• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.17 no.11
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• pp.708-715
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• 2016

This study examined the effects of an extract of Dendropanax morbifera on blood pressure, Angiotensin II, Angiotensin Converting Enzyme, Aldosterone, and lipid levels of spontaneously hypertensive rats. The groups were as follows: Control group, Hypertension control group, Water extract treated group, Ethanol extract treated group, n- hexane fraction treated group, Ethyl acetate fraction treated group, n- butanol fraction treated group, and Water fraction treated group. The blood pressure, and Angiotensin II, and Angiotensin Converting Enzyme, and Aldosterone levels were lower in the Ethyl acetate fraction treated group than in the hypertension control group. The change in blood pressure was lower in the Water extract treated group, Ethyl acetate fraction treated group, Ethanol extract treated group, n- hexane fraction treated group, and n- butanol fraction treated group than the hypertension control group. The concentration of Angiotensin II was lower in the Ethyl acetate fraction treated group, Ethanol extract treated group, n- hexane fraction treated group, and n- butanol fraction treated group than the hypertension control group(p<0.05). The level of Angiotensin Converting Enzyme was lower in the Ethyl acetate fraction treated group, Ethanol extract treated group, n- hexane fraction treated group, and n- butanol fraction treated group than the hypertension control group. The concentration of Aldosterone was lower in the Ethyl acetate fraction treated group, and n- butanol fraction treated group than the hypertension control group(p<0.05). In addition, the concentration lower in the Water extract treated group, Ethanol extract treated group, n- hexane fraction treated group than the hypertension control group. Overall, the effect of the Dendropanax morbifera extracts might be useful as anti-hypertensive, and functional food agents.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.848-857
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• 2007

Sikhe, a traditional Korean drink, was prepared with Hovenia dulcis extract (HDE), and its quality and storage characteristics were evaluated through sensory and microbial analyses. In the color analysis, the lightness of the Sikhe showed a decreasing tendency according to the addition of HDE, while redness and yellowness increased. The Sikhe prepared with 20% HDE had the highest sugar concentration at 12days of storage ($4^{\circ}C$). Interms of sensory quality, both the 20% and 40% HDE-added Sikhes had the highest overall preference. The microbial cell counts presented no distinct differences early in the storage. period, but the general bacteria counts of the Sikhe made with the increasing concentrations of extracts decreased with a longer storage period. The coliform counts of the Sikhe prepared without HDE (control) was 10.5 CFU/g at 10 days of storage, but the 100% HDE-added Sikhe had a level of 7.9 CFU/g at 16 days of storage. These results indicates that Hovenia dulcis may inhibit normal microbial growth and extend the shelf-life on Sikhe.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.55-60
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• 2011

To investigate effects of Ixeris dentata EtOH ext. on lowering lipid levels and anti-oxidation activity, hyperlipidemic rats were treated with Ixeris dentata EtOH ext. and lipid levels and anti-oxdation activity were measured. The Ixeris dentata EtOH ext. groups showed low concentration of plasma FFA, plasma triglyceride, plasma total cholesterol, and plasma LDL-cholesterol compared to control group. However, concentration of plasma HDLcholesterol was not significantly different among all the treatment groups. The Ixeris dentata EtOH ext. groups showed lower level of liver total cholesterol, liver triglyceride, plasma TBARS, and liver TBARS than those of control group. The Ixeris dentata EtOH ext. groups also showed higher level of GSH-Px activity, SOD activity, and CAT activity than those of control group. Moreover, the Ext. showed lower level of TNF-${\alpha}$, Apo-B, Apo-E, and leptin expression than those of control group. The results in this study shows that the Ixeris dentata EtOH ext. have positive effect in lowering lipid level, and anti-oxidative activity.

