• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Postharvest Science and Technology of Agricultural Products Conference
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• 2000.04a
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• pp.14-15
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• 2000

현재의 농업에서 농약의 사용은 불가결한 것이다. DDT의 등장으로 농약만능시대의 막이 열린 이래 세계에서 10만종 이사의 농약이 탄생했다. 현재 전세계의 생산량은 매년 1천만 톤을 넘어섰고 일본의 경우 등록되어 있는 농약수는 원체(화합물종류)로서 367종, 상품명으로서는 약 5800 종류가 판매되고 있다. 년간 일본의 농약생산량은 약 60만 톤으로 농약의 수출량과 수입량이 거의 같기 때문에 생산량이 사용량에 상당하는 것으로 본다. 농약의 식품오염의 측면에서 보면, 단위 면적당 세계 제 1위의 농약 사용국인 일본은 시장에 유통되고 있는 농작물에도 상당한 양의 농약이 잔류하는 것으로 본다. 물론 식품위생법에 26종의 농약에 대해 53작물을 대상으로 하는 잔류농약기준이 있지만, 농약성분이 400종 이상이며 산포 대상이 되는 작물은 53작물보다 훨씬 많다. 또한 한 두 종류의 작물밖에 대상이 되지 않는 농약도 많아서 잔류농약기준은 식품의 안전성 확보면에서는 부족한 것이 많아. 따라서 농산물 생산자 스스로가 농약사용기준을 정확하게 지켜주기를 바랄 뿐이다. 한편으로는, 이러한 현실에 비추어서 농약사용이 일상화된 농업자에게 있어 농약으로 인한 건강상의 문제 또한 적지 않다. 농업자의 건강관리 대책의 일환으로 실시하는 건강진단 및 조사에 따르면, 만성적인 질환뿐만 아니라 농약산포작업후에 나타나는 증세(기침, 피부이상, 불쾌감, 두통, 인후염, 구토)를 경험한 작업자는 예방의학적인 견지에서 농업자의 농약폭로실태파악 및 교육을 해오고 있으나 그다지 설득력을 얻지 못하여 보다 확실한 인체내 흡수량을 측정하는 방법을 생각하게 되었다. 즉 뇨중 농약 대사물을 폭로지표로 하는 생물학적 모니터링(biological monitoring)을 시도, 농업현장에 있어서의 그 실증과 유용성에 대한 검토를 하고자 하였다. 농작업 가운데서 가장 위험하다고 보는 농약산포작업 (수동식 분무기를 이용한 하우스작물 및 동력분무기를 사용한 노지작물)을 대상으로 생물학적모니터링을 실시한 결과 업자의 뇨로부터 농약의 체내흡수를 반영하는 농략의 뇨 분비성 대사물을 측정할 수 있었다. 즉 뇨나 혈액등의 생체시료를 이용한 생물학적모니터링의 농약에의 응용은 서구와는 달리 대부분이 규제가 없는 소규모 자가영농으로 정해진 농약사용지침보다 많은 농약을 사용한다거나, 또는 개인의 습관이나 작업환경에 따라 폭로조건이 달라서 실질적인 폭로-흡수의 정도가 불분명한 경우등에도 충분히 대응할 수 있어 농약사용자 개개인의 농약 폭로-흡수의 정도를 분명하게 밝힐 수 있다. 게다가 평가의 결과를 농약사용의 일선에 있는 농업자에게 피드백 하여 주므로서 농약에 대한 인식을 새롭게 하고 농약취급시의 건강장해예방행동을 촉구하는 등의 효과도 높은 것으로 예방의학적인 유용성이 크다고 볼 수 있다.

