• Journal of the Korea Concrete Institute
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.677-684
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• 2012

In recent years, extension of life span of buildings is becoming an important issue in our society. To improve the life span of buildings, rhamen structure construction and long-spanned structures are advantageous. And in order to achieve this goal, structural elements of buildings must be light and slender. As an alternative method, general porous slabs are used frequently domestically and internationally. But the study on the porous slabs using T-deck plate and assembly of light weight precast construction is insufficient at present. In this study, flexural and fatigue tests were performed on six specimens to verify structural performance and serviceability. The main parameters of the specimens were light weight and T-deck plate construction possibility as well as slab thickness. The test results indicated that the strength of porous slabs using T-deck plate and assembly of light weight were much better than general RC slabs and porous slabs without T-deck plate. And stiffness was much better than that of other tested slabs.

• Journal of the Korea institute for structural maintenance and inspection
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.1-12
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• 2017

In this study, It was purpose to provide preliminary data for extension of the applicability of deep corrugated steel plate composite members by steel grade and shear reinforcement method. From the result of flexural test on deep corrugated plates composite members using GR40 and SS590, positive moment capacity was increased about 28% by SS590 steel. But to change steel grade was proved to have insignificant effects for increasement of negative moment capacity. In the moment test result of same overlapping length, Increasement rate of positive and negative moment capacity was not significantly improved by increasing the number of bolt. It was estimated to be due to the characteristics of bolt connection such as distance between centers of bolts, edge distance of bolt. In the test result on the spacing of shear reinforcement, positive moment capacity was increased and deformation of negative moment was reduced as the distance decrease. In the test result on the shape of shear reinforcement, positive and negative moment resistance was increased about 2% ~ 7% by U shaped shear reinforcement. In conclusion It was estimated that moment capacity of deep corrugated steel plate composite members are depend on steel grade of deep corrugated steel plate, spacing of shear reinforcement and reinforcing bar.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.48 no.6
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• pp.780-790
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• 2020

In this study, the cell-wall microstructure and anti-swelling effectiveness (ASE) of heat-treated larch wood were evaluated and the correlation between them was analyzed. For this purpose, some larch lumbers were heat-treated for 12, 18, and 24 hours at temperatures of 190℃ and 220℃. By observing the scanning electron microscopy cross-sectional image of the heat-treated larch, it was confirmed that the shape of heat-treated wood cell changed, the cut-section of the wood cell wall was rough, and the intercellular space has become wide as the intercellular bonds had broken because of heat-treatment. In addition, the evaluation of the swelling for each treatment condition revealed that, as the heat-treatment temperature and duration increased, the amount of absorbed water and swelling decreased and the ASE increased. The decrease in the amount of absorbed water is thought to be affected by the chemical change in the cell wall by heat-treatment. On the contrary, the decrease in the swelling and the increase in the ASE are thought to be due to a combination of chemical changes and physical changes such as structural changes in the cell wall.

• Geophysics and Geophysical Exploration
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.17-25
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• 1999

A traveltime tomography has been carried out by transforming electromagnetic data in frequency domain to wave-like domain. The transform uniquely relates a field satisfying a diffusion equation to an integral of the corresponding wavefield. But direct transform of frequency domain magnetic fields to wave-field domain is ill-posed problem because the kernel of the integral transform is highly damped. In this study, instead of solving such an unstable problem, it is assumed that wave-fields in transformed domain can be approximated by sum of ray series. And for further simplicity, reflection and refraction energy compared to that of direct wave is weak enough to be neglected. Then first arrival can be approximated by calculating the traveltime of direct wave only. But these assumptions are valid when the conductivity contrast between background medium and the target anomalous body is low enough. So this approach can only be applied to the models with low conductivity contrast. To verify the algorithm, traveltime calculated by this approach was compared to that of direct transform method and exact traveltime, calculated analytically, for homogeneous whole space. The error in first arrival picked by this study was less than that of direct transformation method, especially when the number of frequency samples is less than 10, or when the data are noisy. Layered earth model with varying conductivity contrasts and inclined dyke model have been successfully imaged by applying nonlinear traveltime tomography in 30 iterations within three CPU minutes on a IBM Pentium Pro 200 MHz.

• Journal of Korean Tunnelling and Underground Space Association
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.39-53
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• 2018

Generally, the total ventilation resistance coefficient in a tunnel consists of inlet/outlet loss coefficient, wall friction coefficient, and other loss coefficient caused by sudden expansion and contraction of cross-section, etc. For the tunnel before opening, when the running ventilation fan is stopped, the wind speed in the tunnel is reduced by the total ventilation resistance drag. The velocity decay method is comparatively stable and easy to estimate the wall friction coefficient in the pre-opening tunnel. However, the existing study reported that when the converging wind speed is a negative value after the ventilation fan stops, it is difficult to estimate the wall friction coefficient according to the velocity decay method. On the other hand, for the operating tunnel in which the piston effect acts, a more complex process is performed; however, a reasonable wall friction coefficient can be estimated. This paper aims at suggesting a method to minimize the measurement variables of the piston effect and reviewing a method that can be applied to the operating tunnel. Also, in this study, a new method has been developed, which enables to calculate an variation of the piston effect if the piston effect is constant with a sudden change of external natural wind occurring while the wind speed in the tunnel decreases after the ventilation fan stops, and a programming logic has been also developed, which enables dynamic simulation analysis in order to estimate the wall friction coefficient in a tunnel.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Hazard Mitigation
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• v.10 no.5
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• pp.117-124
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• 2010

