• The Southeast Asian review
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.1-45
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• 2018

This research is concerned with the current state and uniqueness of Vietnam's Fair Trade through the case study of Fair Trade Organizations (hereafter FTOs) in Vietnam. Vietnam has emerged a successful developing country with rapid economic growth under the socialist regime, while the income gap between the rich and the poor is still growing. Especially the poverty is becoming a serious issue for ethnic minorities and smallholder farmers in the mountainous areas. Fair Trade in the early stage has been initiated, and still is led by the charities and international development agencies of the Global North. But Vietnam's Fair Trade has been introduced by local Vietnamese who have been motivated to solve their own problems voluntarily. This is different from other Fair Trade producing countries in the Global South. It's noticeable that Vietnam's FTOs are playing a significant role of adopting and applying Fair Trade practices. Concerning Fair Trade producing countries the researchers are mostly focusing on Africa and Latin America and the themes are mainly to do with the impact of Fair Trade producers. There are very few research outcomes on the analysis of producing countries' FTOs and their motives and developing processes. The research findings can contribute to understand not only Vietnam's challenges and issues, but also Fair Trade producing countries in general.

• Korea journal of population studies
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.183-203
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• 2005

Over the past four decades reproductive behavior has changed rapidly in much of the developing countries. The average total fertility rate has fallen by half from six or more to near three today. Between 1960 and 2000 the largest fertility decline occurred in Asia and Latin America. The mortality rate has decreased in most developing countries. The purpose of this study is to review the pattern of demographic transition in developing countries. At first, this study focuses on the regional fertility transition. In Africa, the total fertility rate has decreased from 6.59 to 4.85 between 1960 and 2000. However, the rate has rapidly fallen from 5.76 to 2.34 in East Asia. The same pattern is found in Latin America. The mortality rate has also decreased in most of developing countries. It is also interesting to find that there is a clear difference among developing countries. In terms of crude death rate, Latin American countries show the lowest rate, while African countries remain still high rate. The study also shows the relationship between socioeconomic indicators and fertility/mortality in developing countries. The result supports the hypothesized relationship between education and fertility. However, the effects of urbanization and income on fertility do not show consistent result. About mortality rate, however, the study shows the significant relationship between urbanization and infant mortality rate, between income and mortality. The study finally emphasizes that we should include 'AIDS' in the study of mortality in African countries.

• The Southeast Asian review
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.1-40
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• 2017

This study aims to examine the electricity/energy regime of Thailand, the largest energy-hungry country in the Mekong region. This study examined how the electricity/energy regime of Thailand has been shaped and changed up to the present, not only at the national level but also at the sub-regional level covering the Mekong region. Meanwhile, according to the Paris Agreement in 2015, which will get in to effect from 2020, developing countries as well as developed countries have been given voluntary responsibilities and reduction obligations in response to global climate change. Under the post 2020 Climate Change Regime, Thailand also needs to revise its existing electricity/energy policy. We reviewed the recent energy policy of Thailand and evaluated the possibility of transition to a sustainable energy system based on Energy Trilemma's analysis framework. And we examined the roles and impacts of the Thai civil society on the national power and energy planning as well as in the future climate change policy. As a result of the analysis, it can be seen that Thailand's electricity/energy regime has grown rapidly through the support of the West countries under the Cold War era. In particular, Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand(EGAT) played the key role in Thailand's energy policy. In addition, Thailand's geopolitical location and relatively high economic level compared to neighboring countries will continue to be of importance in the future construction of power grids in the region. Meanwhile, in the frame of Energy Trilemma, Thailand has still been vulnerable to environmental sustainability. Thai NGOs have resisted to as well as collaborated with the government to influence the existing electricity/energy policy in the various dimensions but their influence has weakened considerably since the coup in 2014. In conclusion, this study suggests to cooperate with government as well as civil society for sustainable energy transformation of Thailand and Mekong region.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.11 no.1 s.39
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• pp.223-235
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• 2006

Textile industry of Korea has been assumed advanced textile industry nation's aspects with production system and equipment. But has been descended in the sector of design, brand, recognition comparing with Italy, Japan, England. And products of middle and low price do not have competitiveness against China, South East Asia. The world's textile industry nation has been confronted with Free Trade, and Regional Trade Blocks. New market has been opened with free Trade, but Trade Blocks(NAFTA, EU, APEC etc.) which encourage regional member country's profit maximize made textile export driven nation to consider strategies to cope with. Advanced textile industry nation divided the work among themselves and composed linking system among them which highly valuable products are manufactured at advanced nation and low price products are manufactured by global outsourcing. The purpose of this study is to analyze impact of process which requires to secure international competitiveness into business performance experimentally.

