• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.17 no.5
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• pp.536-553
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• 2011

New urbanization different from the manufacturing based urban growth has been widely discussed in post-modern city, consumption city and others to reflect the urban changes in qualitative manner. Urbanization stage models consider large cities to be in mature stage, reurbanization and the stages are assumed to be experienced successively in lower sized cities. However, since the industrial restructuring implies new urbanization experiences, this study examines new urbanization in diverse aspects such as the population change and the geographic and social characteristics of commuters and migrants for the 6 large cities in Korea. Seoul follows the urbanization stages in order while other 5 large cities are divergent in their transition from the industrial city. Regional large cities reveal broad reverse commuting and selective in-migration of economically active households for better work and housing opportunities available in central cities. Similar to the consumption city thesis with enhanced cultural and recreational amenities in western cities, the widening urban residential function including housing and other services is a new urbanization characteristic of large cities in Korea.

• Proceedings of the KGS Conference
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• 2003.05a
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• pp.98-101
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• 2003

도시수문학자인 Jens과 McPherson(1964)은 도시화 과정에서 나타난 수문현상의 변화를 다음과 같이 기술하였다. 먼저, 도시화 초기단계에서는 산발적으로 소규모의 택지가 조성되기 시작하고, 그 영향으로 지표를 덮고 있는 식생들이 제거되어, 증발산량이 감소하고, 지표유출이 증가하기 시작한다. (중략)

• Water for future
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.207-216
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• 1996

The subject research attempts to evaluate the variations of total runoff volume, peak flow, and travel time depending on the urbanhization, return periods and rainfall patterns under the situations that the preparation of a large residential site at the lowland areas of the downstream of Dongsu stream in Bupyung-Gu, Incheon city is progressed and the area will be eventually fully developed. The ILLUDAS model was used for the runoff analyses based on 3 differend steps of urbanization and 4 different types of Huff's quantile according to rainfall patterns is Huff's 4 quantile, Huff's 2 quantile, Huff's 3 quantile and Huff's 1 quantile. Under the 80 and 90 % of urbanization to the 70% of urbanization, the mean increasing ratio of total runoff volume for each case is 3.5 and 5.5 %, that of peak flow is 4.2 and 8.8%, and the mean decreasing ratio of travel time is 4.4 and 10.1%, respectively. The mean increasing ratio of total runoff volume according to the return periods is 3.0 and 5.4%, that of peak flow is 3.9 and 8.0% under the same conditions of urbanization.

• Journal of the Economic Geographical Society of Korea
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.310-323
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• 2023

Urbanization and income distribution issues are global interest, and the results of studies on the impact of urbanization on income inequality are different for each country and period. This study analyzes the impact of urbanization on income inequality using regional data from 2000-2021. In particular, serial correlation, spatial dependence, and common factor effects of the Gini coefficient are confirmed and analyzed through a dynamic spatial panel regression model. As a result, urbanization has a positive effect on reducing income inequality. Therefore, it is necessary to continuously promote regional urbanization to improve the income distribution problem. Areas with already high urbanization rates should reduce income inequality by narrowing the wage gap by expanding training opportunities for low-skilled workers, and need to come up with measures to prevent counter-urbanization.

• Journal of Wetlands Research
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.161-169
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• 2009

Rainfall-runoff procedures of urban area are more complicated than agricultural procedures. Extension and development of town leads to shift of the basin characteristics and it makes more difficult to use runoff models. In this study, the changes of hydrologic circumstances and the shape of hydrograph due to the urbanization in Cho-kyung river basin has been assessed which is the representative urban stream in Jeonju city. The urbanization can be classified as four typical year. The natural basin period(1924) that is before the urban development, the period of construction of Chonbuk National University campus (1963), the period of construction of residential area(1986), and urbanization process has been finally completed in 1995. The rainfall-runoff analysis has been carried out by Storm Water Management Model(SWMM) under condition of the basin characteristics and impervious area of each period. It was found that hydrologic characteristics such as river length, roughness coefficient, and coefficient of surface storage has been decreased. According to the land use change, the pervious area was decreased from 97.7% to 42%, while the impervious area was increased from 0.6% to 34%. The time of concentration was shorten from 90 minutes to 37 minutes. Along with decreasing the time of concentration, the peak discharge was increased from $4.37m^3/s$ to $111.13m^3/s$, and the runoff rate was also increased from 0.8% to 68%.

• International Area Studies Review
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.45-80
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• 2016

This paper examined, using three indicators, urban area rate, urbanization rate and urban population density upon the status of urbanization since the 2000s in Southeast Asia. This study also carried out an empirical analysis on the effects of urbanization on economic growth using the Williamson's inverted U-shape hypothesis. In addition, this study calculated the thresholds by which urbanization starts to have positive effects on economic growth by using estimated coefficients, and comparatively analyzed each Southeast Asian country's status. The empirical analysis results opposite to the Williamson's hypothesis. This means that the hypothesis asserting that urbanization has positive effects on economic growth in a country with low economic development phase and income level, but that urbanization can have negative effects on economic growth, if a country's income level is beyond a certain level(threshold), is not supported in this study. In summary, the economies of agglomeration represented as localization economy and urbanization economy is realized to some degree in terms of urbanization in Southeast Asia. Also, urbanization in Southeast Asia has positive effects on economic growth through knowledge spillover, the active exchange of ideas and productivity improvement. In examining the meaning of Southeast Asia's urbanization, policy consideration needs to be conducted, and efforts should be made to maximize the positive effects of the economies of agglomeration and knowledge spillover on economic growth.

