• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.31 no.6
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• pp.409-422
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• 2022

Riverine wetlands are an important element of the river ecosystem and account for approximately 38% of the inland wetlands surveyed so far. The Shincheon Wetland located in Mangyeong River is also a channel wetland as the flow rate is slowed by the constructed weirs, leading to sediment accumulation. To identify the conservation value and ecological characteristics of Shincheon Wetland, its vegetation and plant diversity were identified using a phytosociological method, and a total of 45 vegetation-related datasets were collected. Overall, 24 plant communities, comprising a total of 153 taxa (49 families, 117 genera, 146 species, 2 subspecies, 5 varieties) were identified. The plant with the highest appearance rate in the communities was Humulus japonicus Siebold & Zucc. In addition, annual herb species, including Rumex crispus L., Bromusjaponicus Thunb., Erigeron annuus (L.) Pers., and Artemisia indica Willd. were frequently observed to be growing in the secondary grassland. Naturalized plants were surveyed in the 38 taxa; the urbanization index was 10.3% and the naturalized index was 24.8%. Plant communities were largely classified into submerged vegetation, floating and floating-leaved vegetation, annual and biennial vegetation, perennial herb vegetation, and woody vegetation. The distribution of plant communities reflecting various habitats, including the lentic and lotic zone maintaining a constant water depth, littoral zone experiencing intermittent water level fluctuations, and dry floodplain environment was also confirmed. Overall, plant community development plays an important role in the habitat for wild animals; therefore, it is expected to positively impact biodiversity enhancement.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.33-38
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• 2012

Growth response of 'Sambokkul' watermelon grafted onto different rootstocks including 4 $Citrullus$ rootstocks and 3 other cucurbitaceous rootstocks was evaluated at two different temperature regimes. Significant reduction in plant growth rate was observed in plants grown at low temperatures (LT) as compared to those grown at normal or optimal temperatures. Relative growth reduction were 40~47% for vine length, 39~51% for total leaf area, 38~59% for shoot fresh weight, and 57~87% for plant dry weight, respectively. Watermelon rootstock PI 482322 showed comparable plant growth as the most popular rootstock 'Shintozwa' even at LT. 'Sambokkul' watermelon grafted onto watermelon hybrids, 'PI 271969 ${\times}$ PI 296341' and 'PI 271769 ${\times}$ Calhoun Gray', showed comparable plant growth as 'FR Dantos' bottle gourd rootstock. Index of growth ability at LT, which was calculated on the basis of reduced rate of vine length, dry weight and leaf area, was significantly high in $C.$ $martinezii$, 'Shintozwa', PI 482322, and 'PI 271769 ${\times}$ PI 296341' rootstocks (50% or higher) and low in own-rooted 'Sambokkul' or in watermelon plants on 'Knight' rootstock. Watermelon hybrids, 'PI 271969 ${\times}$ PI 296341' and 'PI 271769 ${\times}$ Calhoun Gray', showed better or at least comparable growth at low temperatures as compared to 'FR Dantos', confirming the feasibility of using watermelon rootstocks even in low temperature conditions.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.24 no.2 s.63
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• pp.85-95
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• 1985

It has been tried to find effective biological control measures involved in nature of soil suppressiveness to fusarium wilt of cncumber caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cucumerinum Owen. Total 28 soil samples were obtained from Jinju, Haman, Namji, Milyang and Suncheon vinyl house area. The disease response of test soil was quantified in terms of DI50 value which caculated from log-probit transformation of diseases response curves. Soils designated 5 from Jinju, 7 from Suncheon, 22 from Namji were recognized as suppressive to fusarium wilt of cucumber. This suppressiveness was completely nullified after autoclave. The disease suppressiveness of tested soil did not indicate any consistency according to either chemical property or texture of soil. Conidial germination, induction and germination of chlamydospore were markedly inhibited in supprerssive soil compared to those in intermediate or conducive soils, however, mycelial lysis did not appear to have direct relationship with disease suppressiveness of given soil. Population density of fluorescent Pseudomonads and Bacillus spp. in the soil originated from different degree of suppressiveness were not different significantly but the number of lytic bacterial plaques measured by triple layer agar method was remarkably higher in suppressive soil than that in intermediate or conducive soil.

• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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• v.45 no.4
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• pp.140-157
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• 2012

The result of a study on the useful trend of plants related to landscape and how to plant and cultivate through 'ImwonGyeongjaeji Manhakji'of Seoyugu is as follows: First, 'ImwonGyeongjaiji Manhakji', composed of total 5 volumes (General, Fruit trees, vegetables and creeper, plants, others) is a representative literature related to landscape which described the names of plants and varieties, soil condition, how to plant and cultivate, graft, how to prevent the insect attack etc systematically. Second, he recorded the tree planting as Jongjae(種栽) or Jaesik(栽植), and the period to plant the trees as Jaesusihoo(栽樹時候), transplanting as Yijae(移栽), making the fence as Jakwonri(作園籬), the names of varietieis as Myeongpoom(名品), the suitable soil as Toeui(土宜), planting and cultivation as Jongye(種藝), treatment as Euichi(醫治), protection and breeding as Hoyang(護養), garden as Jeongwon(庭園) or Wonpo(園圃), garden manager as Poja(圃者) or Wonjeong(園丁). Third, the appearance frequency of plants was analyzed in the order of flowers, fruits, trees, and creepers and it showed that the gravity of deciduous trees was 3.7 times higher than that of evergreen trees. The preference of flower and trees, fruit trees and deciduous trees and broad-leaved trees includes (1) application of the species of naturally growing trees which are harmonized with the natural environment (2) Aesthetic value which enables to enjoy the beauty of season, (3) the trend of public welfare to take the flowers and fruits, (4) the use of symbolic elements based on the value reference of Neo-Confucianism etc. Fourth, he suggested the optimal planting period as January(上時) and emphasized to transplant by adding lots of fertile soil and cover up the seeds with soil as high as they are buried in accordance with the growing direction and protect them with a support. That is, considering the fact that he described the optimal planting period as January by lunar calendar, this suggests the hints in judging the planting period today. For planting the seeds, he recommended the depth with 1 chi(寸 : approx. 3.3cm), and for planting a cutting, he recommended to plant the finger-thick branch with depth 5 chi(approx. 16.5cm) between January and February. In case of graft of fruit trees, he described that if used the branch stretched to the south, you would get a lot of fruit and if cut the branches in January, the fruits would be appetizing and bigger. Fifth, the hedge(fence tree) is made by seeding the Jujube tree(Zizyphus jujuba var. inermis) in autumn densely and transplanting the jujube tree with 1 ja(尺 : approx. 30cm) interval in a row in next autumn and then binding them with the height of 7 ja(approx. 210cm) in the spring of next year. If planted by mixing a Elm tree(Ulmus davidiana var. japonica) and a Willow(Salix koreensis), the hedge whose branch and leaves are unique and beautiful like a grating can be made. For the hedge(fence tree), he recommended Trifoliolate orange(Poncitus trifoliata), Rose of sharon(Hibiscus syriacus), Willow(Salix koreensis), Spindle tree(Euonymus japonica), Cherry tree(Prunus tomentosa), Acanthopanax tree(Acanthopanax sessiliflorus), Japanese apricot tree(Prunus mume), Chinese wolf berry(Lycium chinense), Cornelian tree(Cornus officinalis), Gardenia(Gardenia jasminoides for. Grandiflora), Mulberry(Morus alba), Wild rosebush(Rosa multiflora) etc.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.447-466
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• 2019