• Management & Information Systems Review
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• v.33 no.5
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• pp.185-212
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• 2014

This study investigated the base of marine leisure facilities and studied the future vision for development of marine industry by conducting a systematic analysis on the category of marine leisure products for development of design and specialization of southeast area of Korea. If the age of $20,000 of per capita national income is called 'the age of my car', $20,000 of per capita national income is called 'the age of my boat'. According to the report of UK-based Marine South East, the scale of world's small boat and personal waterborne equipment reached 277 trillion won in 2010 and domestic market scale is expected to be 11 trillion won. Marine leisure facilities are the new growth engine industry that the government should promote as a nation's strategic and core industry, and the government is pushing ahead with promotion of marine industry actively by announcing Marine Leisure Equipment Industry Activation Plan(June 2009, Ministry of Knowledge Economy), Marine Leisure Activation Plan(July 2010, Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport), The 1st General Plan for Marina Port(January 2010, Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport) etc. The purpose of marine design lies in seeking the status of the country and qualitative value in human life through functional, artistic, industrial and cultural development of design elements for all marine activities made around the sea. Related to all activities made in the ocean and cost, marine design is a sphere of design that includes special conditions centering around water. Considering the condition that 3 sides of land are facing the sea, this study systematically analyzed present condition of equipment possessed by each area, type of facilities, operational status, current status of sectoral use of marine leisure facilities and future prospect of marine leisure products that become the basis of value to raise the statue as an advanced marine power in 2010s through development of the qualitative level of the people, establishment of the direction of national strategy, convergence of industry and culture and specialization of area focusing on the actual condition survey of marine leisure facilities. Especially, this study will be predicting the basis of strategy for strengthening marketability and competitiveness by suggesting role and process of design in developing a promising marine leisure product through an actual condition survey of marine leisure products of southeast area.

• Journal of the Mineralogical Society of Korea
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.93-101
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• 1992

Several "Napseok" mines are distribute in the Miryang area where the volcanic rocks are hydrothermally altered. The "Napseok" are pyrophyllite and dickite, with a small amount of silicates such as quartz, illite, tosudite and dumortierite. Other associated minerals are oxides, hydroxides, sulfides, sulfates and phosphates. Pyrophyllite which occurs as 2M polytype exhibits that the basal spacing increases due to dehydroxylation at 750${\circ}C$. Halloysite shows tubular forms. Wavellite is precipitated in fissures during the latest stage of the hydrothermal alteration process. Five mineral zones, that is pyrophyllite-deckite, illite, halloysite, silica, and albite-chlorite zones, are recognized with decreasing alteration degree. Clay minerals were formed by leaching of Si and alkali ions fron the country rocks, considering mineral assemblages, pyrophyllite polytype and thermodynamical data reported in the literature, temperatures of formation of main clay deposits are assumed to be 270 to 350${\circ}C$.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2023.05a
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• pp.270-270
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• 2023

습지 생태계는 복잡한 물리적 생지화학적 프로세스의 상호작용이 있으나, 습지 생태계의 건강성 회복을 위한 첫 번째 단계는 습지 생태계에서의 물순환에 대한 정확한 이해일 것이다. 또한 지역적인 물 균형 및 생태계 보전에서 습지를 활용하기 위해서도 습지 물순환에 대한 정량적인 이해는 필수적이다. 그러나, 습지 물순환의 이해를 위해 필수적인 관측 자료들은 현장 측정으로 획득하기 어려운 자료이거나 비용적인 문제로 인하여 관측이 어려운 실정이다. 이에 본 연구에서는 Sentinel-2 위성 자료를 활용하여 습지의 유입량을 추정하기 위한 절차를 제시하고자 한다. 이를 위해 한반도 동남부의 낙동강에 위치한 주요 다목적댐의 자료를 활용한 분류 기반의 인공지능 모델이 설계된다. 인공지능의 학습을 위한 입력자료는 아래와 같은 절차에 의해 만들어진다. 1) 다목적댐의 수위-물 체적 관계를 이용하여 수위-수표면적 관계 곡선 도출. 2) 수위-수표면적 관계 곡선과 DEM을 활용하여 물과 육지 영역을 구분하는 식별자를 도출. 3) Sentinel-2 위성 정보와 물-육지 식별자를 비교하는 랜덤 포레스트 모델을 설계. 4) 위성 정보의 물-육지 정보로부터 미계측 습지 지역의 물과 육지를 식별할 수 있는 식별자 도출. 이러한 과정을 경유하여 추정된 습지의 수표면적과 습지 지역의 DEM을 결합함으로써 습지의 수위-수표면적-물 체적 관계 곡선이 산정되어, 최종적으로 습지의 유입량이 모의된다. 모의된 습지 유입량은 다양한 수문 모델의 매개변수를 추정하는데 활용될 수 있을 것이며, 검증된 수문 모델을 활용하여 습지의 물순환의 이해도를 증진시킬 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