• Journal of Korea Society of Industrial Information Systems
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• v.12 no.5
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• pp.1-13
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• 2007

In this research, we found out that bridging nodes have great effect on the robustness of protein-protein interaction networks. Until now, many researchers have focused on node's degree as node's essentiality. Hub nodes in the scale-free network are very essential in the network robustness. Some researchers have tried to relate node's essentiality with node's betweenness centrality. These approaches with betweenness centrality are reasonable but there is a positive relation between node's degree and betweenness centrality value. So, there are no differences between two approaches. We first define a bridging node as the node with low connectivity and high betweenness value, we then verify that such a bridging node is a primary factor in the network robustness. For a biological network database from Internet, we demonstrate that the removal of bridging nodes defragment an entire network severally and the importance of the bridging nodes in the network robustness.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2016.05a
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• pp.125-125
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• 2016

남강 권역은 5개의 단위유역으로 구성되어 있으며, 남강A, 남강B, 남강C, 남강D와 남강E로 명명되고 1단계 수질오염총량관리제도 시행 이후 유역 내 개발 등으로 인한 오염원이 증가하고 장기간 퇴적된 저니층으로부터 오염물질이 용출되는 등 수질의 자정능력보다 더 많은 오염물질이 수체내로 유입됨으로써 수질이 악화되자 수량확보 뿐만 아니라 남강의 수질관리에 대해서 관심을 가지기 시작하였다(GNDI, 2010). 남강 하류수계는 하상구배가 매우 완만하며 유속이 느리다. 따라서 물의 체류시간이 호수와 비슷한 양상을 보이고 있다. 더욱이 남강 하류수계는 주변의 도시와 농경지로부터 물의 소모량이 크기 때문에 하류수계의 물의 흐름이 더욱 완만해지고 이로 인하여 수질 악화가 가속화되고 수역의 영양단계가 점점 증가하는 부영양화현상이 발생되고 있다. 남강하류수계와 같이 부영양화 된 수계내의 미처리 된 영양염을 이용한 식물플랑크톤의 생산에 의해 자생BOD가 공급된다. 따라서 남강댐 하류지역과 같은 수리 수문학적 특징을 가진 유역은 수질관리를 위해서 특정 수역에 유입 BOD와 자생 BOD가 어느 정도 기여하는가를 정량적으로 파악한 후, 기여도에 따라 오염원인 물질을 줄이기 위한 수질관리 방안이 설정되어야 한다. 본 연구에서는 남강유역의 오염원의 기여율 분석을 위해 하천수질모델인 QUALKO2를 사용하였으며, 점오염원 뿐만 아니라 수질에 상당한 영향을 끼치는 비점오염원의 영향을 통합적으로 고려하기 위하여 유역 모델인 SWAT과의 연계방안을 제시하였다. 또한 모델의 연계 적용을 통해 산정된 내부오염원과 내부오염원의 기여율과 수질측정결과를 활용하여 분석한 기여도와의 비교를 수행하여 신뢰성을 확보하였다.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2022.05a
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• pp.67-67
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• 2022