The orchard flora where perennial fruit trees are grown may be different than in arable fields where annual crops are grown. The study focused on the floristic composition and characteristics of orchards in South Korea. The flora surveys were conducted in 36 areas in nine provinces at two times (May-June and August-September) in 2014. The results showed that the vascular orchard plants in South Korea included 466 taxa, which contained 91 families, 278 genera, 420 species, two subspecies, 39 varieties, four forms, and one hybrid. Among the 91 families, Compositae was the most diverse in species (66 taxa), followed by Gramineae (51 taxa), Leguminosae (28 taxa), Cyperaceae (18 taxa), Polygonaceae (17 taxa), Cruciferae (16 taxa), and Labiatae (14 taxa). Based on the occurrence frequency of each species, Digitaria ciliaris (Retz.) Koel. (100%) was the highest, followed by Acalypha australis L. (94.4%), Commelina communis L. (94.4%), Persicaria longiseta(Bruijn) Kitag.(91.7), Capsella bursa-pastoris(L.) L. W. Medicus(91.7%), Erigeron annuus (L.) Pers. (91.7%), Mazus pumilus (Burm. f.) Steenis (86.1%), Artemisia princeps Pamp. (86.1%), Cyperus microiria Steud. (86.1%), Stellaria aquatica (L.) Scop. (83.3%), Stellaria media(L.) Vill.(83.3%), and Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) P. Beauv.(83.3%). The biological type of orchards in South Korea was determined to be Th-₅-D₄-e type. Rare plants were found six taxa: Cinnamomum camphora (L.) J. Presl, Aristolochia contorta Bunge, Melothria japonica (Thunb.) Maxim., Ardisia crenata Sims, Gnaphalium hypoleucum DC., and Aster koraiensis Nakai. Eighty-five taxa contained naturalized plants composed of 23 families, 58 genera, 80 species, four varieties, and one form. The urbanization and naturalization indices were 26.3% and 18.2%, respectively.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.72-83
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• 2015

A plant diversity, which consists of indigenous plant community with Orientla thuja community (Natural monument no. 1) in Dodong, Daegu, is identified and analyzed as ecological characteristic to consider worth plants and vegetation resource of the region. The vascular plants of Thuja orientalis community were listed as 219 taxa (3.7% of all 4,881 taxa of Korean vascular plants); 67 families, 147 genera, 199 species, 16 varieties, and 4 forms. Vulnerable species (VU) and least concerned species (LC) were recorded based on IUCN standard; Koelretueria paniculata (VU), Thuja orientalis (LC), and Exochorda serratifolia (LC). Although the study site is a non-limestone area, a total of 15 taxa of calciphilous plants were identified; Cheilanthes argentea, Hypodematium glandulosopilosum, Asplenium retamuraria, Thuja orientalis, Spiraea blumei, Smilax sieboldii, etc. A total of 4 taxa endemic plants were identified; Prunus mandshurica for. barbinervis, Lespedeza maximowiczii var. tomentella, Forythia koreana (artificial origin), and Veronica pyrethrina. Among the list, 8 taxa of naturalized plants were identified; Fallopia dentatoalalta, Rumex crispus, Nasturtium officinale, Bidens frondosa, Erigeron annuus etc. Naturalization rate (NR) was 3.6%, of all 219 taxa of vascular plants and urbanization index (UI) was 2.2% of all 321 taxa of naturalized plants. Thuja orientalis occupies a lot of indigenous landscape in this study area which is the southern-limited part of a natural distribution where it can survive. The T. orientalis community, where indigenous plants have formed a characterful species composition based on habitat, has been confirmed as a worth national vegetation resource in an indigeous flora. It has been considered of plans for persistent conservation.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.38-46
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• 2007

The vascular plants of the Moaksan provincial park area were listed as 615 taxa: 120 families, 383 genera, 542 species, 1 subspecies, 69 varieties and 3 forms. Based on the list of Korean endemic plants, 6 taxa were recorded: Cephalotaxus koreana, Carex okamotoi, Lilium amabile, Salix purpurea var. japonica, Weigela subsessilis, Aster koraiensis and based on the list of the rare plants by the Forest Research Institute, 5 taxa were recorded in the studied areas: Lilium distichum (Preservation priority order; No. 159), Tricyrtis dilatata (No. 97), Iris ensata var. spontanea (No. 197), Aristolochia contorta (No.151), Viola albida (No. 202). Specific plant species by floral region were a total of 48 taxa; Prunus yedoensis in Class V, 2 taxa, as Carex arenicola, Wistaria floribunda in Class IV, 4 taxa, Spiraea salicifolia, Thea sinensis, Asperula lasiantha, etc. in Class III, 8 taxa, as Lilium distichum, Iris ensata var. spontanea, Acer triflorum, etc. in Class II, 33 taxa, as Camptosorus sibiricus, Orixa japonica, Lonicera praeflorens, etc. in Class I. The naturalized plants in this site were 16 families, 40 genera, 48 species, 2 varieties, 50 taxa and the naturalization rate was 8.1% of all 615 taxa vascular plants. As a conservation measure, there needs to be controls on the imprudent development and excessive visitors and a detailed plan like nature the rest of the year.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.32 no.5
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• pp.589-614
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• 2019

