• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.9 no.11
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• pp.309-315
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• 2009

Image reconstruction of Inverse Fourier Transform after Frequency Domain Data is filtered applies to Image signal acquired from MR. There are various kinds of image processing techniques; image preprocessing, image reconstruction, image compression, image restoration image mixture, noise and artifact elimination, and image quality improvement. In this paper, optimum filter applicable to diagnosis in clinic by comparing and analyzing the characteristics of the filter will be explained. Fermi-Dirac filter will improve the image quality better than the previous MR image.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.45 no.2
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• pp.229-240
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• 2003

An in vitro test and a broiler feeding trial were conducted to test the effect of hydrothermal treatment of wheat bran on phytate-P degradation and it’s feeding effect on performance of broilers. Hydrothermal treatment of wheat bran was carried out at 55$^{\circ}C$ with pH 5.5 buffer solution. Phytate-P content of wheat bran decreased quadrically as the wheat bran: buffer solution ratio increased from 1:0.5 to 1:5. Phytate-P degradation was not significantly affected by incubation times above 10 min., drying temperature (55$^{\circ}C$, 65$^{\circ}C$ and 75$^{\circ}C$) or pH of the buffer solution (5.5 and 7.0). A feeding trial was conducted with 240 sex separated d-old broiler chickens (Ross$^{\circledR}$). Broilers were randomly housed to 24 cages of 10 birds each. Six cages (3 of each sex) were assigned to 4 treatments: Control-normal level of non-phytate-P (NPP); LP-low NPP treatment which had 0.1% lower NPP than Control; LPWB-LP with wheat bran which provided 475 IU of plant phytase per kg diet; LPHWB-LP with hydrothermally treated wheat bran. Results of the feeding trial showed that broilers in the LP treatment gained significantly less than other treatments in starter period (1-21d) but only male broilers for growing LP gained significantly less than Control in the grower (22-35d) and overall period. There were no significant differences in weight gain among the birds of LPWB, LPHWB and Control. Feed intake during the overall period was not significantly different between LPWB and Control but that of LP was lower than LPHWB and that of LPHWB was lower than Control. Feed/gain ratio was significantly lower in LPHWB and LP than in Control and LPWP. Mortality was highest in LPHWB. Availability of crude fat, crude ash and Ca was significantly lower in LP than other treatments. Availability of P and Zn was higher in LPWB and LPHWB than in Control and LP. Availability of P, Mg and Zn was highest in LPHWP treatment. Excretion of P was significantly lower in low NPP treatments than in Control. Serum Ca level was highest whereas serum P level was lowest in LP. Tibial crude ash content was higher in wheat bran treatments, but lower in LP than Control. However, tibial Ca content was higher in Control and LP than wheat bran treatments. Tibial P content of LP and LPWB was lower than Control. However, tibial content of Fe was highest in LP. It was concluded that wheat bran, a source of plant phytase, could be used in low NPP broiler diets to prevent the depression of performance. Reduction of P excretion can be achieved concomitantly. Hydrothermal treatment of wheat bran was effective in improving utilizability of some minerals but was not effective in improving performance of broilers.

• Progress in Medical Physics
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.33-40
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• 1999