국가 물관리 측면에서 증발산량과 토양수분량은 자연계 손실로서 국내 수자원 총량의 약43%(563억 m³/년)를 차지하며, 수자원의 계획과 개발, 물순환 과정 규명 및 다양한 수재해 분석 등을 위한 수문 요소이다. 정부는 2005년 「수문조사 선진화 5개년 계획」과 2008년 「제1차 수문조사기본계획(2010~2019년)」을 통해 2019년까지 증발산량과 토양수분량 관측소 확대(각각 25개 지점) 기반을 마련하였고 「수자원의 조사·계획 및 관리에 관한 법률」에 따라 매년 공인 수문 자료로 증발산량과 토양수분량을 측정하고 있다. 증발산량과 토양수분량은 댐 유역의 정밀한 물순환 해석에도 매우 중요한 정보로서 현재 K-water에서의 관측은 일부 시험유역(용담댐 유역)의 flux tower에 의한 에디공분산법(Eddy Covariance Method) 및 토양수분 센서(TDR, Time Domain Reflectometery)에 의한 지점 자료의 생산만 각각 이루어지고 있다. 본 연구에서는 K-water 댐 유역의 증발산량 및 토양수분량 관측 현황과 그간 관측된 자료의 특성을 각종 경향성 분석 등과 함께 소개하고자 한다, 증발산량의 경우는 2개소의 flux tower를운영(덕유산 지점 2011년 이후, 용담 지점 2017년 이후)하고 있으며, 토양수분량은 총 7개소(계북, 천천, 상전, 안천, 부귀, 주천 지점 2013년 이후, 장계 지점 2017년 이후)에 TDR센서를 설치, 계측 운영 중이다. 이렇게 관측된 자료는 매년 홍수통제소 주관 관련 전문가 공인심사를 통해 일자료 기준으로 한국수문조사연보에 수록되고 있으며, K-water에서도 연보를 통해 공개된 자료를 기준으로 공공데이터포털(data.go.kr) 등과 연계하여 온라인 자료 서비스 중이다. 한편, 최근 2020년 「제2차 수문조사 기본계획(2020~2029년)」에서는 수자원 위성 개발연구와 연계하여 위성을 활용한 증발산량과 토양수분량 산정 연구의 필요성이 강조되고 있다. 하지만 본 연구에서 살펴본 지점 자료만으로는 댐 유역을 포함한 광역단위의 시계열 공간정보를 생산하기 한계가 있으며, 댐 유역과 국내 전 지역의 공간 시계열 증발산량 및 토양수분량 자료 산정과 활용 방안에 대해 정립하고, 나아가 위성영상을 활용한 댐 유역 증발산량·토양수분량 관측 가이드라인 마련 등을 위해서는 국가적으로 많은 재원의 투입과 노력이 필요한 상황이다.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.33 no.6
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• pp.911-922
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• 2015

This study was carried out to evaluate growth characteristics of Kimchi cabbage cultivated in various highland areas, and to create a predicting model for the production of highland Kimchi cabbage based on the growth parameters and climatic elements. Regression model for the estimation of head weight was designed with non-destructive measured growth variables (NDGV) such as leaf length (LL), leaf width (LW), head height (HH), head width (HW), and growing degree days (GDD), which was $y=6897.5-3.57{\times}GDD-136{\times}LW+116{\times}PH+155{\times}HH-423{\times}HW+0.28{\times}HH{\times}HW{\times}HW$, ($r^2=0.989$), and was improved by using compensation terms such as the ratio (LW estimated with GDD/measured LW ), leaf growth rate by soil moisture, and relative growth rate of leaf during drought period. In addition, we proposed Excel spreadsheet model for simulation of yield prediction of highland Kimchi cabbage. This Excel spreadsheet was composed four different sheets; growth data sheet measured at famer's field, daily average temperature data sheet for calculating GDD, soil moisture content data sheet for evaluating the soil water effect on leaf growth, and equation sheet for simulating the estimation of production. This Excel spreadsheet model can be practically used for predicting the production of highland Kimchi cabbage, which was calculated by (acreage of cultivation) ${\times}$ (number of plants) ${\times}$ (head weight estimated with growth variables and GDD) ${\times}$ (compensation terms derived relationship of GDD and growth by soil moisture) ${\times}$ (marketable head rate).

• Journal of the Economic Geographical Society of Korea
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.398-415
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• 2010

