• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.49 no.4
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• pp.497-504
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• 2022

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the antibacterial effects of two liquid fluoride materials on Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans). Riva star aqua^TM (SDI, Bayswater, Australia), which consists of silver fluoride (AgF, step 1) and potassium iodide (KI, step 2), and Fluor protector^® (FP; Ivoclar Vivadent, Liechtenstein) were used for experimental groups. Experimental groups were divided into 4 groups : AgF, KI, AgF + KI and FP. For the positive control (PC) group, ampicillin was used, and the negative control group (NC) did not receive any additional treatment. Each group was divided into 30 and 50 µL groups by volume of liquid and applied to flat-coated S. mutans. The diameter of the zone of inhibition was measured. The PC and AgF groups showed larger diameters than other materials (p < 0.05), and the AgF group showed no significant difference from the PC group in the 50 µL group (p > 0.05). The FP group showed larger diameters than the AgF + KI group in the 30 µL (p = 0.009). The KI group did not show significant difference from the NC group (p > 0.05). AgF is comparable to ampicillin in antibacterial effects on S. mutans, and better than FP.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.33-41
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• 2003

The cardiopulmonary and anesthetic effects of tiletamine/zolazepam(TZ, 10 mg/kg IV), xylazine-tiletamine /zolazepam(XTZ, X: 1.1 mg/kg IM, TZ: 10 mg/kg IV) and medetomid-ine-tiletamine/zolazepam(MTZ, M: 30$\mu\textrm{g}$/kg IM, TZ: 10 mg/kg IV) were evaluated to 15 healthy mongrel dogs (4.16$\pm$0.65 kg). These dogs were randomly assigned to the three treatment groups(Control, XTZ, MTZ) with 5 dogs in each group. All experimental animals were premedicated with atropine(0.03 mg/kg, IM). Xylazine or medetomidine were administered to dogs in XTZ group and MTZ group 10 minutes after atropine injection. TZ was administered 20 minutes after atropine injection in all groups. The loss of pain response at pedal reflex and ear pinching tests in XTZ and MTZ groups were much longer compared with those of Control group(P < 0.01). All dogs in this study showed head rocking and hypersalivation during recovery time. Body temperature decreased progressively during experimental period in all groups, but it was not significant. After TZ injection, heart beat rate significantly increased 10 and 20 minutes in Control group, and 20 and 40 minutes in XTZ group(P < 0.05). Respiratory rate significantly decreased 0,10,20 and 40 minutes after 72 injection in XTZ and MTZ groups. In Control group, systolic arterial pressure (SAP) 20 minutes. diastolic arterial pressure(DAP) 10 minutes and mean arterial pressures (MAP) 10 and 20 minutes after 72 injection significantly decreased(P < 0.05). In XTZ group, SAP, DAP and MAP significantly decreased 20 and 40 minutes after 72 injection(P < 0.05). Thus, it was considered that XTZ and MTZ were useful in a canine surgical treatment that requires long anesthetic duration and deep analgesia.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.278-285
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• 2003

This study was performed to compare early stage changes following the administrations of Conjugated Linoleic Acid (CLA), Carprofen and their combinations in the experimental canine cranial cruciate ligament rupture. Twenty five mongrel dogs were divided into five groups; Groups 1, 2, and 3 received a sectioning the cranial cruciate ligament (CCL) of the right stifle joint, and were administered CLA (250 mg/kg/day/orally), carprofen (4.4 mg/kg/day/orally), and their combinations for 4 weeks beginning 4 weeks postsurgery, respectively. Group 4 received sectioning CCL and no treatment. Group 5 was composed of unoperated normal dogs. The macroscopic observation of cartilage erosions on both the condyles and plateaus were evaluated, and the severity of the cartilage lesions and synovial inflammation was examined histologically at eight weeks after surgery. Histological examinations including hematoxylin and eosin stain, standard toluidine blue method, PAS technique and Masson trichrome technique, hematologic and radiographic evaluation were perfonned after experimental surgery. Slight yellowish discoloration of the surface was found in some of the experimental dogs. However macroscopic findings showed no significant differences among the groups. In radiographic findings, cranial displacement of the proximal tibia relative to the femoral condyles in all groups was observed but no significant differences among the groups was seen. This study showed that oral administration of CLA, carprofen and their combinations revealed no early stage change in the canine stifle joint following experimental rupture of the cranial cruciate ligament.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.15 no.9
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• pp.5578-5584
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• 2014

