• Cement
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• s.9
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• pp.43-54
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• 1964

• Cement
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• s.80
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• pp.54-56
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• 1980

• Cement
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• s.26
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• pp.38-42
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• 1968

• Journal of Wetlands Research
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.433-442
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• 2017

As a result of the Four-River Restoration Project in Korea, the habitat of endangered plant species of Aster altaicus var. uchiyamae and Polygonatum stenophyllum, which had been natively grown in the riparian zone of Namhan River, was destroyed and artificial replacement habitats were created. In this study, Habitat Suitability Index (HSI) was used to determine whether the replacement habitats are suitable for each species or not. From October 2015 to July 2016, Habitat Evaluate Procedures (HEP) were conducted on two replacement habitats of A. altaicus var. uchiyamae (Gangcheonsum and Sum-River) and on two replacement habitats of P. stenophyllum (Gangcheonsum and Youngjuk) in the Namhan River watershed. As evaluation parameters for A. altaicus var. uchiyamae habitat, habitat matrix (ratio of unburied gravel), height above the ordinary water level, soil nutrients, and light conditions were selected and for P. stenophyllum habitat, soil texture, light conditions, and coverage of companion species were selected. HSI was applied to evaluate the suitability of each replacement habitat. According to the result of the evaluation, replacement habitats of A. altaicus var. uchiyamae and P. stenophyllum located in Gangcheonsum have relatively high HSI values as 0.839 and 0.846, respectively. On the other hand, replacement habitats of A. altaicus var. uchiyamae in Sum-River and P. stenophyllum in Youngjuk zone have HSI value of 0, indicating unsuitable habitats for these species. This is the first attempt to apply HSI for plant species in Korea and proved the usefulness of HSI on plants.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.470-478
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• 2011

Aster altaicus var. uchiyamae is on the list of endangered species in Korea. Using amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) markers, we investigated the genetic diversity within and among four populations (Guram, Dori Island, Samhap, and Danyang) of A. altaicus var. uchiyamae. We also present the collecting strategies that most efficiently capture the genetic diversity of A. altaicus var. uchiyamae. Four AFLP primer combinations produced a total of 936 bands, of which 934 (99.8%) were polymorphic. A high level of genetic diversity (PPB = 45.3%, h = 0.104, I = 0.168, hs = 0.108) was recognized within the populations of A. altaicus var. uchiyamae. A low degree of genetic differentiation ($G_{ST}$ = 0.075, ${\theta}^B$ = 0.079) was detected among the populations. In addition, analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) showed that genetic variation was greater within populations (91%) than among populations (9%). These results indicate that the high rate of gene flow has played an important role in forming the present populations of A. altaicus var. uchiyamae. According to maximization strategy, 17, 16, and 11 individuals captured all of the genetic variation in Dori Island, Samhap, and Guram population, respectively. The determination the minimum population size of A. altaicus var. uchiyamae in terms of the genetic information is critical and thereby gain reliable decision support for ex situ conservation of the endangered species, A. altaicus var. uchiyamae.

• Korean Journal of Ichthyology
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.83-88
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• 2014

An endemic Korean bitterling, Acheilognathus signifer, known as using freshwater mussels for its spawning activity, much prefers Lamprotula leai in Dalcheon stream (Goesan population) and Unio douglasiae sinuolatus in Gadaecheon (Danyang population) stream, Korea. The spawning pattern between two mussels and one bitterling was carried out in two populations from April to June, 2011 and 2013. L. leai in the Goesan population was bigger shell length and have more eggs, larvae or both with A. signifer than those of U. d. sinuolatus in the Danyang population. Also, A. signifer in the Goesan population appeared to have a longer ovipositor and lay ripen eggs more than those of A. signifer in the Danyang population. Glochidium, a larval stage, of some L. leai in the Goesan population was incubated in all the demibranch, whereas for all of U. d. sinuolatus in the Danyang population was found in the outer demibranch only. For L. leai in the Goesan population, the eggs, larvae or both of A. signifer were much more in the non-breeding mussels (giving no glochidium) than the breeding mussels having the glochidium. For U. d. sinuolatus in the Danyang population, in contrast, the non-breeding mussels have fewer eggs, larvae or both less than the breeding one.

• Proceedings of the Speleological Society Conference
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• 2002.11a
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• pp.7-18
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• 2002

양당리굴과 북상리굴은 행정구역상 충청북도 단양군 단성면 양당리와 북상리에 각각 위치하고 지리적 위치는 양당리굴이 동경 $128^{\circ}$ 15'10", 북위 $36^{\circ}$ 53'50", 북상리굴이 동경 $128^{\circ}$20'30", 북위 $36^{\circ}$ 55'10"에 위치한다［그림 1］. 단성면은 북으로 적성면, 동으로 단양읍, 대강면, 남으로 경상북도 문경시, 서로는 덕산면, 제천시로 둘러싸여 있는 곳이다. (중략)

• Journal of the Speleological Society of Korea
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• no.44
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• pp.17-26
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• 1995

온달굴은 우리나라 내륙산지의 서쪽기슭에 속하는 충청북도 단양땅에 있는 석회동굴이다. 그 옛날 온달장군이 이 동굴속에서 심신을 단련시켰다하여 온달굴이라고 한다. 한편 이 동굴은 남한강 강가의 남쪽연안에 있기 때문에 남굴이라고도 전해지고 있는 동굴이다. 사실상 이 온달굴에 있는 단양땅에는 이미 고수동굴, 노동굴 그리고 천동동굴이 관광동굴로 공개되고 있으므로 될 수 있으면 이 동굴만이라도 길이 보존관리하는 것이 좋다고 사료되기는 하나 이미 이 동굴이 지금부터 15년전에 2년동안 이 기나긴 세월을 관광동굴로 개발 이용되었던 동굴이므로 동굴내부는 매우 훼손, 오염이 심하며 더구나 그 당시에 설치되었던, 통로, 교량, 전기조명 시설들이 그대로 방치되어 왔었기에 이미 훼손된 동굴이기에 개발의 타당성을 연구하게 된 것이다.(중략)

• Water for future
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• v.34 no.5
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• pp.133-138
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• 2001

• Cement
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• s.169
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• pp.17-33
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• 2005