The purpose of this paper is to grasp levels of cost burden in pollution treatment by measuring efficiencies and shadow prices by pollutants in Korean cities. The efficiencies and shadow prices of pollutants will be compared for cities divided by Seoul metropolitan area and non-Seoul metropolitan area. Annual shadow prices of NOx, SOx, and PM10 emissions in the cities of Seoul metropolitan area are 0.846, 0.318, 0.816, respectively for 1999-2005. The annual shadow prices in the cities of Non-Seoul metropolitan area are 0.848, 0.272, and 0.789, respectively over the same periods. The shadow prices of SOx showed similar levels between two areas but those of NOx and PM10 of cities in Seoul metropolitan area were higher. NOx emission quantities of both areas have similar increasing patterns because the NOx has mainly increased with augmentation of transportation regardless of Seoul metropolitan and non-Seoul metropolitan areas. It seems that the reason the shadow prices of two pollutants for the cities of Seoul metropolitan area are higher, is because environmental regulation is stronger in the cities of Seoul metropolitan area, the cities of Seoul metropolitan relatively show higher quantities of pollution reduction under given desirable outputs, and generally have industrial sectors with small pollution emission. In the future we need to reduce pollutants in the various respects such as adjustment of overall industry structure, energy consumption pattern, and reviews of arrangement of living space for the cities located on the downward-sloping segment of production frontier.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.357-373
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• 1975

This study was conducted to evaluate the winter active polycross progenies of 10 genotypes selected at the hot and dry climate of the Southern Oregon in their performance in the progeny test comparing with a high yielding variety, 'Fawn', and a winter active variety, 'TFM', as the control varieties at Daejon, Korea. Various plant and leaf characteristics, especially which related to photosynthesis, and forage production during the first summer after their establishment, were examined. The important conclusions of this study are summarized as follows: 1. The winter active genotypes and variety had less leaf fresh weight and dry weight per leaf than variety 'Fawn'. Variations among polycross progenies of genotypes for these characteristics were great. 2. The winter active genotypes and variety had less leaf area per leaf than variety 'Fawn'. Leaf area among polycross progenies of genotypes deviated greatly and poly cross progenies of 'genotype-16' had the same average leaf area as 'Fawn'. 3. Differences of specific leaf weight (S. L. W.) in the winter active genotypes and variety were not significant. Probably the genetic diversity for S. L. W were not big and were narrowed down already in this genetic population. It was suggested that the photosynthate production within the population might not be different and there might be differences in the photosynthate production-translocation balance. Further study for the diurnal change in S. L. W. within the population might be useful. 4. The winter active variety and genotypes had less leaf width than 'Fawn' does. Leaf width among polycross progenies of genotypes deviated significantly. 5. Differences among controls and polycross progeny group in the initial plant height were significant and variety 'Fawn' was taller than the winter active genotypes and variety. But the differences were not significant in the regrowth of plant height after the first forage harvest. On the contrary. the differences among polycross progenies of genotypes were not significant in the initial plant but the differences in their polycross progeny performance became obvious and great in the regrowth ability which is an improtent agronomic characteristics for forage crops produced in the pasture and for hay and silage. 6. Plant width of the winter active genotypes and variety was lesser than 'Fawn' variety. 7. Differences of tiller number became evident and variety 'Fawn' had higher tiller number than the winter active genotypes and variety after the first forage cutting. There, deviations among polycross progenies of genotypes were great for this characteristic. It was obvious that the genetic differences became more evident in the second measurement after the first cutting of forage probably because this characteristic were stimulated by defoliation in the cartain genotypes and variety. 8. The winter active genotypes and variety on the initial growth. the regrowth ability andtotal yield had lesser forage yield than variety 'Fawn'. Deviation of forage yield among polycross progenies of genotypes were great and gave basis for selection according to their polycross progeny performance improving the forage yield of these winter active tall fescue population during summer. 9. It was concluded that the winter active variety and genotypes in this study was poorer than variety 'Fawn' for the most of leaf and plant characteristics including forage yield. For these measurements, the variations among polycross progenies of genotypes were great. and plant breeding might able to improve further this winter active tall fescue through the polycross progeny testing method for the higher forage production during summer in Korea. 10. The result of the associations among various characteristics under study were quite agreeable with the results of the analysis of variance and woul be useful in the selection of desirable genotypes for the development of a new variety.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.228-235
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• 2009