In this study, 46 patients from a local hemodialysis center were enrolled to assess the effects of a self-motivated virtual reality (VR) exercise program on the heart rate variability and quality of life control in hemodialysis patients. The VR group (n = 23) completed a VR exercise program, where the subjects performed the exercise 40 min per session, 3 sessions per week, for 8weeks. After the exercise program, the heart rate variability and quality of life were measured. The VR group showed significant improvement in the heart rate variability and quality of life. The self-motivated VR exercise program provided both the role of supervisor as well as feedback, which is important for hemodialysis patients.Therefore, a self-motivated VR exercise program may be a useful tool for improving the psychosocial function in chronic disease patients undergoing hemodialysis.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.287-296
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• 2008

The purpose of this in vitro study was to compare the remineralization effect of commercially available anticariogenic products, exactly low level fluoride mouthrinse(500 ppm NaF), tooth cream with Casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate(CPP-ACP) and fluoride mouthrinse plus tooth cream on artificial caries lesion. Artificial caries lesion was induced at the buccal surface of permanent third molar and the specimens were then divided(16 specimens/group) into four group. Twice a day during 28 days specimens of each group were treated with a commercially anticariogenic product as follows and applied to the pH cycling system. Group 1: control group (No treatment) Group 2: Tooth $Mousse^{(R)}$ (GC Co. Japan) Group 3: $chikachika^{(R)}$ (Samil Co. Korea) Group 4: $chikachika^{(R)}$+Tooth Mousse$^{(R)}$ The long-term change of mineral loss(${\Delta}Q$) was evaluated by quantitative light-induced fluorescence (QLF) and the following results were obtained: 1. ${\Delta}Q$ of Group 1 was not noticed statistically significant during 28 days comparing that prior to treatment. There was a statistically significant increase in ${\Delta}Q$ of Group 2 and 3 since 14 days. So was in ${\Delta}Q$ of Group 4 since 7 days. 2. ${\Delta}Q$ was increased as follows: Group 1< Group 2, 3< Group 4. 3. Comparing with Group 1, Group 2 was a statistically significant increase since 7 days and Group 3 and 4 were since 3 days. Comparing Group 2 with 3, there was not noticed statistically significant during whole duration. Group 4 was significantly higher than Group 2 and 3 after 28 days. 4. All groups demonstrated a decrease in the rate of remineralization as time goes on.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.106-111
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• 1998

This study has been focused on both estrogenic and proliferating activity of genistein (GEN) and bisphenol A (BPA). GEN and BPA enhance the proliferation of estrogen-dependent MCF-7 human breast cancer cells at concentrations as low as 100 nM of GEN and 8 ng/ml of BP A achieving similar effect to that of estradiol at 1 nM. Expression of the estrogen responsive gene, pS2 was also induced in MCF-7 cells by treatment with genistein at dose as low as 1 nM and BPA at dose as low as 4 ng/ml. Using 21 day-old ovariectomized nude mice, we examined end-bud formation and mammary gland development after treatment with bisphenol A or genistein. Compared with untreated control, mammary gland development and end-bud formation were significantly increased in mice fed genistein or bisphenol A (p<0.05). Taken together, it is concluded that GEN and BP A can act as an estrogen agonist resulting in cell proliferation and induction of the estrogen responsive pS2 gene in MCF-7 cells in vitro and in athymic mice in vivo, respectively. Therefore, it is suggested that GEN and BP A might modulate human endocrine system and these compounds might be considered as a endocrine modulator at the low levels of doses.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.44 no.6
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• pp.1332-1342
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• 1997

Background : Acute pulmonary injury by paraquat are caused by multiple mechanisms including direct injury with oxygen free radicals and several mediators released from inflammatory cells. In order to clarify whether vitamin E could reduce tissue damages induced by intraperitoneal administration of paraquat and to investigate the pathogenetic mechanisms of paraquat-induced pulmonary injury, vitamin E as a free radical scavenger was administered. Method : Rats were divided into three groups (group 1 : control, group 2 : paraquat treated group, group 3 : paraquat and vitamin E treated group). Animals were sacrificed on day 1, day 2, day 3, and day 8 after the administration of saline, paraquat, or paraquat/vitamin E. Results : Treatment with vitamin E decreased the death rate of rats treated with paraquat. Comparing with control group ($1.37{\times}10^6/ml$), mean total cell counts recovered from the lavage fluid from animals treated with paraquat($1.65{\times}10^6/ml$) were increased(p=0.06). Magnitudes of increment of the total cell counts on the Day 8 in the vitamin E treated group were smaller than those of the animals treated with paraquat alone. The neutrophils began to appear in significant amounts in the lavage fluid on Day 8 after the administration of paraquat(37.0+12.7%). A significant decreasing neutrophil concentration at Day 8 was observed in the paraquat/vitamin E treated group(20.6+13.4%). Histologically the degree of pulmonary fibrosis was most prominent in the paraquat treated group while diffuse alveolar damage was continuously observed in the paraquat/vitamin E treated group and extensive interstitial lymphocytic infiltration was seen in the paraquat/vitamin E treated group. The paraquat/vitamin E treated group showed the less histologic changes. Conclusion : In this study vitamin E acting as a scavenger of neutrophil-derived free radicals and suppressant of lipid peroxidation, seemed to be the effective antioxidant in the inhibition of paraquat-induced pulmonary injury.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
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• v.46 no.4
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• pp.351-358
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• 2008

