• Asian Journal of Turfgrass Science
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.61-76
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• 2009

The purpose of this study are to investigate the reasonable maintenance expense of golf course according to the size and management system of each golf course. The maintenance cost per hole per golfer of 29 golf courses and the maintenance cost for items and locations of 8 golf courses were analyzed. 1. As golfers per hole increased, maintenance cost per hole per golfer decreased. 2. The decisive cost factors for maintenance cost of golf course are the number of annual golfers, the total course size, the management system, and automation of course facilities. 3. Maintenance cost of golf courses contained the landscaping areas except for building and parking lots is $869^{\}/_{m^2}$ Korean won. 4. Average maintenance cost of 8 golf courses is $44,325,000^{\}/_{hole}$. 5. Labor cost marked the largest portion in the total cost. Among the items of labor cost, repair cost for green ball mark was the highest with the ratio of 26%(\4,163,000). 6. Material cost for Fairways which reaches 30% of the total area was composed of $22%{\sim}44%$ of the total cost of materials. Cost of imported fertilizers, pestcides for insects and diseases, and sands for top dressing was the highest. 7. Material cost for Green which reaches 2% of the total area was composed of $28%{\sim}36%$ of the total cost. Cost of imported products such as particle-shaped fertilizers, micro mineral fertilizers, and soil conditioners was the highest. 8. There is no difference in cost between chemical fertilizers and the environmentally friendly fertilizers even if environmentally friendly fertilizers using microorganism or chitosan materials are also expensive.

• The Korean Journal of Archival Studies
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• no.55
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• pp.39-71
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• 2018

The purpose of this study is to examine the reality of the records management of the National Assembly members and suggest a desirable alternative. Until the Public Records Management Act was enacted in 1999, the level of the records management in the National Assembly was not beyond that of the document management in both the administration and the legislature. Rather, the National Assembly has maintained a records management tradition that systematically manages the minutes and bills since the Constitutional Assembly. After the Act was legislated in 2000, the National Assembly Records Management Regulation was enacted and enforced, and the Archives was established in the form of a subsidiary organ of the Secretariat of the National Assembly, even though its establishment is not obligatory. In addition, for the first time, an archivist was assigned as a records and archives researcher in Korea, whose role is to respond quickly in accordance with the records schedule of the National Assembly, making its service faster than that of the administration. However, the power of the records management of the National Assembly Archives at the time of the Secretariat of the National Assembly was greatly reduced, so the revision of the regulations in accordance with the revised Act in 2007 was not completed until 2011. In the case of the National Assembly, the direct influence of the executive branch was insignificant. As the National Assembly had little direct influence on the administration, it had little positive influence on records management innovation under Roh Moo-Hyun Administration. Even within the National Assembly, the records management observed by its members is insignificant both in practice and in theory. As the National Assembly members are excluded from the Act, there is no legal basis to enforce a records management method upon them. In this study, we analyze the records management problem of the National Assembly members, which mainly concerns the National Assembly records management plan established in the National Archives. Moreover, this study proposes three kinds of records management methods for the National Assembly members, namely, the legislation and revision of regulations, the records management consulting of the National Assembly members, and the transfer of the dataset of administrative information systems and websites.

• Journal of Korea Game Society
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.27-40
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• 2017

This study explores the concept of Study Time Management Service(STMS) and the characteristics of gamification elements in STMS, in order to propose the meaning of psychic anti-entropy and the role of a meme as a new gamification element. The goal of gamification in education is to enhance study motivation and lead to flow by integrating similarities between game and study into the study environment. STMS also aims at such a goal. However, it differs in that the external anti-entropy environment, such as blocking apps, is connected with game mechanics or game thinking to give extrinsic motivation. It is also unique in that it uses a meme as a new gamification element to induce intrinsic motivation. In particular, a meme as a kind of guideline for performing study activities induces intrinsic motivation to imitate good study patterns and offers the driving force to sustain psychic anti-entropy state. Therefore, gamification in STMS is to strengthen the external anti-entropy environment by utilizing game mechanics or game thinking, and to maintain the psychic anti-entropy state by utilizing a meme of study patterns.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.56 no.4
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• pp.285-299
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• 2023

Estimating the evapotranspiration is very important factor for effective water resources management, and FAO Penman-Monteith (FAO P-M) model has been applied for reference evapotranspiration estimation by many researchers. However, because various input data are required for the application of FAO P-M model, understanding the effect of each input data on FAO P-M model is necessary. Therefore, in this study, for 56 study stations located in South Korea, the effects of 8 meteorological factors (maximum and minimum temperature, wind speed, relative humidity, solar radiation, vapor pressure deficit, net radiation, ground heat flux), energy and aerodynamic terms of FAO P-M model, and elevation on FAO P-M reference evapotranspiration (RET) estimation were analyzed. The relative sensitivity analysis was performed to determine how 10% increment of each specific independent variable affects a reference evapotranspiration under given set of condition that other independent variables are unchanged. Furthermore, to select the 5 representative stations and perform the monthly relative sensitivity analysis for those stations, 56 study stations were classified into 5 clusters using cluster analysis. The study results showed that net radiation was turned out to be the most sensitive factor in 8 meteorological factors for 56 study stations. The next most sensitive factor was relative humidity, solar radiation, maximum temperature, vapor pressure deficit and wind speed, followed by minimum temperature in order. Ground heat flux was the least sensitive factor. In case of ground surface condition, elevation showed very low positive relative sensitivity. Relativity sensitivities of energy and aerodynamic terms of FAO P-M model were 0.707 for energy term and 0.293 for aerodynamic term respectively, indicating that energy term was more contributable than aerodynamic term for reference evapotranspiration. The monthly relative sensitivities of meteorological factors showed the seasonal effects, and also the relative sensitivity of elevation showed different pattern each other among study stations. Therefore, for the application of FAO P-M model, the seasonal and regional sensitivity differences of each input variable should be considered.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Building Construction
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• v.5 no.1 s.15
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• pp.75-79
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• 2005

