• Proceedings of the Korean Information Science Society Conference
• /
• 2004.10a
• /
• pp.283-285
• /
• 2004

문제 은행 방식을 사용하는 웹 기반 학습 시스템의 문제점으로 지적되었던 문제 유출에 따른 평가의 공정성 문제를 해결하고자 임의 추출 분할 방식을 이용한 동적 문제 출제 시스템이 제안되었다. 하지만 이 시스템 또한 문제 은행 방식을 사용하여 위의 문제를 해결하려고 하였다. 본 논문에서는 이러한 문제점을 해결하기 위하여 단어간의 관계를 계층적으로 표현한 어휘 데이터베이스인 한국어 워드넷을 활용한 방법을 적용하였다 먼저 임의 추출 분할 방식으로 출제된 문제의 예제 문항을 형태소 분석기를 이용하여 명사들을 추출한다. 이 명사들을 이용하여 한국어 워드넷에서 해당 면사의 상위 개념 또는 동일 개념의 Synset을 추출한다. 이렇게 추출된 Synset으로 다른 예시 문항이지만 의미적으로 유사한 다양한 예제 문항을 생성하려는 시스템을 제안한다. 제안된 시스템의 사용으로 평가의 공정성 문제를 해결하고자 한다.

• Annual Conference on Human and Language Technology
• /
• 2019.10a
• /
• pp.375-379
• /
• 2019

언어학에서의 환유법은 표현을 위해 빌려온 대상이 다양한 의미로 해석 가능하기에 매우 어렵고 난해한 분야이다. 환유의 특성 상 주어진 엔티티의 환유 여부를 구분하기 위해서는 앞뒤 단어와의 연관성 뿐만 아니라 문장 전체의 문맥 정보에 대한 고려가 필수적이다. 최근 이러한 문맥 정보를 고려하여 학습된 다양한 모델들이 등장하면서 환유법에 대한 연구를 하기에 좋은 환경이 구축되고 있다. 본 논문에서는 언어학적 자질 정보를 최소화한 딥러닝을 이용한 환유 해소 모델을 제안한다. LSTM 기반의 feature-based 모델과 및 BERT, XLNet, RoBERTa와 같은 fine-tuning 모델들에 대한 실험을 진행하였다. 실험 결과, fine-tuning 모델들이 baseline과 비교하여 뛰어난 성능 향상을 가져왔으며, 특히 XLNet 모델은 두 개의 환유 해소 데이터 SemEval 2007와 ReLocaR에 대해 각각 90.1%과 95.8%의 정확도를 보여주었다.

• Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
• /
• 2008.05a
• /
• pp.99-102
• /
• 2008

현재 우리나라에서는 영어에 대한 중요성과 관심이 점점 커지고 있으며, 영어 능력을 평가하는 다양한 시험이 시행 중에 있다. 이런 시험들을 준비하기 위해 많은 문제들은 웹 상에서 손쉽게 구할 수 있는 반면에, 획득한 문제에 대한 정답을 원하는 순간에 구하는 것은 쉽지 않아 영어 문제를 푼 후에 정답을 확인할 수 없는 경우가 많다. 이런 불편함을 줄이기 위해 본 논문은 영어 문제의 정답을 추천해 주는 시스템에 대해서 논의한다. 단문 빈칸 채우기 형식의 문제에 대해서 해당 문제의 문장의 의미에 대한 이해없이도 특정 어휘의 쓰임새나 빈칸 주변의 문맥 정보, 단어들 간의 공기빈도 정보를 이용하여 문제의 정답을 추천한다. 시스템에 필요한 정보를 위한 자료를 웹 상의 수많은 영어 문서들에 기술된 표현을 이용하여 수동 지식 구축과정 없이 문제를 해결한다.

• Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
• /
• 2008.11a
• /
• pp.757-759
• /
• 2008

기존의 웹 서비스가 수동적이고, 단방향 통신을 축으로 뒀다면 현재의 웹 서비스는 점차 능동적이고 변화되었으며, 양방향 통신 환경을 지향하게 되었다. 이러한 웹 서비스 변화의 흐름을 일컬어 웹 2.0이라 한다. 웹 2.0 세대를 살아가는 사용자들은 기존과 다른 다양한 정보의 홍수에 노출되게 되었다. 이들은 일방적이고, 제한적인 정보를 얻는 기존 환경에서 탈피, 스스로 가치 있는 정보를 생산해 내기 시작했고, 이렇게 생산된 정보는 인터넷을 통해 다른 사용자와 교류하며 더욱 가치 있는 정보를 창출해 나가고 있다. 이런 발전 과정에서 지속적으로 더욱 더 커져가는 정보를 더 빠르고 정확하게 공유하는 기술이 필요하게 되었고, 현재 이런 필요성을 충족시키는데 유용한 기술의 한 갈래로 나온 것이 태그와 시맨틱 웹으로 대표되는 온톨로지 이다. 태그는 정보의 주제나 표제를 나타내는 단어를 해당 컨텐츠 정보를 제공하는 사이트에서 정보 분류 단위로 사용, 이를 통한 더 빠른 정보 공유를 할 수 있게 되었다. 시맨틱 웹은 현재의 인터넷과 같은 다양한 리소스에 대한 정보와 자원 사이의 관계-의미 정보를 기계(컴퓨터)가 처리할 수 있는 온톨로지 형태로 표현하고, 이를 자동화된 기계(컴퓨터)가 처리하도록 하는 기술이다. 이 논문에서는 웹 2.0의 대표기술이라 할 수 있는 온톨로지 기법을 이용, 기존 태그의 정보 분류 효율을 높이기 위한 태그와 태그의 의미관계 형성을 제안하였다.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
• /
• v.9 no.3
• /
• pp.1-8
• /
• 2009

This paper proposes a new document clustering system using fuzzy logic-based genetic algorithm (GA) and semantic vector expansion technology. It has been known in many GA papers that the success depends on two factors, the diversity of the population and the capability to convergence. We use the fuzzy logic-based operators to adaptively adjust the influence between these two factors. In traditional document clustering, the most popular and straightforward approach to represent the document is vector space model (VSM). However, this approach not only leads to a high dimensional feature space, but also ignores the semantic relationships between some important words, which would affect the accuracy of clustering. In this paper we use latent semantic analysis (LSA)to expand the documents to corresponding semantic vectors conceptually, rather than the individual terms. Meanwhile, the sizes of the vectors can be reduced drastically. We test our clustering algorithm on 20 news groups and Reuter collection data sets. The results show that our method outperforms the conventional GA in various document representation environments.

• Journal of Digital Contents Society
• /
• v.19 no.1
• /
• pp.75-83
• /
• 2018

Multicultural family members have difficulty in educating their children due to language differences. In order to solve these difficulties, it is necessary to provide smart translation services that enable them easily and quickly access real-life vocabularies. However, the current automatic translation technology is being developed in dominant languages such as English, Chinese, and Japanese. There are also limitations to translating special-purpose terms such as documents of schools and instructions of public institutions. In this study, we propose a real-time automatic word translation service for multicultural family members who understand beginner level Korean. The service automatically analyzes the semantics of each word in the Korean sentences and provides a word-by-word translation. This study includes semantic analysis research for Korean language, building multilingual translation knowledge, and fusion study of language education. We evaluated the word translation service for migrant women from Vietnam and Japan and obtained meaningful evaluation results.

• Journal of Educational Research in Mathematics
• /
• v.26 no.4
• /
• pp.635-662
• /
• 2016

Combinatorics, the basis of probabilistic thinking, is an important area of mathematics and closely linked with other subjects such as informatics and STEAM areas. But combinatorics is one of the most difficult units in school mathematics for leaning and teaching. This study, using the designed combinatorial models and executable expression, aims to analyzes the eye movement of graduate students when they translate the written combinatorial problems to the corresponding executable expression, and examines not only the understanding process of the written combinatorial sentences but also the degree of difficulties depending on the combinatorial semantic structures. The result of the study shows that there are two types of solving process the participants take when they solve the problems : one is to choose the right executable expression by comparing the sentence and the executable expression frequently. The other approach is to find the corresponding executable expression after they derive the suitable mental model by translating the combinatorial sentence. We found the cognitive processing patterns of the participants how they pay attention to words and numbers related to the essential informations hidden in the sentence. Also we found that the student's eyes rest upon the essential combinatorial sentences and executable expressions longer and they perform the complicated cognitive handling process such as comparing the written sentence with executable expressions when they try the problems whose meaning structure is rarely used in the school mathematics. The data of eye movement provide meaningful information for analyzing the cognitive process related to the solving process of the participants.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
• /
• v.19 no.11
• /
• pp.159-166
• /
• 2014

