• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.110 no.1
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• pp.22-34
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• 2021

The implementation of the sunset provision of unexecuted urban parks in Seoul has been postponed; however, the mentioned parks still remain vulnerable since they can be subject to development under certain circumstances. Local governments may purchase the parks to prevent their loss but are constrained due to limited resources. The purpose of this study is to prioritize the purchase of unexecuted urban parks in Seoul based on landscape connectivity, which represents the important role of allowing the movement of wildlife and providing biodiversity in urban environments. In this study, we used four potential scenarios (PB100, PB1, PA100, PA1), which reflects the degree of land cover change resulting from the implementation of the sunset provision, and the role of Han River as a conduit or barrier for wildlife movement. Landscape connectivity was evaluated by calculating current flow betweenness centrality (CFBC). This was used to rank the importance of the unexecuted urban parks in Seoul. The results demonstrated that the implementation of the sunset provision will greatly decrease the connectivity of all parks in Seoul and particularly more so for parks in the southern part of the city. In addition, the results suggested that the low connectivity of Han river will diminish the connectivity around Bukhansan Mountain in the northern part of Seoul. Our study can be used for the prioritization of purchase, since it has the ability to evaluate the anticipated vulnerability of each park's connectivity after the sunset provision.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.42-52
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• 2008

This paper categorized the functions of and investigated the characteristics of planting in Pyeonghwa Park near the Seoul World Cup Stadium as a preliminary study for improving tree planting in the park. The functions of planting were deduced based on related theoretical studies and an analysis of the intention of design and environmental factors. The characteristics of planting were analyzed after drawing the distribution and stratification of dominant planting species and setting samples by function. The functions of planting were classified into natural landscape planting, buffer planting, and shade planting. For dominant planting species, pine trees and elm-like trees have been widely observed while various species in addition to pine trees in natural landscape planting areas have been introduced in terms of the function of planting. These trees that were randomly planted before the park was developed have been obstacles in the formation of natural landscapes. For buffer planting and topographical correction, tall trees were planted. However, it seems that comprehensive complementary measures should be taken on the under-story planting.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.43 no.1
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• pp.120-131
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• 2015

This research aimed at understanding recognition of the park's community garden, public evaluation of it, and user awareness of the public enhancement plan. This was based on the problem that arose in the park community garden as public awareness research along with community garden cultivation participation within the urban park. In order to compare recognition differences along with community garden cultivation participation, the researcher conducted an analysis by dividing research participants into a cultivation participant group and non-participant group. As a result first, the cultivation participant group positively recognized the necessity of the community garden compared to the non-participant group. However, they recognized the community garden as a space for private profit, which threatened the public aspect of the park. Second, as a result of evaluating community garden publicness, the non-participant group which was alienated from community garden use, had a negative opinion about the community garden. Third, as a result of researching awareness of the community garden distribution method and consumption to promote publicness of the community garden, the cultivation participant group recognized the community garden as a space for private profit. Therefore, it is necessary for both groups to be aware of the public value of the community garden among the park users for sustainable management and operation. The significance of this research is the direction in the aspect of users to form, manage and operate the community garden in the urban park without damaging publicness of the park or conflicting between the function of the park and the function of the community garden. Henceforth, the researcher expects that this research can be utilized to maintain publicness of the park in respect of formation of the community garden in the park and management and operation.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.68-80
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• 2005

Parks became a matter of concerned among urban planning facilities that have not been executed for a long time because of the judgement of constitutional disagreement. This study deals with actual condition of constructing neighborhood park at the level of urban planning. In order to enhance the coefficient of citizens' utilization of parks. This study analyzes current situation of neighborhood parks and developing condition in Busan, revealing problems by investigating types of facilities under construction as well as by comparing size and progress of the parks under construction. This study tries different kind of access to the problems with the emphasis on estimation of planning and establishing neighborhood parks on the basis of the coefficient of citizens' utilization. Through the various examinations, this study brings into relief the problems being created in the course of establishment of parks which functions only as green tracts of land at present. As a result, the following conclusions could be made. First, from the viewpoint of location the parks, Busan parks are mostly located in the mountain areas adjacent to urban districts. Secondly, establishment of neighborhood parks is usually for development projects and the facilities introduced in them are monotonous. Thirdly, there is a tendency towards expansion of size and standardization of facility. Forthly, establishment plan of parks lacks profitability. Lastly, there is serious limitation in the size of land for developing neighborhood parks, and what is worse, there is no management of them.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.47 no.2
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• pp.117-132
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• 2019