Purpose: This study examined the recovery of the dentin-resin bonding strength, and the difference in the bonding strength after applying pH hemostatic agents at various pH. Materials and methods: Bosmin, Hemodent, Astregedent, and Visine were used as the hemostatic agents in this study. The Bosmin, Hemodent, and Astrigedent hemostatic agents are acidic, and the Visine hemostatic agent is neutral and is used as a decongestant. Ninety human molar teeth were used as the specimen. The teeth were sectioned using a diamond wheel until the dentin was exposed and wet ground by silica paper. The specimens were divided into two groups according to the hemostatic agent used. The specimens were then subdivided into 9 groups according to the application of re etching (R group) or rinsing only (N group). A commonly used resin bonding procedure was used in the control group. The resin bonding procedure was managed dentin using celluloid capsule. In addition, the shear bond strength was measured using an Instron. Results: In general, samples with the applied hemostatic agent, with the exception of Visine, had a slightly weak bond that was similar to the control group. In addition, the rinsing only (N) group had slightly weak bond that was similar to the re etching (R) group. Conclusion: The application of a hemostatic agent on the dentin surface does not affect the shear bond strength after application for a short time. In addition, rinsing only can recover the shear bond strength making other management procedures redundant, particularly re etching.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.11 no.7
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• pp.289-295
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• 2020

As the importance of the beauty to pursue beauty comes to the fore, the market size of hairdressing industry including hair dyeing is getting bigger. In case of continuously applying an oxidative dyeing agent commonly used in hair salons, as hair damage is inevitable, we investigated morphological changes of hair treated with a neutral oxidative dyeing agent. In the experiment results, Between the control and the 6N-7N experimental groups, there was a significant difference in Max. modulus and Tangential modulus according to Max. load, Max. stress, Max. elongation, Break load, Break stress, Break elongation, and strain section. There were the highest values in Max. load, Max. stress, Max. elongation, Break load, Break stress and Break elongation in the control group, and there was no tendency to decrease significantly according to the treatment of the experimental group. Max. modulus and Tangential modulus according to the strain evaluation section did not show a tendency to increase or decrease constantly, although there was a difference between the control and experimental groups. This study attempts to provide basic data for the development of oxidative dyeing agent that minimizes hair damage and to establish the foundation for understanding the correlation between hair designers' oxidative dyeing agent and hair health.

• Journal of Dental Rehabilitation and Applied Science
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.15-25
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• 2012

The relationship between occlusion and periodontal health has been extensively studied. However, reports on the effects of passive eruption using occlusal reduction has not been sufficient. The purpose of the present randomized clinical trial was to assess the influence of passive eruption using occlusal reduction on the clinical periodontal parameters consisting of attachment level, pocket depth, tooth mobility, width of keratinized gingiva and osseous defect. The study was performed on 40 teeth of 16 subjects who have been treated for the moderate periodontitis at the Department of Periodontology, Pusan National University Hospital. At the baseline examination, after hygienic-phase and after 6 month from passive eruption using occlusal reduction, clinical parameters were monitored and radiographs were taken. The 20 teeth in the test group received passive eruption using occlusal reduction while the 20 control teeth did not receive any occlusal reduction. The results were as follows; 1) Degree of inflammation of periodontium was improved by initial therapy 2) Teeth received passive eruption using occlusal reduction demonstrated significantly greater reduction in pocket depth, tooth mobility and amount of bone loss, and increase in the width of keratinized gingiva, but no significant changes in the attachment level compared to the control teeth 3) There was significantly greater reduction in pocket depth, mobility, amount of bone loss and attachment level in the test teeth after initial hygienic phase when compared with baseline data. Taken together, these results suggest that the passive eruption using occlusal reduction would be helpful to improve periodontal health.