• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.51-58
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• 2000

Purpose :The effect of PTK inhibitors (herbimycin A and genistein) on the induction of radiation-induced apoptosis in Ph-positive KS62 leukemia cell line was investigated. Materials and Methods :K562 cells in exponential growth phase were irradiated with a linear accelerator at room temperature. For 6 MV X-ray irradiation and drug treatment, cultures were initiated at 2×106 cells/mL. The cells were irradiated with 10 Gy. Stock solutions of herbimycin A and genistein were prepared in dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO). After incubation at 37$^{\circ}C$ for 0$\~$48 h, the extent of apoptosis was determined using agarose gel electrophoresis and TUNEL assay. The progression of cells through the cell cycle after irradiation and drug treatment was also determined with flow cytometry. Western blot analysis was used to monitor bel-2, bel-X$_{L}$ and bax protein levels. Results :Treatment with 10 Gy X-irradiation did not result in the induction of apoptosis. The HMA alone (500 nM) also failed to induce apoptosis. By contrast, incubation of K562 cells with HMA after irradiation resulted in a substantial induction of nuclear condensation and fragmentation by agarose gel electro-phoresis and TUNEL assay. Genistein failed to enhance the ability of X-irradiation to induce DNA fragmentation. Enhancement of apoptosis by HMA was not attributable to downregulation of the bel-2 or bel-X$_{L}$ anti-apoptotic proteins. When the cells were irradiated and maintained with HMA, the percentage of cells in G2/M phase decreased to 30$\~$40$\%$ at 48 h. On the other hand, cells exposed to 10 Gy X-irradiation alone or maintained with genistein did not show marked cell cycle redistribution. Conclusion : We have shown that nanomolar concentrations of the PTK inhibitor HMA synergize with X-irradiation in inducing the apoptosis in Ph (+) K562 leukemia cell line. While, genistein, a PTK inhibitor which is not selective for p210$^{bcr/abl}$ failed to enhance the radiation induced apoptosis in KS62 cells. It is unlikely that the ability of HMA to enhance apoptosis in K562 cells is attributable to bel-2 family. It is plausible that the relationship between cell cycle delays and cell death is essential for drug development based on molecular targeting designed to modify radiation-induced apoptosis.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.48 no.3
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• pp.310-314
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• 2005

Propose : In this study, we evaluated whether powder on surgical gloves is a cause of postpuncture backpain in children. Mothods : In 164 children with meningitis between July and September 1997, we did not remove powder from surgical gloves. However, in 149 children with menigitis between May and October 2001 the powder was removed from the surgical gloves. Results : Out of the 164 patients in 1997, 41 cases(25.00%) were found to have postdural puncture backpain. On the other hand, out of 149 patients in 2001, with whom we used gloves from which the powder was removed, we found only 8 patients(5.36%) with postdural puncture backpain. Conclusion : We conclude that the powder on surgical gloves is one of the main causes of postdural puncture backpain in children.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.107-113
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• 1998

This experiment has conducted to evaluate whether single injection of red ginseng extract including 50% ethanol extract, crude saponin, and lipid soluble fraction can induce oxidative burst of mouse peritoneal macrophages with use of fluorescence spectrophotometer. To optimize conditions of fluorescent spectrophotometry, concentrations of DCFH-DA(2', 7' -dichlorofluorescin diacetate) was 1.6 ${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$ and control oxidative burst by Zymosan A and PMA(phorbol myristate acetate) were 100$\mu\textrm{g}$, 250ng, respectively. Though in vitro macrophages failed to induce increment of H2O2 production, but 50% ethanol extract group induced significant enhancement of H2O2 production when zymosan A triggered oxidative burst. On the other hand, lipid soluble fraction enhanced significantly H2O2 production than that of control group. These findings consisted with the other reports which showed ginsenosides inhibited nitric oxide production and lipid soluble fraction activated colony stimulating factor(granulocyte - monocyte) activity in bone marrow stem cells. As is well known, lipid soluble fraction contains phenol compound, polyacetylene compound and alkaloids. Further study would unravel which component of it can induce H2O2 production of macrophages. Key words : Red ginseng(Panax ginseng), H2O2 production, macrophages.