The study examines the significance and limits of modern park planning by analyzing major planning documents of Gyeongseong in the Japanese colonial era. Among seven selected documents from 1925 to 1940, which show the contents related with park planning, documents of 1930 and 1940 presented the official park plan of Gyeongseong. By the 1920s, the park plan was not a major concern in urban planning of Gyeongseong; however, as the planning law as enacted in 1934, the park plan legally became a part of the official master planning process in the 1930s. In 1940, the most comprehensive park plan for Gyeongseong was published. In the beginning of modern urban planning, a park was mainly perceived as a sanitation utility. From the 1920s to the 1930s, the park planning system was significantly improved including systemic classification of parks, guideline development considering spatial planning, and introduction of a concept of infra-structural green space. Despite of the improvement in the park planning, the actual quantity of the overall green spaces barely changed and there was a huge discrepancy between the planning ideal and the reality. The Gyeongseong stadium was the only facility newly built in the 1920s, and only two parks were constructed in the 1930s. The plan to build 38 new parks in the 1930, and 140 in the 1940 was barely realized. However, there were efforts to improve parks and green spaces of Gyeongseong: Such as appropriating natural forest as parks, designating royal palaces as parks, and focusing on constructing smaller scale children's parks. Even though the ideal plan could not be fully implemented due to the war time situation and tight budget, the park system of Gyeongseong provided the framework of park planning of Seoul after the independence.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture Conference
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• 2023.04a
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• pp.41-42
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• 2023

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.1-14
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• 2008

Although the Dreamland site was the only flat amusement park in the northern part of Seoul, the site lost its function as a regional park due to aging and, therefore, was no longer in use. The site is surrounded by currently existing high dense low-story housing blocks and proposed new towns. A renovation plan for Dreamland was raised by the City of Seoul to enhance the quality of the urban environment in the northern part of Seoul. This study articulates the design concepts and strategies of the prizewinning work of the International Design Competition for Gangbuk Large Park. The three key points can be summarized as follows: First, this design proposal tried to find a new possibility for a large mountain park in an urban areas. These days, mountain parks are used limitedly as ordinary living spaces for activities such as a walking, hiking, and physical training. New strategies were sought to reconstruct the sentiment with which our ancestors enjoyed the mountains. Second, this proposal tried to make Dreamland a socially self-sufficient park. We designed a park which generates self-energy and which communicates with the city, not a park which only exists as a green island in a city. Lastly, rain fed paddy fields, a typical Korean vernacular landscape, was a tangible space which represented people's life-styles harmonizing with the nature. Rain fed paddy fields is a design motif which puts the three surrounding mountains together with the site. It is expected that the new design will works as a noted place.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.666-680
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• 2016

Four parks were selected to study the current situation after large scale suburban housing development in the 1990s. Since housing development road network have expanded with other facilities. First of all, green space area available per housing unit is 7.11- 22.0 sq. m. These parks neither extend as green corridor with surrounding hillside mountains (the river or lakes) nor act as the wind path from the mountains. Some housing units have reconstructed and the others will be redeveloped in near future which would more challenges for the residents in terms of quality of their life.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.48 no.6
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• pp.1-15
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• 2020

The purpose of this study is to propose a direction for designing and managing a smart park for realizing a smart green city and to present measures in the landscape field to foster related industries. The research process is as follows. First, the concept of a smart park was operationally defined through a literature review, and three principles to be considered in the process of creation and management were established. Second, in terms of the three principles, problems and implications for improvement were derived through an analysis of established cases of smart parks in new and pre-existing cities. Third, a pool of designs and management standards for each spatial component of a smart park was prepared through literature and case studies, and then further refined through brainstorming with experts in related fields. Fourth, measures were suggested to the government, local governments, and the landscape field to promote smart park creation and management. The main findings are as follows. First, the concept of a smart park is defined as "a park that contributes to securing the social, economic, and environmental sustainability of cities and local communities by supporting citizens' safe and pleasant use of parks and improving the management and operational efficiency by utilizing the digital, environment, and material technologies." Second, the three principles of smart parks are to improve the intrinsic value of parks, to improve the innovative functions of parks to solve urban problems, and to make the design, construction, and management process smart. Third, improvement implications were derived through the analysis of cases of smart parks creation in new and pre-existing cities. Fourth, the directions for smart park design and management were suggested in five aspects: green area, hydroponic facility area, road and plaza area, landscape facilities area, and park design method. Fifth, as for policy implications for revitalizing the construction and management of smart parks, the development of smart park policy business models by city growth stage, and park type, the promotion of pilot projects, the promotion of smart park projects in connection with the Korean New Deal policy, and smart park policies led by landscape experts were presented.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.54-63
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• 2010

The recently-introduced Special Use Permit system is an exceptional approval system for private park developers to develop unexecuted urban park sites into urban parks with the implementation of profit-generating businesses within the boundary of preserving the original function of the park under an agreement with local authorities. This thesis studies the application of this system. This is a feasibility study of cases that have contributed to the acceptance of intended park sites by developing some parts of park sites as public housing, focused on unexecuted urban park areas for the long term in Suwon City based on the Special Use Permit, and creating other sites as park area. First, it has been judged that realization of business is possible at 300 percents of the floor area ratio in case of flatland neighborhood park which has high appraised land values. It is judged that realization of business is possible within a 10 percents size of private land at 200 percents of the floor area ratio in case of woodland and waterside neighborhood parks that have low appraised land values on the outskirts of the city. Second, through working expenses combining compensation and money for park construction, a balance of business profit can be understood within about 50 percents of total expenditures. Because the public contribution ratio by the Special Use Permit can be presumed as about 50 percents of total expenditures, it implies that windfall profits by the Special Use Permit can be adequately collected.