• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.31 no.6
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• pp.449-464
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• 2022

This study reviewed the development process of the consultation guideline for the environmental assessment of offshore wind power. Based on this, implications and improvement plans for a future revision of the guidelines. Domestic and foreign case studies reviewed the consulting cases on domestic offshore wind power development projects, environmental location consulting cases, and guidelines related to overseas offshore wind power and analyzed location characteristics and significant environmental issues by project. Major environmental issues related to offshore wind power include birds, noise and vibration, marine animals and plants, marine physics, marine water quality and sediments, marine landscapes, and other auxiliary facilities installed on land. Implications and improvements for revising the consultation guidelines for evaluating offshore wind environments require data and clear guidelines at the central government level to determine areas where offshore wind projects can be located. In a situation where the importance of cumulative impact assessment is emphasized, guidelines for cumulative impact assessment methodologies for each item that reflect the domestic situation should be prepared for a cumulative impact assessment on offshore wind power environmental issues. In addition, when revising the consultation guidelines, empirical research cases should be reflected through the accumulation of environmental surveys and monitoring data of offshore wind farms by sea area.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.214-225
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• 2022

This study emphasized the soil of environmental impact assessment to devise measures to minimize the negative impact of project implementation on the environment. As a series of efforts for impact assessment procedures, a national inventory-based database was established for urban development projects, and three machine learning model performance evaluation as well as soil pollutant concentration distribution mapping were conducted. Here, nine soil pollutants were mapped to the metropolitan area of South Korea using the Random Forest model, which showed the best performance. The results of this study found that concentrations of Zn, F, and Cd were relatively concerned in Seoul, where urbanization is the most active. In addition, in the case of Hg and Cr6+, concentrations were detected below the standard, which was derived from a lack of pollutants such as industrial and industrial complexes that affect contents of heavy metals. A significant correlation between land cover and pollutants was inferred through the spatial distribution mapping of soil pollutants. Through this, it is expected that efficient soil management measures for minimizing soil pollution and planning decisions regarding the location of the project site can be established.

• The Journal of Engineering Geology
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.39-49
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• 2023

Soil contaminants measured and managed in Korea include those of geologic origin such as arsenic, cadmium, copper, lead, zinc, nickel, mercury, and fluoride. This study identifies the distribution of these contaminants using GIS modeling to analyze the spatial probability of soil contamination originating from geology. The modeling found that cadmium, copper, lead, nickel, and mercury often exceed the regulated standard by <1%. Concentrations of arsenic and zinc greatly exceeded the standard in the vicinity of mines and industrial complexes: mining and industry seemed to have substantial effects on the concentrations of these metals. Although fluoride was sampled at the lowest number of points, its frequency of exceeding the standard was the highest. No obvious source of artificial contamination has been identified, and fluoride's distribution characteristics showed continuity over a wide area, suggesting a strong correlation between geological characteristics and fluoride concentration. The highest frequencies of fluoride exceeding the standard were in Jurassic granite (40.00%) and Precambrian banded gneiss (34.12%). As these rocks contributed to the formation of soil through their weathering, high fluoride concentrations can be expected in soil in areas where these rocks are distributed.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.283-289
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• 1993

Effect of sulfur dioxide gas on the growth and yield of soybean growing in the On-San Industrial Complex area was evaluated using the isoquant contour lines of the sulfur dioxide in air of the area. Average concentration of sulfur dioxide monitored in the Industrial Complex from July 17 to September 17 was 0.77mg / 100cm$^2$ PbO$_2$/day. Soil pH ranged from 4.2 to 6.5. Yield losses were estimated by 5～30% due to the effect of sulfur dioxide. Liming could relieve the yield reduction to some extent. The cumulative $SO_2$ concentration, as measured by PbO$_2$ method, for two months of active vegetative growth to early ripening stage has shown a good negative correlation with soybean yield. But, pod number and 100 grain weight did not show the correlation with the concentration of sulfur dioxide. These results suggest that sulfur dioxide affect chronically and cumulatively the growth of soybean plants.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.230-236
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• 2001

The fluxes of wet deposition(WD), throughfall(TF), stemflow(SF) and soil leachates were measured to understand base cation budgets on deciduous ecosystem impacted by acidic deposition in the north-western part of Tomakomai in Hokkaido, Japan. The flux of $H^{+}$ for wet deposition was $0.34kmo1_{c}$ $ha^{2+}$ and the flux of base cation, $K^{+}$ /, Na$^{ + }$, $Ca^{2+}$ and $Mg^{2+}$ far throughfall plus stemflow wart 1.6 kmolc $ha^{-1}$ , 3 times higher level than that for wet deposition. The flux of base cation for canopy leaching(LI) was 0.95 kmolc ha$^{-1}$ , 2.8 times higher level than $H^{+}$ sources in wet deposition. The major mechanism of $^{+}$ consumption closely related to acidic neutralizing capacity of canopy. The ionic flux for soil leachates from Boil reservoir and proton consumption in soil was dependent on soil chemical states and exchangeable Ca in soil had a major factor of H$^{+ }$ consumption. The base cation budgets on deciduous ecosystem showed positive balance fur Na, Ca and Mg, while K was the negative value.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.30 no.6D
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• pp.577-585
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• 2010

Traffic accidents are caused by several factors such as drivers, vehicles, and road environment. It is necessary to investigate and analyze them in advance to prevent similar and repetitive traffic accidents. Especially, the human factor is most significant element and traffic accidents by drinking-driving caused from human factor have become social problem to be paid attention to. The study analyzes traffic accidents resulting from drinking-driving and the effects of driver's attributes and environmental factors on them. The study is composed as two parts. First, the log-linear model is applied to analyze that accidents by drinking or non-drinking driving associate with road geometry, weather condition and personal characteristics. Probability is tested for drinking-driving accidents relative to non-drinking drive accidents. The study analyzes probability differences between genders, between ages, and between kinds of vehicles through odds multipliers. Second, traffic accidents related to drinking are classified into property damage, minor injury, heavy injury, and death according to their severity. Heavy injury is more serious than minor one and death is more serious than heavy injury. The ordinal regression models are established to find effecting factors on traffic accident severity.

• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
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• v.42 no.6
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• pp.559-564
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• 2023

It is known that change in the bone strength of cortical bone constituting the outer shell of long bones such as the tibia or radius due to aging and osteoporosis is a risk factor for fracture. In this study, the group velocity of time-reversed Lamb waves generated in tibial cortical bone in vivo was measured using a time reversal method, and the correlations of the group velocity with the cortical bone thickness (cTh) and cortical bone mineral density (cBMD) closely related to the bone strength were investigated. It was found that the group velocity of time-reversed Lamb waves measured in the right tibia of 7 subjects showed a very high correlation, r = 0.90 (p < 0.0001), with the cTh and a relatively low correlation, r = 0.69 (p < 0.0001), with the cBMD. A limitation of this in vivo study is that the group velocity of time-reversed Lamb waves was measured for a normal group consisting of only 7 healthy adults. In the future, if the clinical usefulness of the time-reversed Lamb wave is demonstrated by follow-up studies on normal and osteoporotic groups consisting of a large number of healthy adults and osteoporotic patients, respectively, it is expected to improve the reliability of quantitative ultrasound technology for osteoporosis diagnosis. In addition, it is necessary to expand the skeletal site for measuring the group velocity of time-reversed Lamb waves not only to the tibia but also to the femur or radius.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.48 no.3
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• pp.155-163
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• 2024

As the demand for reducing carbon emissions increases, efforts to reduce the usage of fossil fuels and research on renewable energy are also increasing. Among the various renewable energy harvesting techniques, the floating offshore wind turbine has several advantages. Compared to other technologies, it has fewer installation limitations due to interference with human activity. Additionally, a large wind turbine farm can be constructed in the open ocean. Therefore, it is important to conduct motion analysis of floating offshore wind turbines in waves during the initial stage of conceptual design. In this study, a frequency motion analysis was conducted on a semi-submersible type floating offshore wind turbine. The analysis focused on the effects of varying trim on the motion characteristics. Specifically, motion response analysis was performed on heave, roll, and pitch. Natural period analysis confirmed that changing the trim angle did not significantly affect the heave and pitch motions, but it did have a regular impact on the roll motion.

• Journal of the Korean earth science society
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• v.45 no.1
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• pp.72-84
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• 2024

Recently, the vulnerability of water resources has been increasing owing to climate change, highlighting the importance of groundwater. In particular, the Nakdong River Basin, located in the southern part of Korea, experiences frequent water scarcity phenomena, such as droughts. This study analyzed the hydrogeological characteristics of the study area by examining groundwater and stream water in the Gwangrye Stream, downstream of the Nakdong River Basin, in August and October 2023. Therefore, we collected samples from 54 groundwater wells and five streams for water quality analysis. The results of the field tests indicated an increasing trend in electrical conductivity from upstream to downstream in the study area. Laboratory analyses confirmed that the concentration of Na increased from upstream to downstream more than that of Ca. In conclusion, both stream water and groundwater were influenced by anthropogenic contamination. These changes were closely related to land use in the study area. The upstream areas are primarily composed of forests, whereas the downstream areas are composed of industrial complexes, wastewater treatment facilities, and agricultural areas, which are likely to affect both stream water and groundwater.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.45 no.3
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• pp.217-235
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• 2012

We evaluated the geochemical characteristics and their potential pollution of Asian Dusts in Daejeon, Korea during spring 2007. Compared with the chemical compositions of soils in source area of Asian Dust, those of aerosols in Daejeon were enriched with trace elements (ten to hundred fold), inferring that pollutants from China have affected on local environment in adjoining country such as Korea. Chemical analysis of aerosols during Asian dust showed that fine particles ($PM_{2.5}$) contained high contents of trace elements such as Cr, Cu, Pb, Zn, V, S, As, Cd, Co, Ni, Mo, Sb, Cs, Rb, Th, Sc and Y. In the case of TSP (Total Suspended Particle), Zr, Sr, Ba, Li, Th and U were contained much more than other trace elements. The contents of some elements (i.e. Li, Cs, Co, U, Cr, Ni, Rb, V, Th, Y, Sr and Sc) in aerosols collected in Asian Dust period, which are not likely enriched by air pollutants, were higher (2 - 4.2 fold) than those in Non Asian Dust period, indicating that these elements could be used as indicator elements for determining the occurrence of Asian Dust phenomena (especially, Sr, V, Cr & Li). In the case of Asian Dust coming through the big cities and/or industrial areas of China, the domestic aerosols had higher contents of trace elements (such as S, Cd, Zn, Pb, Cu, Mo and As) than those from Northeastern China via North Korea, indicating that the transportation courses of air mass are very important to determine the pollution degrees. Using the enrichment factors of trace elements in aerosols during Asian Dust and Non Asian Dust, we identified that some elements (i.e. S, Zn, Cu, Pb, As, Mo and Cd) were most problematic in terms of environmental hazard aspects, and these elements could affect adverse effects on human health as well as ecosystem and surface environment (soil and water) through long-lived precipitation.