To investigate the distribution of vascular plants growing at Mt. Guryong, we surveyed from March in 2016 to October in 2017. The flora of Mt. Guryong was classified as a total of 526 taxa comprising of 87 families, 298 genus, 449 species, 4 subspecies, 63 varieties, 10 forma. Among them, the endemic plants in Korea were investigated as 10 taxa of including Pseudostellaria coreana (Nakai) Ohwi. The Korean rare plants species were investigated as 16 taxa, among them degree of CR investigated as 1 taxa of Cypripedium macranthum Sw., VU investigated as 5 taxa of including Rhododendron micranthum Turcz., degree of LC investigated 9 taxa of including Clematis koreana Kom., degree of DD investigated 1 taxa of Adenophora grandiflora Nakai. Endemic plants were investigated as 14 taxa of including seudostellaria coreana (Nakai) Ohwi and The floristic special plants were a total of 84 taxa such as 2 taxa in degree V(in cluding Polypodium virginianum L.), 7 taxa in degree IV (including Anemone reflexa Steph. & Willd.), 21 taxa in degree III(including Celtis aurantiaca Nakai), 22 taxa in degree II (including Thelypteris phegopteris (L.) Sloss.) and 31 taxa in degree I (including Cimicifuga simplex (DC.) Turcz.) was carried out to provide basic data. The naturalized plants were investigated as 37 taxa of including Chenopodium ficifolium Smith., Thlaspi arvense L., Rumex crispus L. and the percentage of urbanization index was 11.53%, the naturalized ratio was 6.99% respectively.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.2 no.3
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• pp.10-17
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• 1999

In order to confirm the effectiveness of the natural river improvement technique, the analysis of vegetation was carried out in Yangjae stream between 1996 and 1998. The results of this study showed the numbers of riparian plants had increased from 41 species to 53 species, and the dominant species had changed from annual and biannual(Humulus japonicus, Persicaria thunbergii, Persicaria hydropiper, Panicum dichotomiflorum, Echinochloa crus-galli) to perennials (Phragmites communis). The variation in biomass and biodiversity index were measured and calculated according to the rehabilitation method. Biomass were varied 302 to $828g/m^2$ and biodiversity index was varied 1.53 to 1.52 at point bar plots(A treatment plots) from 1996 to 1998. In conclusion, the natural river improvement technique which has operated in Yanjaecheon for three years has contributed to restoration of riparian plants. Additionally, subsequent study using this technique should be followed in the near future.

• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.248-257
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• 2003

The objective of this experiment was to search plant species with herbicidal activity in Korea. Two hundred native plants were collected and their methanol extracts were obtained. Herbicidal activity of methanol extracts were determined by seed bioassay using canola (Brassica napus L.) seedlings. Six plants such as Staphylea bumalda, Wistaria floribunda, Allium victorialis, Rumex crispus, Chionanthus retusa, and Ulmus parvifolia were highly herbicidal: their $GR_{50}$ values were < $1,000{\mu}g\;g^{-1}$. In addition, seventeen plants such as Galium spurium, Zelkova serrata, Campsis grandiflora, Eucommia ulmoides, Sorbus commixta, Deutzia glabrata, Cercis chinensis, Alnus hirsuta, Zanthoxylum schinifolium, Quercus acutissima, Robinia pseudoacacia, Gleditsia japonica, Kerria japonica, Ligustrum obtusifolium, Thuja orientalis, Chamaecyparis obtusa, and Pulsatilla koreana showed herbicidal activity: their $GR_{50}$ values were between 1,000 and $2,000{\mu}g\;g^{-1}$. However, 177 plants showed no herbicidal activity. Plants with herbicidal activity found in this study could be used for weed management and herbicidal compounds in such herbicidal plants could be used as lead compounds in the development of new herbicides.