Purpose: To simulate and measure the signal intensity of various tissues near bone interface in 2D and 3D neurological MR images. Materials and Methods: In neurological proton density (PD) weighted images, every component in the head including cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), muscle and scalp, with the exception of bone, are visualised. It is possible to acquire images in 2D or 3D. A 2D fast spin-echo (FSE) sequence is chosen for the 2D acquisition and a 3D gradient-echo (GE) sequence is chosen for the 3D acquisition. To find out the signal intensities of CSF, muscle and fat (or scalp) for the 2D spin-echo(SE) and 3D gradient-echo (GE) imaging sequences, the theoretical signal intensities for 2D SE and 3D GE were calculated. For the 2D fast spin-echo (FSE) sequence, to produce the PD weighted image, long TR (4000 ms) and short TE$_{eff}$ (22 ms) were employed. For the 3D GE sequence, low flip angle (8$^{\circ}$) with short TR (35 ms) and short TE (3 ms) was used to produce the PD weighted contrast. Results: The 2D FSE sequence has CSF, muscle and scalp with superior image contrast and SNR of 39 - 57 while the 3D GE sequence has CSF, muscle and scalp with broadly similar image contrast and SNR of 26 - 33. SNR in the FSE image were better than those in the GE image and the skull edges appeared very clearly in the FSE image due to the edge enhancement effect in the FSE sequence. Furthermore, the contrast between CSF, muscle and scalp in the 2D FSE image was significantly better than in the 3D GE image, due to the strong signal intensities (or SNR) from CSF, muscle and scalp and enhanced edges of CSF. Conclusion: The signal intensity of various tissues near bone interface in neurological MR images has been simulated and measured. Both the simulation and imaging of the 2D SE and 3D GE sequences have CSF, fat and muscle with broadly similar image intensity and SNR's and have succeeded in getting all tissues about the same signal. However, in the 2D FSE sequence, image contrast between CSF, muscle and scalp was good and SNR was relatively high, imaging time was relatively short.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.167-175
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• 2005

Houttuynia cordata THNUB (He; Uh-Sung-Cho) is a medicinal plant which has been widely used as a component of blood-building decoctions. This study was performed to investigate the immunomodulative effect of He in mice. In vitro experiment, the mice splenocytes proliferation and three kinds of cytokines (IL-1$\beta$, IL-6, TNF- $\alpha$) production by mice peritoneal macrophages cultured with six (methanol, hexane, chloroform, ethylacetate, butanol and water) fractions of He were used to indicate the immunomodulative effect. Ex vivo experiment, the different concentrations of He water extract was orally administrated every other day for two weeks. The production of cytokines IL-1$\beta$, IL-6, TNF- $\alpha$) secreted by activated macrophages and the mice splenocytes proliferation were used as an index for the immunocompetence. The supplementation of all six fractions of He enhanced the splenocytes proliferation at the level of 6.58$\pm$1.23∼47.82$\pm$5.48 compared to that of control in the range of 1∼50 $\mu\textrm{g}$/mL. IL-1$\beta$ production was significantly increased with the supplementation of chloroform and water extract of He. Higher level of IL-6 production was detected by the supplementation of ethylacetate, butanol and water extract. TNF - $\alpha$ production was enhanced by the supplementation of all six fractions of He. From the ex vivo study, the highest proliferation of splenocytes was seen from the mice orally administrated with the He water extract at the concentration of 500 mg/kg bw In case of cytokines production, IL-1$\beta$, IL-6, and TNF- $\alpha$ release by activated peritoneal macrophages were augmented by the oral administration of He water extract. These results indicated that He may enhance the immune function by regulating the splenocytes proliferation and cytokines production capacity in mice.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.10 no.12
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• pp.3925-3930
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• 2009

This study, nonequivalent control group pretest-posttest design was to identify the effects of simulation-based training for basic life support on the knowledge and skills of the nursing college students. The subject were 16 participants in the experimental group who trained with simulation-based and 17 participants in the control group who trained with traditional education methods among second grade of D college in D city. Data was collected from 24th August to 1st September 2009. The data were analyzed with Fisher's exact, independent t-test, paired t-test and ANCOVA using SPSS/PC 12.0 win. The results were as followed. Firstly, BLS knowledge of the experimental group weren't significantly different with the control group(F=.568, p=.573), Secondly, BLS skills of the experimental group were significantly different with the control group(F=19.407, p=.000). These findings suggest that simulation-based training for basic life support improved the competence on basic life support of nursing college students. Therefore, the result suggested that nursing department professor applicate simulation-based training to improve nursing college student's ability to perform basic life support.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.1-5
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• 1991