• The Korean Journal of Pharmacology
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.381-388
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• 1996

The hemodynamic changes in septic patients produced by inhalational anesthetics are sufficient to threaten the anesthesiologists. The effect of hydroxocobalamin, a vitamin $B_{12a}$, on contractile responses to phenylephrine during administration of inhalational anesthetics were evaluated in aortic ring preparations obtained from LPS-treated rats. The sepsis was developed by intraperitoneal injection of LPS (1.5 mg/kg for l8h) and confirmed by iNOS expression using RT-PCR. Statistical significances (P<0.05) were analyzed by Student's t-test or paired t-test according to data characteristics. The blood pressure, but not heart rate, was decreased in LPS-treated rats as compared to control rats. The contractile response to phenylephrine were dose-dependently increased from the doses of $10^{-8}\;M$ to that of $10^{-5}$ and were attenuated in LPS-treated rings. Both halothane and enflurane, at the doses of 1 MAC, decreased the contractile responses to phenylephrine while isoflurane did not significantly affect the contractile responses. Hydroxocobalamin ($10^{-5}$ M) significantly potentiated the contractile responses in the LPS-treated aortic ring preparations during administration of each inhalational anesthetic or not. From these results, it is suggested that hydroxocobalamin may improve the hemodynamics of septic patients during inhalational anesthesia. Abbreviations: LPS, lipopolysaccharide; RT-PCR, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction; MAC, minimum alveolar concentration; iNOS, inducible nitric oxide synthase; GAPDH, glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.652-661
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• 2008

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the skeletal and dental effects obtained by the Frankel functional regulator III in growing children with Class III malocclusions. Cephalometric changes in thirty children at the time of mixed dentition malocclusions (initial mean age, $7.9{\pm}1.1$ years; mean treatment duration, $1.5{\pm}0.8$ years) were analysed. The results were as follows : 1. The skeletal effects on the maxilla showed a significant downward displacement whereas forward displacement was not significant in comparison with the control group. 2. The skeletal effects on the mandible showed statistically significant backward and downward displacement. 3. The dental effects showed statistically significant backward movement in the mandibular incisor tip and increase of overjet The results suggested that forward displacement on the maxilla was insufficient and treatment effects were caused mainly by downward displacement of the maxilla, backward and downward rotation of the mandible, and the increase of overjet during short period.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.207-212
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• 2012

Fucoidan has been shown to enhance immune function. The objective of this study was to examine the in vitro effect of fucoidan on the chamotactic activity of canine peripheral blood polymorphonuclear cells (PMNs). The chemotactic activity of PMNs was evaluated by method of a modified Boyden chamber assay. The amount of interleukin (IL)-8 in the culture supernatants from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) treated with fucoidan was determined by means of ELISA. Fucoidan itself could not have chemoattract effects for PMNs. However, the chemotaxis of PMNs was remarkably enhanced by culture supernatant from PBMCs treated with fucoidan. Similarly, it was also increased by recombinant canine (rc) IL-8. These chemotactic activities of PMNs were inhibited by addition of anti-rcIL-8 polyclonal antibody (pAb). The amount of IL-8 in the culture supernatant from PBMCs was shown to increase upon treatment of fucoidan as compared with that of untreated PBMCs culture supernatant. These results suggest that fucoidan upregulates the chemotaxis of PMNs, which is mainly mediated by IL-8 released from fucoidanstimulated PBMCs.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.31-41
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• 2010

목적 : 침술은 한국과 같은 동아시아에서 잘 알려진 효과적인 치료법이며 정신 이상을 포함한 다양한 질환의 치료에 사용되어 왔다. 서양에서 침술은 유용한 보완대체의학으로서 각광을 받고 있다. 본 연구는 침술이 코카인 섭취를 줄이는 데에 있어서 효과가 있는지, 또 경혈의 복합 처방이 단일 경혈에 비해 더 효과적인지 여부를 알아보고자 계획되었다. 방법 : 본 실험에서는 270~300 그램의 웅성 흰쥐에게 FR 1 프로그램에서 먹이를 자가 섭취하도록 훈련시켰다. 동물이 3일 연속 3시간 이내에 100개의 먹이를 섭취하면 수술을 하였다. 복강주사로 마취를 시킨 뒤 오른쪽 경정맥으로 관을 삽입하고 천으로 고정시켰다. 회복기를 끝낸 동물은 매일 1시간 동안 FR 3 프로그램으로 코카인을 섭취하도록 훈련 받았다. 3일 연속 섭취량이 일정하면 다음날 한의사가 1분간 침 처치를 하였다. 대조군은 침 자극을 제외하고 똑 같은 조건으로 하였다. 결과 : 신문혈은 코카인 섭취를 줄였으나, 다른 경혈은 그렇지 못하였다. 더구나 신문과 태연을 같이 자침한 경우 단일 경혈에 비해 약간 더 억제하는 효과를 보였다. 그럼에도 불구하고 침술이 식욕에는 별다른 영향을 주지 않았다. 결론 : 이러한 연구 결과는 침술이 적어도 어느 정도 코카인 남용 치료에 있어서 유용하며 경혈을 복합으로 사용하는 것이 단독 사용보다 더 우수할 수 있음을 제시한다.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.36 no.11
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• pp.852-857
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• 2003