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.229-244
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• 1997

This study investigates the spatial policy of small towns in China. Small towns in China are important in terms of settlement system, rural urbanization and new adaptation to changing situation. It was necessary that they shoud take charge of the tool for solving the problem in rural reform periods. Rural urbanization, which had aimed at transferring the surplus labor smoothlv, was connected with the growth of rural industrialization (a township enterprise). However, the location of township enterprises was so dispersed that the transfer of surplus labors was not satisfactory. Hence, the concentration of the rural industry in small towns has been taken up as an inevitable alternative. Namely, it can be said that changes and adaptation of reform process, such as industrial restructuring and migration, should be integrated and concentrated in small towns.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2016.05a
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• pp.168-168
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• 2016

도시화는 수문학적으로 산림이나 농경지와 같은 투수지역을 건물, 도로 등의 불투수 지역으로 변화시키는 것이며, 이로 인하여 홍수파의 도달시간이 줄어들고 첨두유량이 증가하는 등의 수문변화를 수반하게 된다. 도로나 건물 등이 대부분을 차지하고 있는 도시지역에서는 지표면이나 식생으로부터 대기 중으로 방출되는 증발산량이 농촌이나 산림지역보다 상대적으로 적으며, 강우시 토양중의 침투량과 지표면의 저류량도 도시지역에서는 매우 적게 나타난다. 도시화 전 후의 물순환특성을 평가하기 위해서는 도시 개발 전 후의 장단기 수문 관측 결과를 기초로 물순환계를 구성하는 인자간의 관계를 정량적으로 분석하고 물순환계 구성요소의 일부 변화가 다른 부분에 미치는 영향을 평가할 필요가 있다. 즉, 도시화가 물순환 구조 변동에 미치는 영향을 정량적으로 평가함으로써 유역 전체의 건전한 물순환 체계를 유지할 수 있는 대책 수립이 가능하다. 본 연구에서는 판교신도시 개발에 따른 유역에서의 홍수 및 유출특성 변화의 정량적 규명을 목적으로 두고 집중형 모형인 HEC-HMS모형과 물리적 기반의 준분포형 모형인 CAT을 이용하여 판교신도시 개발전의 정량적 물순환 특성을 평가하였다. 대상유역은 지방 2급 하천 탄천의 지류인 운중천, 금토천이 포함된 판교유역이며, 유역면적은 약 $25km^2$이다. 이 중 유역면적의 38 %에 해당하는 지역이 개발되었으며 개발된 지역은 하류부근에 위치한다. 강우자료는 지상 강우관측소인 수원 관측소의 지점강우 자료를 이용하였다. 도시 개발 전 단계에 해당하는 2006년, 2007년 호우사상 중 누적강우량 50 mm 이상인 호우사상을 추출하여 모의를 수행하였다. 유출 특성 분석을 위해 12개의 소유역과 5개의 하도로 구성하였으며 HEC-HMS의 손실량 산정방법으로는 SCS Curve Number법을 사용하였고, 단위도는 Clark 단위 도법을 적용하였다. CAT모형에서 침투는 Rainfall Excess방법, 하도추적은 Muskingum 방법을 적용하였다. 관측치와 모의치의 적합도 검증을 위해 RMSE (Root Mean Square Error), NSE (Nash Sutcliffe Efficiency), $R^2$값을 산정하여 비교 분석하였다.

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.5
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• pp.31-40
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• 1970

도시지리학은 도시사회학으로, 또한 공간경제학의 측면에서 계통화되어가고 있음에도 불구하고, 우리나라에서는 2, 3의 지리학자에 의하여 도시분류를 시도하는 단계에 있고, 일부 사회학자에 의하여 토지이용, 지역배치 등이 개척되었으나 도시구조에의 approach는 미흡한 면이 많다. 근래 지역개발이 고창되고 도시화에 따르는 제문제를 해결하려는 노력의 일환으로 여러 분야에서 많은 실적이 발표되어가고 있다. 본고은 이와 같은 시점에서 도시문제해결의 제1수단이 되는 도시역, 도심, 폭도심의 형성, 구심과 난심등에 걸쳐 서울의 예를 들어 조사분석을 시도하였다.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.85-101
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• 2013

The primary goal of this research is to link two currently disconnected literature; the history of urban redevelopment and the one of urban parks and open spaces in the United States (US). Through this exercise, this study attempts to reveal examples of urban parks and open spaces that have yielded economic effects, and emphasize their possibility as a measure of urban redevelopment. Five phases are presented, starting with two Pre-World War II urbanization periods, and three subsequent periods of Post-World War II urban redevelopment (1940s~1960s, late 1960s~1970s, 1980s~present). While urban parks in the 19th century urbanization period held a preeminent place in urban design, policy and economy, ensuing depression and World War II diminished their role as a channel to ease unemployment. In the first phase of urban redevelopment, the economic motive to build open space was to boost the appeal of specific locales in order to draw people and businesses back to a neglected city. In the second phase, public effort to create and maintain urban parks and open spaces declined due to the budget austerity, instead, community open spaces flourished through the voluntary actions and helped neighborhoods to regain desirability. In the third phase, the aspirations and functions of such projects resemble their forerunners of the first phase, but their targets extended to global businesses and elites.