• Journal of the Economic Geographical Society of Korea
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.286-306
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• 2011

Based on the announcement by the National Competitiveness Council in 2008, this study analyzed the direction of the changing policy in Seoul Metropolitan Area promoted by the current government and to inquire into such the effect, research was done to study the changes in space demand by companies which respond sensitively to changes in regulation in Seoul Metropolitan Area. In addition, the effect of Seoul Metropolitan Area policy on company location is explored while company location changes and changes in direction of space demand due to easing of regulation in Seoul Metropolitan Area by the current government are examined. Research methods utilized empirical analysis and survey analysis. Empirical analysis utilized statistical data since 1980's. For survey analysis, the effect of changing policy in Seoul Metropolitan Area, which is an exogenous shock, on decision making of the enterprise is considered to derive the direction of demand for company manufacturing lots. The results of the study showed that decision for company location or factory size has been affected greatly by Seoul Metropolitan Area policy and domain regulation and institution to restrict permission area of a manufacturing building from the law of improvement plan of the Metropolitan area were the biggest regulatory policies. Due to easing of regulation in Seoul Metropolitan Area by the current government, the demand for manufacturing lot is expected to increase. In particular, the demand for manufacturing lot is expected to increase centered around Seoul Metropolitan Area and Chungcheong province while demand is expected to decrease in Gangwon province. The reason is because company preference is high for the Seoul Metropolitan Area which has the best transportation/logistics and market conditions in Korea. But in the case of Southeast region and Daegyung region that form exclusive economic zones, changing policy in Seoul Metropolitan Area has little impact. In the case of Seoul Metropolitan Area, demand increase does not occur in the entire area but instead, demand is expected to increase in growth management zones.

• Weed & Turfgrass Science
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.117-123
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• 2017

Invasive alien species (IAS) can affect agricultural ecosystem negatively and critically. The geographical distributions of nine IAS plants in Korean orchards and uplands were investigated. Ambrosia artemisiifolia distributed widely in Korean peninsula and Ambrosia trifida distributed intensively in Gyeonggi-do. Aster pilosus distributed in Gyeonggi-Gangwon region and Lactuca scariola distributed linear region from the north-western to south-eastern part of Korea. Hypochaeris radicata distributed mainly in Jeju-do and Solanum carolinense distributed in eastern Gyeonggi-do. Rumex acetosella and Sicyos angulatus sporadically occurred in Korean croplands and Eupatorium rugosum was found in one region only. The distribution of IAS plants in croplands was very similar to that in non-croplands suggesting that ecological position of arable lands is not different from that of non-arable lands. Therefore, IAS plants in the croplands should be managed for not only prevention of yield reduction, but also protection or maintenance of original ecosystem. Development of management methods apposite to current Korean status are required to control IAS plants in croplands.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.12-24
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• 2017

This paper analyzed the representation of migrants in television with the example of KBS's My Neighbor, Charles. This primetime TV show with consistent popularity has showcased different types of migrants from other Korean television shows in terms of gender and race, and, partly the difference brought popularity to it. This study finds the major reason of the difference from changed migration patterns in Korea. Until recently, the main population of immigrants in Korea was composed of female brides and workers, but it became diversified to include male and the West migrants. This triggered the changes in media representation, but not thoroughly. Though the faces of migrant protagonists have been diversified, the remaining ideology of nation-centric that has been the main frame to regard migrants as someone to be integrated through traditional values persists. This study finds a few conflicts between the traditional and the change. For example, represented realities of migrants are extends to include their activities in public domain, disputes of multicultural society such as social differentiation and bias, and the criticism of Korean traditional culture. In a gender perspective, while all the marriages represented showed different kinds of vulnerability, discourses of traditional familialism were also clearly presented through different tools of representation. This study aims at contributing existing studies of media representations of migrants with a more complicated pictures in the context of social changes and migration population changes.