Most of the rivers which exist in nature are not a single river but the network that is composed of several branches and mainstreams. The river network are more complicated than other sigle rivers and streams. Therefore the hydraulic characteristics are sensitively changed by reduction and expansion of the width in the confluence or the variation of the flux. In this paper, the hydraulic characteristics were calculated by the change of the width and length in the confluence and the hydraulic model test. The deposit of confluence emerged at the left bank, right bank and the stagnation sector. As the total flow in the branch have increased, stagnation of the left bank and right bank have decreased. When the width of the downstream have been get smaller from 3 m to 2 m, the deposit of the left bank and right bank and stagnation sector have decreased. But as the eddy flow in the center of the confluence is occurred, the erosion has been increased. The result of this paper can be used as a basic data of water management around the junction and for maintenance on the ground of development of the river.

• Journal of Korean Society of Steel Construction
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.333-345
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• 2008

concrete deck bridges are increasingly aplied to twin- girder bridges and open-stel box girder bridges.One of the most dificult isues in the design of shear conect ors is the mater of achieving ful composite action. Many connectors in smal area require a significant section los of precast decks resulting in difficult reinforcement details. In this closer spacing than the required minimum spacing in the design codes was evaluated through static tests. Test results s howed that the ultimate strength decreased as the conector spacing was reduced. The strength enhancement was observed due to aditional reinforcement for precast slabs or for shear pockets. Thus, the design of group stud shear connection needs to anticipate failure modes and the conector failure should be induced. Based on the test results, an empirical equation consi dering stud spacing was proposed to evaluate the ultimate strength of group stud shear conection. Fatigue tests showed n o reduction in fatigue life of the group stud shear conection in the range of this research. Details of the precast decks wer e enhanced using the findings of the study.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.29-36
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• 2017

It has been known that rockbolt is one of important supports improving the support capacity with shotcrete in NATM tunnel. Also, it is necessary for the inclined system bolting to enhance the efficiency of installation in case of a narrow space such as cross passage and enlargement tunnel. However, there is no profound technical study for the effect of inclined rockbolt of systematic installation on the support mechanism and ground behaviour in NATM tunnel. In this study, the effects of the length and installation angle of rockbolt on the characteristics of support and ground reinforcement were analyzed by using 3D finite element numerical study. Through the numerical results for the parametric modelling of inclined rockbolt, the characteristics of mechanical behaviors between the axial force of rockbolt and the effect of ground reinforcement in regard to the various factors of the length and installation angle of rockbolt were verified and reviewed thoroughly. Also, it was shown that the installation angle of rockbolt for enhancing the arching effect in NATM tunnel was $45^{\circ}$, and the difference of the reinforcing effect for support between the installation angles of $75^{\circ}$ and $90^{\circ}$ was insignificant. The additional numerical studies for various condition would be carried out for practical design guideline of inclined rockbolt.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.67-75
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• 2018

In this study, we developed a micropile equipped with ground fixing wedge device which is able to ensure the bearing capacity early before grouting by expanding the tip and exerting the tip surface friction while compressing and expanding the tip of the micropile during loading. The purpose of this study is to verify the applicability of the developed micropile to the ground with various kinds of strength and to compare its characteristics with those of the simple tip expansion micropile. A new test system including a model soil box which can measure the tip resistance and the tip skin friction separately was devised. The loading test was carried out according to the changes of the ground strength and the tip cross section using the devised test systems. As a result of the test, it was found that the developed micropile increased the tip skin friction due to the wedge horizontal force as the soil strength increased and could be applied more effectively to the ground with the strength not lower than the strength of the weathered rock. In addition, it was found that additional bearing capacity could be obtained due to the tip cross section expansion and the wedge horizontal force exertion even in the ground with the strength below the weathered rock strength.

• Journal of the Korea Concrete Institute
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.249-257
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• 2017

The purpose of this study was to contribute to the field application cost effectively and reasonably by developing the functional piles that make up for the defects of PHC piles. CFP (Concrete Filled Pretensioned Spun High Strength Concrete Pile with Ring type Composite shear connectors) piles developed in this study increases the compressive stress through enlarged cross section by rearranging composite shear connectors and filling the hollow part of PHC pile with concrete. And it improved shear and bending performance placing the rebar (H13-8ea) within the PHC pile and the hollow part of PHC pile of rebar (H19-8ea). In addition, the composite shear connectors were placed for the composite behavior between PHC pile and filled concrete. Placing Rebars (H13-8ea) of PHC pile into composite shear connector holes are sleeve-type mechanical coupling method that filling the concrete to the gap of the two members. Nonlinear finite element analyzes were performed to verify the performance of shear and bending moments and it deduced the spacing of the composite shear connectors. Through a various interpretation of CFP piles, it's proved that the CFP pile can increase the shear and bending stiffness of the PHC pile effectively. Therefore, this can be utilized usefully on the construction sites.