• Journal of radiological science and technology
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.47-52
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• 2003

In this study, the inhibited effects on superoxide radical of Grifola umbellata hot water extracts (Gu-extract) on mice were investigated. The intraperitoneal administration of Gu-extract for 2 days increased swimming time by 1.8 fold, indicating that the extract might contained some anti-fatigue compound(s). The extract inhibited superoxide radical formation by 22% as compared to control, but not lipid peroxidation.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.668-672
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• 2001

To investigate the oxygen free radical and alcohol metabolizing system in liver of rats fed diets with 30% ethanol extract of Lycium chinense (LCEE), Sprague-Dawley male rats weighing 225~235g have been fed a diet supplemented with 2% or 4% LCEE for a month. The rats fed LCEE supplemented diets gained less body weight compared with the control, and had no remarkable changes of liver function. In rats fed 2% LCEE supplemented diet, hepatic cytochrome P450 contents appeared to be increased, but catalase (204.88$\pm$20.06 $H_2O$$_2$nmoles/mg protein/min), and superoxide dismutase (13.18$\pm$0.74 Unit/mg protein) activities were significantly increased compared with control 120.28$\pm$26.99 $H_2O$$_2$nmoles/mg protein/min and 10.49$\pm$0.80 Units/mg protein). There was no difference in hepatic glutathione content, glutathione peroxidase, and glutathione-S-transferase ctivities between the rats fed LCEE suplemented diets and the control diet. On the other hand, hepatic alcohol dehydrogenase activity were not changed by LCEE feeding, but hepatic aldehyde dehydrogenase activities were significantly increased in rats fed both 2 and 4% LCEE diets(5.01$\pm$0.21 and 4.47$\pm$0.06 $\mu$moles NADPH/mg protein/min) compared with control (3.28$\pm$0.21 $\mu$moles NADPH/mg protein/min) and its Vmax value was 1.9 fold increased in rats fed 2% LCEE and 1.5 fold in those fed 4% LCEE compared with control. In conclusion, it is likely that rats receiving a diet supplemented with LCEE may have the oxygen free radicals and alcohol detoxication potential.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.31 no.5
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• pp.796-801
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• 2002

To investigate the effects of Ewomia ulmoides olivon extract on the serum and hepatic lipid status and anti-oxidant enzyme activities, male Sprague Dawley (SD) rats were given high fat diets and Eucomia ulmoides olivon ethanol extracts for 6 weeks. Rats were divided into (our groups consisting the control (C), Eucomia ulmoides oliuon extract fed group (CE), high fat diet group (CL) and the extract and high fat fed group (CLE). Eucomia ulmoides oliuon ethanol extract lowered total cholesterol, but increased HDL-cholesterol and HDL-cholesterol/total cholesterol of the serum compared to the control. On the other hand, the ratio of HDL-cholesterol/total cho-lcsterol (HTR) was increased by 55% (p<0.05). High fat diet significantly increased serum cholesterol contents, but decreased HDL-cholesterol level and HTR (p<0.05). Atherogenic index (AI) of CL group was increased by almost four times of the control (p<0.05). Triglycerides (TG) and phospholipids were also increased by high fat diet. Eucomia ulmoides oliuon ethanol extract decreased the levels of TG (p<0.05) and phospholipids (p<0.05). Although liver antioxidant engyme activities including glutathione sulfur transferase (GST), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase were decreased by high fat diet, those were stimulated by the administration of Eucommia ulmoides olivon ethanol extract.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.382-389
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• 2008

To achieve a better understanding of protective effects of water extracts of Panax ginseng against TCDD-induced toxicities, we monitored physiological and clinical changes in rat for 4 weeks after administrations of each Panax Ginseng extract or TCDD, and co-administration of the two materials. For this study, 120 male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats weighing 190-210 g each (8 weeks old) were divided into four groups: TCDD-administered, co-administered group with TCDD and ginseng extract, ginseng extract-administered, and control group. The TCDD-administered group received single dose of TCDD in a corn oil vehicle ($25\;{\mu}g/kg$ body weight) by intraperitoneal administration on Day 1. The Panax ginseng extracts-administered group received intraperitoneally 100 mg/kg body weight every other day for one month. For the co-administered group with TCDD and ginseng extracts, Panax ginseng extracts were intraperitoneally administered to rats at 100 mg/kg body weight every other day for one month after a single intraperitoneal dose of $25\;{\mu}g$ of TCDD/kg body weight on Day 1. Panax ginseng extracts attenuated the mortality induced by TCDD administration. The extracts also slightly attenuated the TCDD-induced body weight loss. Administration of TCDD alone increased liver weight at 2, 5, and 16 days after administration of TCDD. Administration of Panax ginseng extracts rather decreased liver weight through whole the experimental period, but which was statistically insignificant. Administration of TCDD alone at $25\;{\mu}g/kg$ body weight increased both serum enzyme activities of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) at 32 days, indicating that liver damage occurred maximally at that time. Ginseng extract administration caused insignificant changes in serum ALT, but gradually decreased in AST as the exposure time increased. Coadministration of TCDD and ginseng extracts caused serum AST activity to significant recovery to normal value at 16 days and 32 days after exposure to TCDD. The extracts also significantly decreased the TCDD-induced ALT activity after 16 days of TCDD administration. These results suggest that Panax ginseng extracts may possess a protective effect against TCDD-induced toxicities including hepatotoxicity in rats.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.43 no.4
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• pp.333-341
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• 2010