As we recognize the health care, test of BMD is increased. There are various methods in BMD, Dual Energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) which has high precision and accuracy, and low medical exposure dose has been widely used. To measure the changes of BMD, the test must be done as same posture at first and follow up study performed a year. we analyze the difference in the hour taken before and after the examination by radiologic technologist, frequency of scout scan, and the amount of the radiation exposure. The hour of the examination and frequency of the scout scan were shorten and the dose of the radiation exposure is reduced. As the numerical value of total subjects is converted into that of one person, the duration for the test was 52 seconds, the frequency for the scout scan 0.79 time, and the dose for the radiation exposure $13{\mu}Sv$. When the health care provider perform the precise and easy methods to minimize changes of posture and the skillful ability to manage the test, useless radiation is decreased.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.27-32
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• 1997

Continual monitoring of abnormal operating conditions i a key issue in maintaining high product quality and safe operation, since the undetected process abnormality may lead to the undesirable operations, finally producing low quality products, or breakdown of equipment. The statistical projection method recently highlighted has the advantage of easily building reference model with the historical measurement data in the statistically in-control state and not requiring any detailed mathematical model or knowledge-base of process. As the complexity of process increases, however, we have more measurement variables and recycle streams. This situation may not only result in the frequent occurrence of process Perturbation, but make it difficult to pinpoint trouble-making causes or at most assignable source unit due to the confusing candidates. Consequently, an ad hoc skill to monitor and diagnose in plat-wide scale is needed. In this paper, we propose a hierarchical plant-wide monitoring methodology based on hierarchical decomposition and principal component analysis for handling the complexity and interactions among process units. This have the effect of preventing special events in a specific sub-block from propagating to other sub-blocks or at least delaying the transfer of undesired state, and so make it possible to quickly detect and diagnose the process malfunctions. To prove the performance of the proposed methodology, we simulate the Tennessee Eastman benchmark process which is operated continuously with 41 measurement variables of five major units. Simulation results have shown that the proposed methodology offers a fast and reliable monitoring and diagnosis for a large scale chemical plant.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.321-326
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• 2014

The aim of this study was to investigate which hydroponic system is the optimum for growth and photosynthetic characteristics of Angelica gigas during experiment. Angelica gigas 'Manchu' were sowed and managed under a growth room chamber. The environmental conditions (temperature $22^{\circ}C/18^{\circ}C$ (day/night), relative humidity 50-70%, photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD) $120{\pm}6{\mu}mol\;m^{-2}s^{-1}$) were maintained for 3 weeks. Forty eight seedlings with 4-5 leaves were transplanted in deep flow technique (DFT), substrate, and spray culture systems [culture bed: 800 (L) ${\times}$ 800 (W) ${\times}$ 400 mm(H)] under $150{\pm}5{\mu}mol\;m^{-2}s^{-1}$ PPFD provided with fluorescence lamps and cultivated for 11 weeks. At the end of the experiment, fresh and dry weights, leaf lenghth and width, SPAD, root fresh, and dry weights, and root volume of Anglica gigas were measured. Photosynthetic rate of Anglica gigas were measured with portable photosynthesis systems to investigate optimum PPFD, $CO_2$ concentration, and air temperature conditions. Fresh and dry weights of Anglica gigas grown in substrate were significantly greater than DFT-treated, but there were not significant with spray treatment. Leaf photosynthesis of Anglica gigas showed the tendency to sharply increase as PPFD was increased from 50 to $200{\mu}mol\;m^{-2}s^{-1}$. Though $CO_2$ saturation point was around $1000-1200{\mu}mol\;mol^{-1}$, increase in air temperature from 16 to $26^{\circ}C$ did not quite affect photosynthesis of Anglica gigas. In conclusion, Anglica gigas may be optimally cultivated with a spray culture system as air temperature, PPFD, and $CO_2$ concentration for environment are controlled at $20{\pm}3^{\circ}C$, $150{\mu}mol\;m^{-2}s^{-1}$, and around $1000{\mu}mol\;mol^{-1}$ for mass production.