Background: Conventional treatment for mesothelioma is largely ineffective. We evaluated the novel approach of adenoviral gene transfection of PTEN gene in mesothelioma cancer cell lines, inflammatory and epithelial subtype, which are sensitive to adenoviral p53. Material and Method: Binary adenoviral PTEN and LacZ (Ad/GT-LacZ and Ad/GV16) vectors were used for transduction of the mesothelioma cell lines, REN (p53 sensitive). Protein levels were determined by Western blotting assay. Apoptosis was assessed by fluorescence-activated cell sorter analysis of subdiploid populations. Cell viability was determined with the XTT assay. Statistical analysis was performed with analysis of variance and the Student t test. Result: 72 hours after the treatment of adenoviral PTEN gene, cell killing were 32.9% for REN compared to control cell (2.5%) at MOI of 20. Also we observed the over-expression of proapoptotic protein, bax and decreased expression of bcl-2 protein in REN cells. But the expression of BCL-xl, Bak, Bad proteins were not altered. Conclusion: Adenovirus Pten-mediated overexpression of the Bax gene induces apoptosis and decreased cellular viability in p53-sensitive mesothelioma cells. These data suggest that the transfection of PTEN gene may represent a alternative gene therapy strategy to treat mesothelioma.

• The Korean Journal of Pharmacology
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.151-156
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• 1986

There are some evidence for the presence of more than one type of calcium channels. To investigate whether organic calcium antagonist sensitive calcium channels exist in the isolated sarcolemmal membrane, we prepared high KCl-loaded sarcolemmal vesicle from the procine small instine, and induced calcium transport by high $K^+$ concentration or by electrical stimulation after preincubation of KCl-loaded vesicle in the low potassium solution. Calcium transport induced by high $K^+$ concentration (84.7mM) was significantly increased (p<0.05), compared with that by low $K^+$ concentration (2.08 mM), and not inhibited by diltiazem $(10^{-6}\;M)$. Calcium transport was inactivated with time. By continuous electrical stimulation (3V, 15Hz, 25m see), calcium transport was markedly increased, and inhibited significantly by dilltiazem $(10^{-6}\;M)$ and nifedipine $(10^{-6}\;M)$ (p<0.005), compared with the value of control without electrical stimulation. Calcium transport by electrical stimulation was not inactivated with time for at least 2 min. From these results, it was concluded that there was organic calcium antagonist sensitive channel in the isolated intestinal sarcolemma membrane, which was activated by electrical stimulation.

• Korean Journal of Exercise Nutrition
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.15-21
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• 2009

Ergogenic aids are substances, devices, and practices that enhance an individual's energy use and production, and recovery from fatigue. L-carnitine increases enhance performance and aerobic capacity by stimulating lipid oxidation in muscle cells during long term exercise. L-carnitine is a well known and widely used ergogenic aid. In the present study, the effect of L-carnitine at concentrations of 100 nM, 1 μM, 10 μM, and 100 μM on the amplitude of field potential in rat cardiac muscle slices was measured using multi-channel extracellular recording (MED 64) system. In the present result, L-carnitine was shown to enhance field potential as a does-dependent manner. The increasing effect of the L-carnitine on field potential was not affected by application of the glibenclamide, an ATP-dependant K⁺ channel antagonist. The increasing effect of L-carnitine on field potential was suppressed by application of the diazoxide, an ATP-dependent K⁺ channel agonist. Present data show that L-carnitine potentiates field potentials by inhibition on ATP-dependant K⁺ channel in cardiac muscles. The enhancing effect of the L-carnitine on the field potential in cardiac muscles can be suggested as one of the underlying mechanism of ergogenic aid of the L-carnitine.