The aim of this study was to investigate the hypolgycemic activity of water extract of fermented yacon (Smallanthus sonchifolius) leaves tea (Yacon LWE) in high-fat diet (HFD)/streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic mice. Male ICR mice were fed with a HFD (37% calories from fat) for 4 weeks prior to intraperitoneal injection with STZ (100 mg/kg body weight). Diabetic mice were supplemented with two doses of Yacon LWE (0.16% and 0.8%, wt/wt) for 6 weeks. The supplementation of high-dose Yacon LWE significantly lowered blood glucose levels and plasma ALT and AST activities compared with the control group. High-dose Yacon LWE also improved the insulin tolerance without any changes in plasma and pancreatic insulin concentrations in HFD/STZ-induced diabetic mice. Yacon LWE supplementation increased the insulin staining of pancreatic $\beta$-cells in a dose-dependent manner. Both 0.16% and 0.8% of Yacon LWE significantly elevated plasma leptin concentration, hepatic glucokinase activity and glucokinase/glucose-6-phosphatase ratio compared with the control group. However, glycosylated hemoglobin concentration was not different among the groups. These results suggest that high-dose Yacon LWE lowers the blood glucose level partly by enhancing insulin sensitivity and hepatic glucose metabolism in type 2 diabetic mice.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.53 no.5
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• pp.461-467
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• 2011

The objective of this study was to determine the shelf-life effects and residual nitrite contents of mugwort and pine needle extracts addition in emulsified sausage during cold storage. The sausages were of five types: no mugwort and pine needle extracts added (Control), mugwort water extract added (T1), mugwort ethanol extract added (T2), pine needle water extract added (T3), and pine needle ethanol extract added (T4). Each sausage type was tested in triplicate and assigned to one of four storage periods: 0, 10, 20 and 30 days. As storage time increased, the presence of mugwort and pine needle extracts resulted in decreased pH, CIE $L^*$, and residual nitrite value, but increased TBARS (thiobarbituric acid reactive substance) values, and total plate counts (TPC). Values for pH, TBARS, residual nitrite contents and total plate counts were significantly decreased by the addition of mugwort and pine needle extracts compared to the control (P<0.05). Among all treatments, T4 was more (P<0.05) effective in delaying lipid oxidation compared to other treatment groups. In conclusion, this study demonstrates that addition of pine needle ethanol extract to emulsified sausages tended to improve antioxidant and antimicrobial effects and residual nitrite contents during storage than other treatment groups.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.42 no.5
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• pp.586-592
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• 2010

This study investigated the effects of Stevia rebaudian bertoni leaf extract on lipid profiles in C57BL/6J mice, as compared to stevioside. Fourty mice were divided into four groups: NC (normal diet and DW), HC (high fat diet and DW), HLSV (high fat diet and stevia leaf extract, 1 mL/kg/day), and HSS (high fat diet and stevioside, 1 mL/kg/day). Serum triglyceride concentrations were significantly lower in the HLSV and HSS groups than in the HC group. Epididymal fat pad weights were significantly lower in the HLSV and HSS groups than in the HC group. We also evaluated the serum and liver carnitine levels (NEC, AIAC, ASAC, TCNE) of all the groups. These results were supported by the mRNA expression of enzymes related to lipid metabolism (ACC, PPAR${\alpha}$, ACS, CPT-I) assessed by RT-PCR. Overall, the results show the antiobesity effects of stevia leaf extract as compared to stevioside in high fat diet induced obese mice.