: Mean scores of self-esteem, empathy and happiness index were 3.55, 2.89, 3.43, and 66.76, respectively. Self-understanding, self-esteem, and economic status had significant positive effects with a 42% of explained variance of the happiness index. Conclusion: The results suggest that self-understanding, self-esteem, and economic status should be considered as factors when developing intervention strategies to increase the level of the happiness index among nursing students.

• Journal of East-West Nursing Research
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.59-65
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• 2012

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of Kangaroo Care (KC) on physiological marker of preterm infant in neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). Methods: The research design was a nonequivalent control group pretest-posttest. Data were collected from July 1, 2007 to February 29, 2008. The participants were 26 people of experimental group and 27 people of control group. KC was applied three times per day, for a total ten times of 4 days to the experimental group. Results: There was significant difference between experimental and control groups on the skin temperature on of preterm infants. The skin temperature in the intervention group was significantly higher than in the control group. Conclusion: Kangaroo care can be applied as a supportive nursing intervention to preterm infant at neonatal intensive care unit.

• Journal of Korean Traditional Oncology
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.39-48
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• 2021

Objective: The purpose of this study is to report effects and potential of Integrative Cancer Treatment (ICT) on metastatic pancreatic cancer patient. Methods: A 79-year-old pancreatic cancer patient diagnosed with metastasis on liver visited the Daejeon Korean medicine hospital of Daejeon university East West Cancer Center (EWCC) on May 2021. The patient has been received chemotherapy (gemcitabine plus abraxane) and concurrently treated with ICT since May 2021. The clinical outcomes were measured by computed tomography, laboratory findings including tumor markers (CEA, CA19-9) and numeric rating scales (NRS). Laboratory analysis and National Cancer Institute Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (NCI-CTCAE), version 5.0 were used to evaluate the safety of ICT. Results: After treatment, constipation was relieved from NRS 5-6 to 2, both leg numbness was improved from NRS 9 to 2. Tumor size was generally decreased accompanying by reducing the levels of tumor markers. There were no severe adverse events induced by ICT based on NCI CTCAE version 5.0. Conclusion: This case study suggests that ICT in combination with chemotherapy may help in the treatment of patients with metastatic pancreatic cancer.

• Journal of Korean Traditional Oncology
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.1-9
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• 2019

Objective: The purpose of this study is to report the clinical effectiveness of advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with Samchilchoongcho-Jung (HAD-B1) in conjunction with Alectinib. Methods: The patient was diagnosed with Anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) mutated (2+) non-small cell lung cancer adenocarcinoma stage IV, suffering from edema of lower extremities, dyspnea, pleural effusion, general weakness, insomnia. The patient being treated with Alectinib was treated with Samchilchoongcho-Jung (HAD-B1) for disease control and symptom management. The clinical outcomes were measured by National Cancer Institute Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Event (NCI-CTCAE), Numeral rating scale (NRS) and Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG). Results: After treatment, dyspnea and edema of lower extremities was relieved from NRS 7 to 5, and 6 to 1 respectively. And ECOG score of the patient was improved from grade 3 to 2. During and after treatment, we didn't find any severe toxicities on laboratory findings. Conclusion: This case study suggests that Samchilchoongcho-Jung (HAD-B1) may improve symptom relief and life quality of NSCLC patient in conjunction with Alectinib.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.43-56
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• 1998

The purpose of this study is to identify distributional characteristics of climatic elements and to analyze synoptic characteristics on the pressure fields for spring droughts in Korea. In the distributions of minimum temperature during the spring droughts, positive anomalies and negative anomalies are mixed up, but in March the negative anomaly areas are widely distributed in Korea. It implies that the droughts of March have more frequent occurrences of the west-high, east-low pressure patterns. In the maximum air temperatures, the positive anomalies appear in Korea. It indicates that the spring droughts have rain days, cloud amount and humidities less than normal. As a result, the amount of evaporation is increased in Korea. In the pressure anomaly of surface pressure fields, the positive anomalies appear in the west, negative anomalies in the east in March, but in May the positive anomalies appeared zonally around the Korean peninsula. It indicates that March droughts have more frequent occurrences of the west-high. east-low patterns, but in May the Korean Peninsula has more frequent recurrences of the migratory anticyclone patterns. The height anomaly patterns of 500hPa pressure surface in spring droughts are similarly shown to those of surface fields. In March droughts, the positive height anomalies appear in the west, the negative height anomalies in the east, but in April the negative height anomaly areas are extended to the west part. In May the positive anomalies appear zonally around the Korean Peninsula, and strong positive height anomalies appear around the Kamchatka Peninsula and the sea of Okhotsk. These are the result of circulations that inhibit the eastward movement of westerlies and that has persistent anticyclone circulation patterns around the Korean Peninsula. As a result, the zonal indices of westerlies during March and April droughts are lower than normal, but higher in May. These data indicate that early spring droughts are associated with weak zonal flow, but the late spring droughts are obviously related with strong zonal flow. In addition, during early spring droughts the abnormally deep trough over the west coast of the North Pacific Ocean that accompanied the anticyclone was associated with frequent advection of air from the dry regions in the Central Asia into the Korean Peninsula. The atmospheric circulation patterns at the height of the 500hPa pressure surface in May was quite different from March and April circulation patterns. Instead of the abnormal ridge in the west and trough in the east, the circulation pattern in May was characterized by a much stronger than normal anticyclone over the Korean Peninsula. Also, the zonal indices of westerlies in May are higher than normal. The occurrences of drought in early spring, therefore, have mechanism different from those of late spring.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2009.05a
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• pp.1570-1574
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• 2009