This study was conducted to examine the effect of the addition of calcium acetate and/or potassium sorbate on the characteristics of kakdugi(Korean seasoned pickles of cubed radish roots) fermented at $20^{\circ}C$ for 4 days or more. The sensory characteristics, pH, titratable acidity, non-volatile organic acids and texture by Instron were measured. The results of sensory evaluation on kakdugi stored at $20^{\circ}C$ for 4 days indicated that firmness, toughness, crispness, sour taste and overall desirability were increased by the addition of calcium acetate. Potassium sorbate was evaluated to decrease the sourness. Titratable acidity, pH and the amount of non-volatile organic acids were higher in samples containing calcium acetate than in other ones. Compression test with Instron gave the similiar result to sensory evaluation in the measurement of firmness. Calcium acetate and potassium sorbate showed synergistic effect greatly on the textural characteristics on kakdugis.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.18 no.6
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• pp.681-690
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• 2024

This study aimed to quantitatively analyze the effect of anode angle on the heel effect and image quality in digital radiography systems. For this purpose, two X-ray devices with anode angles of 12° and 16° (Accuray D6 and INNOVISION-SH) were used to compare the radiation dose distribution and the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) in thoracic spine images, using a chest phantom under identical imaging conditions. In the radiation dose distribution study, it was observed that the device with a 12° anode angle showed more pronounced dose distribution non-uniformity, with a sharp decrease in dose from the cathode side to the anode side. In contrast, the 16° anode angle device exhibited a more gradual dose decrease and a more uniform distribution than the 12° device. It was confirmed that a smaller anode angle intensified the heel effect, causing the radiation intensity to be distributed unevenly. In the thoracic spine image analysis, it was found that, with an anode angle of 16°, the SNR and CNR improved when the chest phantom was placed in the standard orientation (T12 on the cathode side and T1 on the anode side). This suggests that the anode angle and patient positioning influence the effect of the heel effect on image quality. Compared to the reverse orientation (T1 on the cathode side and T12 on the anode side), the standard orientation provided superior image quality. Based on these findings, it is recommended that, in clinical practice, awareness of the anode angle and accurate differentiation between standard and reverse positioning during thoracic spine imaging with digital radiography systems can enhance image quality and improve diagnostic reliability.

• Journal of Advanced Navigation Technology
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.170-176
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• 2005

In this paper, we proposed watermarking algorithm based on wavelet transform. Discrete wavelet transform is involved to calculate additive energy strength. Considering imperceptibility, after computing contrast and texture sensitivity in gray-level image, we inserted watermark with variable weight due to the feature of coefficient block. Consequently, applying human visual system, the experimental results showed that the proposed algorithm satisfied the properties of robustness and imperceptibility that are the major conditions of watermarking.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.11 no.12
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• pp.495-505
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• 2013

This study aims to evaluate the effects of aromatherapy and a foot reflex massage program on the cognition, anxiety, aggressive behavior, and wandering behavior of elderly with dementia. The research design was a non-equivalent control group, quasi-experimental study where 43 subjects were divided into two groups. Aromatherapy and foot reflex massage was administered to the experimental group (N=21), and no treatment was administered to the control group (N=22). The data was analyzed using the ${\chi}^2$-test, t-test, while the repeated measures of ANOVA were utilized with the SPSS/Win 18.0 program. The experimental group did not show significant differences in cognitive function; however, it showed significant differences in anxiety, aggressive behavior, and wandering behavior in relation to the control group. Thus this research suggests aromatherapy and a foot reflex massage program as nursing intervention to improve the quality of life of elderly with dementia.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.93-97
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• 2012

Gamma ray irradiation mutagenesis was employed to get variants of Pleurotus eryngii with functionally enhanced and improved characteristics. Protoplasts released from P. eryngii were treated with gamma ray radiation under 0.25-1.25 KGy. Protoplast sample that showed fatality rate of 80% at the 0.25 KGy was spreaded on YPMGA (yeast, peptone, malt-extract, glucose, agar) and 500 mycelial colonies were randomly selected from the medium. Of them, 100 mutant strains with mycelial morphology and growth rate that differ to control strain were observed on PDA. The cellulase and laccase activity of 67 gamma ray-irradiated P. eryngii isolates with morphological variation were investigated. Among these, 5 isolates were higher cellulase. In addition, the genetic variation of the mutant strains was analyzed by PCR fingerprinting.