• Journal of the Korean Regional Science Association
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.19-37
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• 2015

The purpose of this study is to confirm a structural relationship on factors affecting ratio of public transportation spending to a car-owning household's total transportation expenditure. For this purpose, informations of household's attributes and activities were gathered using the 13th Korean Labor and Income Panel Study (KLIPS), and information of land-use and transportation conditions on their residential locations was collected and processed. A structural equation model (SEM) on determinants affecting ratio of public transportation expenditure was constructed, based on an execution result of factor analysis using the analyzing database. The latent variables were derived as land-use/transportation characteristic, household's attribute and household's activity. In the analyzing result of the SEM, the entire latent variables were significant. And, the first two latent variables had positive influences, and the last latent variable had a negative impact. To promote public transportation use of the car-owning households, this study suggests that the policies such as enhancement of convenience in public transportation use for the household's activities and improvement of the land-use/transport conditions are required.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.33-43
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• 2010

The objective of this paper is to analyze expenditure structures and impact factors of household's transportation cost in order to provide policy-maker with quantitative and economic information for reducing household's transportation costs, using 1995-2007 household survey data. For this purpose, this study performed various economic analysis, including econometric regression analysis and income re-distributional effects. The four models were separately estimated with dependent variable (personal and public costs, public transit and private car costs) and independent variables (family, employ, age, education, cars, household income, region dummy variable). In addition, We analyzes impacts of transport policy instruments on the transportation expenditure. These instruments include changes of oil price and public transit fare, reform of public transport system, and extension of subway facilities. Finally, income re-distributional effects before and after transportation expenditure, using Pechman-Okner (PO) index and Wolfson index.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.24 no.6 s.92
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• pp.65-74
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• 2006

The costs of owning car are accepted as a subscription fee for participating in car-oriented society and only direct out-of-pocket costs of driving are mostly considered, so that the efficient location with better accessibility to service facilities is often under-appreciated. The purpose of this study is to explore the impact of accessibility to public transport and other service facilities on travel demand and transportation cost of household. The residential areas in Hamburg are categorized into 8 types according to level of public transport and other service facilities. The costs of owning and operating car in each residential area are calculated on the base of the household automobile ownership and usage analysed through the actual survey The result of this analysis shows that the transportation cost of household is decreased In proportion to the level of Public transport and other service facilities. This analysis finds the structure of residential area, which economize energy consume and makes household actual transportation cost saying Possible. The result of the analysis can be used as a tool for influencing home locaion choice towards Public transportaion corridors.

• Management & Information Systems Review
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.81-92
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• 2017

This study was to investigate the elasticity in tourism demand of Chinese tourists visiting Malaysia through ARDL models by using Chinese tourists arrivals, GDP, CPI, transportation costs and others. When China was implementing an open-door policy with foreign countries in the early 15th century, the movement of Chinese was very limited, and then communication between China and other countries was very weak. However, the Chinese government persistently and entirely implemented an open-door policy by participating in the World Trade Organization(WTO) in 2001. The Chinese government has opened the economy through foreign direct investment by providing various incentives for foreign investment. As a result, inbound and outbound Chinese movements increased in the early 21st century. China was one of the top five most visited tourist destinations in the world by 2016, and also Chinese tourists traveling abroad increased, so they made Malaysia a popular tourists destination because of increase sharply to around 1.41 million. This study examined the significance of major economic factors affecting the increase in Chinese tourists arriving in Malaysia. Other factors that induced their arrival included income, tourism prices, transportation costs and promotional activities. Short-run shocks from the Asian economic crisis and the outbreak of SARS were included to understand how tourism demand in Malaysia was affected. Finally this study found that the combination of the ARDL and the Error Correction Model were useful to statistically estimate the elasticities of tourism demand.