2008년 여름 우리나라는 예년과 달리 홍수기에 북상하는 태풍이나 8월말에서 9월초까지 발생하던 장마전선의 영향을 받지 못했을 뿐만 아니라 홍수기 이후에도 중국에서 다가오는 동서고압대의 지속적인 영향으로 9월 중순 최고기온을 경신하면서, 강수가 없는 건조한 날씨가 계속되었다. 남부지방을 중심으로 8월말 이후 심화된 가뭄은 9월 중순에는 전국적으로 확산되었으며 도서지역의 부분적인 제한급수가 실시되거나 밭 작물 재배에 피해를 초래하기도 하였다. 본 연구에서는 위성영상 기반의 식생지수를 이용하여 2008년 가을가뭄의 시공간적 변화와 행정구역별, 권역별 가뭄 우심지역을 판별하였다. 또한, 가뭄정보를 제공하는 가뭄모니터링 시스템의 가뭄지수와 가뭄의 변화와 심도 등을 비교하였다. 위성영상자료는 MODIS NDVI를 이용하여 제작한 VCI와 SVI를 이용하였으며, 수자원공사의 '가뭄정보시스템'에서 제공하는 주 단위의 가뭄지수와 한국건설기술연구원 '통합수자원평가계획 시스템개발'에서 제공하는 월 단위의 가뭄지수를 활용하였다. 연구결과 행정구역상으로는 전라남 북도와 경상남도 지역이, 권역별로는 섬진 영산강 권역에서 극심한 가뭄이 발생한 것으로 판명되었으며 식생지수 기반의 가뭄발생지역 판별 결과와 기상학적 가뭄지수인 SPI와 PDSI의 가뭄분포가 유사하게 나타났다.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.93-102
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• 1996

The Korean Peninsula is located on the east coast of monsoon Asia of the midlatitude, where the Pacific polar front moves. As a result variations of spatial and temporal distribution of precipitation occur. A great variation of precipitation during the summer months created frequent droughts and floods. The purpose of this study is to identify distributional characteristics and to analyze synopic characteristics of summer droughts in Korea. The research methods used are ; (1) to identify droughts based on the anomaly of monthly precipitation during summer of 1994. (2) to analyze correlations between drought and weather systems by using the calender of rain days. (3) to compare a synoptic mechanism of summer droughts with that of typical normal summer. The characteristics of summer droughts of 1994 may be summarized as follows ; 1) While most regions were affected by the droughts some regions displayed specific characteristics. The southern part of the Korean Peninsula was severely affected during the month of June. August droughts severely affected east part of the Sobek Mountains, thus showing that the droughts of June and August are highly localized. 2) In the pressure anomaly of surface field. the positive anomaly appears in June around Korean Peninsula, but in July when all parts of the South Korea were under severe droughts, the anomaly changes and becomes negative. 3) Extracyclones occurred less frequently in the summer of 1994. Those that did occur were located in areas far off the Korean Peninsula having little consequences on the drought patterns. 4) The trough of westerly wave at 500hPa height patterns in June is located far from the eastern sea of Korean Peninsula, but in July and August Korean Peninsula belongs to ridge of westerly wave. 5) In June the positive height anomaly at 500hPa surface appears zonally from Siberia to the western Parts of North Pacific Ocean, and in July and August, the strong positive anomaly appears around Korean Peninsula. As a result the zonal index of westerlies at during each month of summer in Korean sector has a large value, which in turn implies that drought will prevails when zonal flow is strong.

• 한국데이터정보과학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2002.06a
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• pp.151-154
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• 2002

적도에서 중위도 북태평양 사이의 대기-해양의 변동을 알아보기 위해 NCEP/NCAR 재분석 자료로 경도풍과 SST(Sea Surface Temperature)를 비교하였다. 그 결과 경도풍과 SST가 반대의 경향을 보였다. 즉, 동서류가 강할 때는 해수의 혼합이 강해서 해수 표면의 온도가 낮아지고, 동서류가 약할 때는 해수의 혼합이 약해서 해수 표면의 온도가 높아진다. 또한 보편적인 비교를 위해 지역 풍속 지수 AWI(Area Wind Index)를 만들었다. 그래서 PNA(Pacific/North American), AOI(Artic Oscillation Index), 그리고 SST(Sea Surface Temperature)와 비교를 하였다.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.103-111
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• 1996

I followed the results of Lee and Min(1996) for classification of the months of cold and warm winter. The winter of 1992 and 1984 recorded extraordinary cold and warm. Study of the Synoptic Climatology on the January's cold and warm winter is below: (1) Climatology's characteristic. Temperature of extremely high temperature month is higher compared with extremely low temperature month. Also precipitation is more than over low temperature month compared with extremely high temperature month. (2) In circulation of 500hPa surface. (1) Extremely high temperature month At 500hPa, negative geopotential height anomalies in high latitude, three trough developed over eastern Canada. In midlatitude, a deep trough persisted in the central North Pacific and conspicuous positive height anomalies showed over northwestern Europe, Where a blocking anticyclone developed. It had been warmer than normal since last year in Korea due mainly to positive height anomalies stretched from central Siberia (2) Extremely low temperature month Appeared the strong meridional circulation and negative height anomalies showed from Far East to the Mid-Pacific and appeared ridge in the west of the North America and Atlantic. Alutien Low shows negative deviation during 1984. In northern hemisphere shows negative deviation. Therefore, we can show that the surface pressure distribution and height distribution of 500hPa level are closely connected with each other as parts of general circulation. (3) The characteristics of the general circulation pattern of the 500hPa (1) Extremely high temperature month is high than extremely low temperature month1984 in Zonal index (2) The majority type is S type in 500hPa level circulation of extremely high temperature month but extremely high temperature month is M type (3) The wave number in 500hPa all shows 3 wave. So can not distinguished by only predominant wave number pattern.