In this paper, we examine the role of emotional acoustic cues including both prosody and voice quality parameters for the modification of a word sense. For the extraction of prosody parameters and voice quality parameters, we used 60 pieces of speech data spoken by six speakers with five different emotional states. We analyzed eight different emotional acoustic cues, and used a discriminant analysis technique in order to find the dominant sequence of acoustic cues. As a result, we found that anger has a close relation with intensity level and 2nd formant bandwidth range; joy has a relative relation with the position of 2nd and 3rd formant values and intensity level; sadness has a strong relation only with prosody cues such as intensity level and pitch level; and fear has a relation with pitch level and 2nd formant value with its bandwidth range. These findings can be used as the guideline for find-tuning an emotional spoken language generation system, because these distinct sequences of acoustic cues reveal the subtle characteristics of each emotional state.

• Proceedings of the Korea Contents Association Conference
• /
• 2009.05a
• /
• pp.120-126
• /
• 2009

As the information age grows rapidly, the amount of digital texts has been increasing as well. It has brought an increasing of visualization case in order to figure out lots of digital texts. Existing visualized design of digital text is merely concentrating on figuration of subject word through adoption of stemming algorithm and word frequency extraction, prominence of meaning of text, and connection in between sentences. So it is a fact that expression of rhythm that can visualize sentimental feeing of digital text was insufficient. Syllable is a phoneme unit that can express rhythm more efficiently. In sentences, syllable is a most basic pronunciation unit in pronouncing word, phase and sentence. On this basis, accent, intonation, length of rhythm factor and others are based on syllable. Sonority, which is most closely associated with definitions of syllable, is expressed through air flow of igniting lung and acoustic energy that is specified kinetic energy into sonority. Seen from this perspective, this study examines phonologic definition and characteristics based on syllable, which is properties of digital text, and research the way to visualize rhythm through diagram. After converting digital text into phonetic symbol by the experiment, rhythm information are visualized into images using degree of resonance, which was started from rhythm in all languages, and using syllable establishment of digital text. By visualizing syllable information, it provides syllable information of digital text and express sentiment of digital text through diagram to assist user's understanding by systematic formula. Therefore, this study is aimed at planning for easy understanding of text's rhythm and realizing visualization of digital text.

• Korea Science and Art Forum
• /
• v.37 no.2
• /
• pp.275-292
• /
• 2019

This study was initiated with the attention of demanding new and diverse approaches, we're talking familiar with imitations in the design process like a way to draw a image. So I studied a convergence of humanities and visual arts with the understanding and conceptual approach of the formless. The purpose of this study is to develop formless languages and to organize practical courses which are to enable deeper research and design expression on theoretical approaches and explanations of outcomes required before and after the process when we practice in connection with the formless. The method of this study is to draw detailed items from selected words through advanced researches, work and author researches and practice teaching. The results of the study I proposed the formless language that is related to the horizontality in spatial positioning system, and pulse in the separation of space and time, and entropy in structural orders of the system, and base materialism in the limitation of matter as the operating mechanism and parent item of formless. And those elements are related with shape, size, shading, color, texture, space, structure as visual elements of formative elements and those have various adjectival meanings as the subordinate concept. So I presented an education materials of basic design which is to enable understanding and expressing the formless language in the overall process of formless visual art(theoretical approach, practice course, presentation, etc.). Based on these study results, I hope that this educational materials will be used as educational contents that makes them express and understand different new beauties, and a role that reveals social identity, and a reference for research on a formless visual arts.