The Korean society faces a new issue of accepting foreign workers. Foreign labors in construction industry reached about 400,000 recently. Thus they have become one of the essential resources to fill up insufficient labor supplies in construction industry. And it is important how to manage foreign labors efficiently. However there are few studies focused on this subject. Purpose of this study is to research productivity of foreign labors in the domestic construction site. So investigate the value of foreign labors. Also this study forecast elements effect on foreign labors productivity in the construction industry. And research what element is more important to improve productivity and what element is more difficult to manage. In the result, this study is expected to prospect effective method of foreign labor's management in the domestic construction industry, so contribute to utilize foreign labors more efficiently.

• The Journal of the Korea institute of electronic communication sciences
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• v.12 no.5
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• pp.907-914
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• 2017

Recently, industrialization and automation for crops has enabled the development of smart farm technology over the world This is due to the need for the automation and convenience of the agricultural system to aging the population and reducing the labor force. In this system, the smart app can control the temperature and humidity that can be conveniently managed by the farmers. It is possible to check the status of the greenhouses in real time in the smartphone and maintain the optimum temperature and humidity, thereby helping to prevent pests and diseases, to grow crops, and to improve the labor force and productivity of farmers and fishermen.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Agricultural Machinery Conference
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• 2000.11a
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• pp.1-30
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• 2000

The higher stage of development of plant factory is discussed, that involves technologies such as process control for the plant growth environment, mechanization for material handling, system control for production and computer applications. Further, the advantages of a plant factory include production stabilization, higher production efficiency, and better quality management of products through a shortened growing period, better conditions, lower labor requirements, and easier application of industrial concepts. Finally, to realize the ultimate plant factory using both solar and artificial light, the intelligent approach from control engineering, physiological ecology and artificial intelligence(AI) may be inevitable and introduced based on some works done by authors.

• Proceedings of the KAIS Fall Conference
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• 2009.12a
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• pp.837-841
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• 2009

언제, 어디서나 컴퓨터 사용과 통신이 가능한 유비쿼터스 환경의 구축과 개발은 부존자원이 부족한우리나라의 산업 전략에 부합하며 현재 우리나라가 보유한 정보통신 관련기술의 우위를 바탕으로 성장할 가능성이 큰 분야로써 정부가 미래의 10대 성장 동력으로 선정한 분야의 한가지 이다. 배전시스템에서의 이 분야 기술 개발의 핵심내용은 유비쿼터스 기술을 활용한 고 신뢰도의 배전계통 운용 및 높은 수준의 전기품질 관리체제 구축 그리고 이를 통한 관련 산업 즉, 전력거래, 전력시장 유지 및 운영을 위한 핵심 세부 콘텐츠와 부가서비스의 창출을 위한 기반 인프라의 개발 및 구축에 있는데, 이 기반기술의 중심에 배전시스템이 있으므로 이를 고 신뢰, 고품질 기반의 시스템으로 지능화하는 것이 필요하다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 태양광, 풍력 등의 분산전원이 계통에 연계되는 장래의 스마트배전시스템에 대하여, 기존의 배전계통의 전압조정방안과 비교, 분석하여 기술적인 적합여부를 종합적으로 평가하고자 한다.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.103-108
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• 2012

Fuel economy is an important factor in a vehicle owing to recent energy supply and environmental problems. This paper deals with fuel cell hybrid vehicles (FCHVs) and introduces a fuel economy evaluation method. The fuel economy of an FCHV depends on its power management strategy. Two rule-based power management strategies are applied to this paper and their fuel economy is evaluated based on the optimal control theory. The concept of the optimal line is also applied to this paper, which is used to compare the fuel consumption of a power management strategy to the optimal result. The two rule-based strategies are also compared to each other.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2018.05a
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• pp.636-637
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• 2018

The electronic shelf label(ESL) system based on wireless communication can reduce waste of disposable paper, reduce labor force and update real time information. However, the environment in which a large number of ESL modules are installed is exposed to interference from radio frequency(RF) communications in the Industry-Science-Medical(ISM) band. In this paper, we propose an ESL system based on visible light communication to avoid congestion of ESL system using ISM band. In the proposed system, the goods information and ID transmitted from the administrator server are transmitted in the ESL Tag, and the ESL Tag identifies the ID and displays the product information. Experiments show that ESL system using visible light communication is possible.